S1B4狀語從句

1、1.Adverbial Clauses of Time:（時(shí)間狀語從句）（時(shí)間狀語從句）when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as, every time, each time,the moment, by the time1.whenWhen即可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作。它可即可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作。它可以表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或從句的動(dòng)作以表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前。發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前。1) When he comes here tomorro

2、w,I will call you. (短暫性動(dòng)作，短暫性動(dòng)作，at the time that)2) Henry is in charge of the office when Mr.Smith is away. (持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，during the time that)3) When the lesson was over, we began our writing. (短暫性動(dòng)作，從句動(dòng)作在前）短暫性動(dòng)作，從句動(dòng)作在前）在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中，在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中，when作作“在那時(shí)在那時(shí)”講，表示某件事正在講，表示某件事正在發(fā)生或剛剛發(fā)生時(shí)，這時(shí)另一動(dòng)作發(fā)生發(fā)生或剛剛發(fā)生時(shí)，這時(shí)另一動(dòng)作發(fā)生

3、be about to dowhenShe was about to start out when the telephone rang.be doingwhenI was having my supper when a friend of mine called in.had donewhenWe had just crossed the street when someone called me.be on ones waywhenWe were on our way to the station when we found a girl crying by the roadside.be

4、 on the point of doingwhen 2.while指指“在某一時(shí)間里在某一時(shí)間里”，“在在期間期間”，從句里的動(dòng)作必須，從句里的動(dòng)作必須是是持續(xù)性持續(xù)性的，它也強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動(dòng)作的同時(shí)發(fā)生的，它也強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動(dòng)作的同時(shí)發(fā)生 While he was walking in the street, he met Tim. (分詞短語分詞短語) While walking in the street,he met Tim.Walking in the street ,he met Tim.while也可做并列連詞，表示對(duì)比的含義，意思為也可做并列連詞，表示對(duì)比的含義，意思為“然然

5、而而”，如：，如：He is tall while his brother is short.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表”雖然，盡管雖然，盡管” = althoughWhile he is young, he has rich experience.3.as 可以引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，也可以引導(dǎo)瞬間性動(dòng)作，表示主可以引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，也可以引導(dǎo)瞬間性動(dòng)作，表示主句從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生句從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生As I stopped my car, a man came up to me.“一邊一邊一邊一邊” As they were picking tea,the girls were singi

6、ng happily. She sang as she worked.“隨著隨著”As the day went on, the weather got even cold.連接詞連接詞when, while, as的用法區(qū)別：的用法區(qū)別：1while引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是可延續(xù)的，引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是可延續(xù)的，when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞也可以是表短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞也可以是表短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.When I stopped my c

7、ar, a man came up to me. 2從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，只能用從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，只能用when引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用這個(gè)從句，不可用as或或while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3表示表示“隨著隨著”，連詞用，連詞用as，不用，不用when或或while。As the election approached, the violence got worse.1.It was raining hard _ I got home.2.I was doing my homework

8、 _ my brother was playing games.3._ we walked, we talked.4.We do not necessarily grow wiser _ we grow older.5._ I have finished, Ill tell you.6.He was just about to leave, _the telephone rang.7.She thought I was talking about her daughter, _ in fact, I was talking about my daughter.8.We were watchin

9、g TV _ the light went out.whenwhileAsasWhenwhenwhilewhen4.Before1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.3 Please write it down before you forget it.4 Before they reached the station, the train had gone.“才才” “不到不到就就” “趁趁” “還沒來得及還沒來得及” be

10、fore從句中謂語不用否定式。如：從句中謂語不用否定式。如： Before they reached the station, the train had gone.句型：句型：It will be long before sb does sth 要過很久某人才會(huì)要過很久某人才會(huì)It will be + 一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 + before sb does sth 某人要過多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才做某人要過多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才做It wont be long before sb does sth 不用多久某人就會(huì)不用多久某人就會(huì) It was long before sb did sth 過了很久某人才做過了很久某人才

11、做It was + 一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 + before sb did. Sth 某人過了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才做某人過了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才做It wont be long before he finishes his writing.It will be two years before he leaves the country.It wasnt two years before he left the country.5.AfterAfter he (had) finished his work,he left there.He (had) finished his work before he left h

12、ere.After finishing his work,he left here.Having finished his work,he left here.6.since (from the time that) 句型：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句型：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + since + 過去式過去式 I have worked here since I graduated from the university. 句型：句型：It is since It is (has been) two years since he came here.7. until, till, notuntil1.延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，用肯定形

13、式，延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，用肯定形式，till/until 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到直持續(xù)到until/till所表示的時(shí)間：所表示的時(shí)間： We waited until he came. 2.瞬間動(dòng)詞，用否定形式，瞬間動(dòng)詞，用否定形式，notuntil 意為意為“某動(dòng)作直某動(dòng)作直到某時(shí)間才開始到某時(shí)間才開始”。如：。如： He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3.till不可以置于句首，而不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it.4.notuntil句型中的強(qiáng)

14、調(diào)和倒裝說法：句型中的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝說法： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.as soon as As soon as he comes back, I will let you know.我一離開爭(zhēng)吵就開始了我一離開爭(zhēng)吵就開始了.As soon as I left, the quarrel started.hardly/scarcely/barelywhenno soonerthan主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)主句用

15、過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)I had hardly left when the quarrel startedI had no sooner left than the quarrel started.時(shí)態(tài)不同時(shí)態(tài)不同,主從句位置顛倒；主句倒裝，從句不倒主從句位置顛倒；主句倒裝，從句不倒Hardly had I left when the quarrel started. No sooner had I left than the quarrel started.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí) 9. every time, each time, any time, whenever

16、每次每次就就；無論何時(shí)；無論何時(shí)就就1) Every time/each time I catch a cold,I have pain in my back.2) Whenever I see the picture , I cant help thinking of my hometown.3) Every time he goes to town, he always visits his aunts10. by the timeBy the time + 過去時(shí)過去時(shí)： 1)By the time he arrived,the train had already gone.By the

17、 time + 現(xiàn)在時(shí)：現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 2)By the time he comes,we will already have left.11. The moment The minute The instant Every time +主謂主謂 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句 Each time 狀從表示將來，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)狀從表示將來，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài) The first time Next timeIll tell you about it the moment you come.The instant she saw him, she knew he was in love with her

18、.He left Europe the year World War broke out.不需要使用不需要使用when引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason(原因狀語從句）原因狀語從句） 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞:because，since，as now that，seeing that, in that=since/as 1.because1)回答回答why提問提問(從句中所說的理由是聽話人不知道的）從句中所說的理由是聽話人不知道的）Why were you absent? Because I was not well.2)可被可被just, only, simply, ma

19、inly, 等修飾等修飾,since/as不可不可The doctor looks tired simply/only because he sat up all night.3)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型（不可用用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型（不可用since/as）It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us.4)用在用在notbut 并列結(jié)構(gòu)中并列結(jié)構(gòu)中She hates him very much not because he is rude, but because he is her step-father.5)一般疑問句中如含有原因狀語從句時(shí)，必須用一般疑

20、問句中如含有原因狀語從句時(shí)，必須用becauseDid he come because he wanted help?2.as, since都表示已知的原因，大家所知的事實(shí)都表示已知的原因，大家所知的事實(shí)as一般表示顯而易見一般表示顯而易見,眼睛看得到的原因眼睛看得到的原因, “由于由于”since一般強(qiáng)調(diào)有邏輯性的原因一般強(qiáng)調(diào)有邏輯性的原因, 翻譯為翻譯為“既然既然” As it rained, I stayed at home. Since he has grown up, I wont keep him around me.3.now that, seeing that, in that

21、Now that my watch has been sold, whats the use of the watch chain? Seeing that everyone had taken his seat, he started his speech. She refused the invitation in that she was not feeling very well at that time.3.地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句 where, wherever,( anywhere, everywhere) 1) I will go where you go. (to the p

22、lace where)2) Everywhere they went, they were warmly welcomed.3) He always brings his wife gifts wherever he goes.4) Ill go anywhere you direct me.where + adj 作狀語作狀語Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary. 句型句型 Where there is , there is 哪里有哪里有, 哪里就有哪里就有 Where there is a will, there is a

23、 way. 有志者有志者,事竟成事竟成. Wherever forests are well protected , there are all kinds of wild animals.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句 條件狀語從句中，從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。條件狀語從句中，從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。 if（如果）（如果） unless (ifnot)（除非）（除非） in case（假使，如果）（假使，如果） *supposing （假設(shè)）（假設(shè)） The road will be blocked if there is another snow. We cant get there on time

24、unless we buy the earliest tickets. Please take an umbrella in case it rains. Supposing that he asks you, will you go? as/so long as（只要）（只要） as far as（就（就而言）而言） *on condition that （條件是（條件是） *provided/ providing (that)（如果）（如果） As long as you keep a healthy mind, you can enjoy happiness throughout you

25、r life. As far as I know, he speaks English very well. He promised to buy me a present on condition that I passed my English test. The plane will be in good condition prividing that it is taken care of carefully. When（當(dāng)（當(dāng)時(shí)候）時(shí)候） Once（一旦）（一旦）1) Once you taste the noodles, you will never forget their d

26、elicious flavour.2) Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong.祈使句祈使句 + and/or (else)/otherwise + 將來時(shí)將來時(shí)=條件狀語從句條件狀語從句Run faster, and youll catch the bus.= If you run faster, youll catch the bus.方式狀語從句方式狀語從句 as 按照按照Ill work as the hero did. Do exactly as the doctor says.as if = as though 好像，仿佛好像，仿佛

27、He sat silently as though he were deep in thought. He talked as if he had already been to the moon.the way + (that/in which) 從句從句Pay attention to your table manners. I dont like the way you eat soup.句型：句型：As,so 就像就像一樣，一樣，也也As water is to fish, so air is to man.目的狀語從句目的狀語從句 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞: so that , in order

28、 that *for fear that謂語常含有謂語常含有may, might, can, could, will, would等等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1) I will write to him today so that he may know when to expect us.2) In order that they may have more time to study, they often eat fast food.3) He worked hard for fear that he might be fired by the boss. 結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句 so + a

29、dj/adv + that so + adj + a/an + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) + that so + many/much/few/little + that The theory is so advanced that few people can understand it. such + a/an + adj + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that such + adj + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 + that such + a lot of/lots of + 名詞名詞 + that I had such a good experience that I

30、would always remember it. Those were _ wonderful days that Id like to keep it in my memories forever. She made _ rapid progress in English that she was able to read English beautifully. She made _ much rapid progress in English that she was able to read English beautifully. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞,不可數(shù)名詞都用不可數(shù)名詞都用su

31、ch, 但是如果名但是如果名詞前有詞前有many, much, little, few (表數(shù)量少表數(shù)量少)等表數(shù)量的詞修飾等表數(shù)量的詞修飾,則要用則要用sosuchsuchso so that： 結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句 VS 目的狀語從句目的狀語從句 I opened the window so that fresh air came in. I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. She studied so hard that she might make great progress. She studied so h

32、ard that she made great progress.讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞Although (只能放于句首只能放于句首)though (可以放于句首，句中，句末可以放于句首，句中，句末)even if = even though 即使即使(主句不能再出現(xiàn)主句不能再出現(xiàn)but，但可以用，但可以用yet, still)Although the problems are numerous, we must still try to solve them.We wouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times.2) wh

33、atever, however, whoever, wherever, whenever, whichever = no matter wh-_ difficulties we may come across, we are determined to get over them._ little we may like it, old age comes to most of us. _ comes , he will be welcome. Whatever HoweverWhoever3) Whetheror 不管不管還是還是 Whether you come personally or

34、 you telephone us, we will have a table for you.Whether you go there by sea or by air, you will enjoy your trip.Whether you come in winter or in summer, you will find it is a nice place to live.4) while（位于句首位于句首）= although 盡管盡管While we dont agree on the matter, we continue to be friends.While study

35、is important, its not the only thing.5) as/though引起的倒裝引起的倒裝: Though/As it rained heavily, they arrived on time. =Heavily as/ though it rained,Girl as she is, she is brave enough.Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages.n./ adj./adv./v.+as (though)+主主+謂謂名詞前常省去冠詞名詞前常省去冠詞 比較狀語

36、從句比較狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞: asas (和和一樣一樣); not as/soas (不如不如); than(比比); Japanese is as difficult as German. You are not so old as you look. I know more about it than he does. 有時(shí)從句中的主語可以省略，由有時(shí)從句中的主語可以省略，由as表示表示 There were not so many tickets available as were asked for.= There were not so many tickets available

37、 as the tickets were asked for. the + 比較級(jí)比較級(jí) the + 比較級(jí)比較級(jí) (越越越越) The more you study, the more you will gain. 可還原為兩個(gè)陳述句可還原為兩個(gè)陳述句 You study much. You will gain much. 時(shí)態(tài)一般是前面用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)一般是前面用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),后面用將來時(shí)后面用將來時(shí). 注意注意: 同類相比同類相比 The weather in Shanghai is milder than that in Beijing. The parts of this car ar

38、e better than those of that car.表示倍數(shù)的比較結(jié)構(gòu)表示倍數(shù)的比較結(jié)構(gòu)A is twice + bigger/longer/higher/ + than B=A is three times + as big/long/high/ + as B=A is three times + the size/length/height/ + of B=B is one-third the size/length/height/ + of A含有兩個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)的句型含有兩個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)的句型1. asas, or + 比較級(jí)比較級(jí) + thanThe donkey believe