新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程4燕山大學(xué)常考的1、3、5、7、10單

1、unit1chasevt. run after sb. or sth. in order to catch them 追逐;追趕My dog likes chasing rabbits.我的那條狗喜歡追逐兔子。We were chased by a bull while crossing the field.我們穿過田地時,有一條公牛追逐著我們。crueltyn. C, U behavior that makes people or animals suffer 殘酷;殘忍The book tells readers the cruelty of the slave trade at that

2、 time.這本書告訴了讀者在那個時候奴隸買賣的殘忍。The farmer was accused of cruelty to animals.這個農(nóng)民被指控殘酷虐待動物。pessimistica. expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that sth. will have a bad result 悲觀的The tone of the meeting was very pessimistic.該會議的氣氛非常悲觀。The doctors are pessimistic about his chances of reco

3、very.醫(yī)生們對他康復(fù)的可能性感到悲觀。conquestn. 1. U the process of gaining control over sth. through great effort 征服;控制The conquest of inflation has been the Government's economic priority.控制通貨膨脹一直是政府經(jīng)濟工作的重點。He finally made the conquest of the disease come true. 他最后戰(zhàn)勝了那疾病。2. sing., U the act of taking control

4、of a country, city, etc. by force 征服;攻占After the Norman Conquest the forest became a royal hunting preserve.在諾曼征服之后,這片森林就成了皇家狩獵地。The empire had expanded largely through military conquest.帝國的擴張主要是通過軍事占領(lǐng)。bankrupta. without enough money to pay what one owes 破產(chǎn)的The company was declared bankrupt.這家公司被宣布破

5、產(chǎn)。Five years ago she was a successful actress, but now she is bankrupt.五年前她是一個成功的演員,可是現(xiàn)在她一貧如洗了。motiven. C a reason for doing sth. 動機Why would she have killed him? She has no motive.她為什么會殺他呢?她沒有任何動機。What is the motive behind the bombing?爆炸背后有什么動機?worshipvt. admire and love sb. very much 崇拜;敬重;仰慕He wo

6、rshipped his wife.他很崇拜妻子。He was amused by the way younger actors worshipped and copied him.年青演員崇拜他、模仿他的方式使他感到很有意思。spur vt. encourage sb. or make them want to do sth. 鼓勵;刺激Her difficult childhood spurred her on to succeed.她艱難的童年激勵她去取得成功。My trainer spurred me to keep up a pace of four miles an hour.我的

7、教練鼓勵我保持每小時4英里的節(jié)奏。luren. C sth. that attracts people, or the quality of being able to do this 誘惑Few can resist the lure of adventure.幾乎沒有人抵擋得住歷險的吸引力。It is the lure of money that brings them to the city.是金錢的誘惑使他們來到了這城市。drownv. 1. have a very strong feeling or a serious problem that is dificult to deal

8、 with 沉浸于Relief agencies are drowning in frustration.救濟機構(gòu)都沉浸于沮喪之中。I felt as if I were drowning in sleep.我感到自己好像沉浸在睡眠之中。2. die from being under water for too long, or to kill sb. in this way (使淹死Many people drowned when the boat overturned.翻船時有許多人淹死了。He drowned in a boating accident.他在一次劃船事故中淹死了。impe

9、riala. 1. great and magnificent 壯麗的;宏大的The house is huge and almost imperial.房子很大,極其壯麗。It is said that few places on earth offer such imperial scenic beauty as this.據(jù)說世界上很少有地方像這里有如此壯觀的美景。2. relating to an empire or to the person who rules it 帝國的;皇帝的the decline of an imperial power強盛帝國的衰敗Britain'

10、s imperial expansion in the 19th century英帝國在19世紀的擴張agentn. 1. C sb. whose job is to help an actor, artist, etc. find work 經(jīng)紀人A best-selling writer needs a good agent.暢銷書作家需要好的經(jīng)紀人。My agent has a new script for me to look at.我的經(jīng)紀人有一個新劇本要我看一看。2. C a person or company that represents another person or c

11、ompany, esp. in business 代理人;代理商Our agent in New York deals with all US sales.我們在紐約的代理商處理所有的美國銷售業(yè)務(wù)。hastenvt. make sth. happen sooner or more quickly 加快;加速The treatment she received may, in fact, have hastened her death.實際上她接受的治療加速了她的死亡。News of the scandal certainly hastened his departure from office

12、.有關(guān)這件丑聞的消息當然加速了他的離職。elevatorn. C a machine that carries people or goods up and down in a building 電梯It's on the sixth floorlet's take the elevator.它在六層,讓我們坐電梯吧。Some people were trapped in the elevator.有些人被困在了電梯里。blurn. C sth. that one cannot remember or see clearly 模糊的記憶;模糊不清的事物The events of

13、 that day were just a blur.那天所發(fā)生的事情簡直就是一片模糊,記不清楚。My memory of my childhood days is only a blur.我對童年只有些模糊的記憶。idlea. not working or producing anything 不工作的;閑著的The workers have been idle for the last six months.在過去的六個月,這些工人們都閑著沒事干。The machine stood idle for two months.機器閑置了兩個月。borevt. make sb. lose int

14、erest and become tired and impatient 使厭煩He bores everyone with his stories about his girlfriends.他老講自己女朋友的故事,使每個人都感到厭倦。Being alone with a baby all day bored her to death.整天一個人和一個嬰兒在一起使她厭倦死了。boreda. tired and impatient 厭煩的It was a cold, wet day and the children were bored.那天很冷,又潮濕,孩子們都煩悶了。He was gett

15、ing bored with doing the same thing every day.每天都做同樣的事,他變得厭倦了。continuityn. U the state of continuing for a period of time 連貫(性;連續(xù)(性The novel fails to achieve narrative continuity.這部小說在敘述的連貫性上是失敗的。His speech lacks continuity in logic.他的演說缺乏邏輯的連貫性。sustainvt. make sth. continue to exist for a period of

16、 time 維持;使.持續(xù)She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech.她設(shè)法使得每個人的興趣都保持到她演講結(jié)束。Kangaroos can sustain high speeds over long distances. 袋鼠能高速行進很長的距離。minutea. very small 極小的Her writing's so minute that it's difficult to read.她的字跡太小了,很難認。The problem was caused by mi

17、nute particles of dust getting in the disk drive.問題是由進入到磁盤驅(qū)動器上的灰塵微粒引起的。discountvt. 1. regard sth. as unlikely to be true or important 忽視;低估You shouldn't discount the possibility of him coming back.你們不應(yīng)該不相信他回來的可能性。Much of what he says must be discounted.他說的很多話不可信。2. reduce the price of sth. 降低價格;

18、打折The store discounts all its merchandise.這家商店的所有商品都打折。He asked to discount 15% from the price.他要求打八五折。n. C a reduction in the usual price of sth. 折扣They usually give you a discount if you buy more than ten copies.如果你買十本以上,他們通常給你打折扣。They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students.他們向乘火車

19、旅行的學(xué)生提供九折優(yōu)惠。plotn. 1. C the story of a book, film, play, etc. (小說、電影、戲劇等的情節(jié)The film has a very simple plot.這部電影的情節(jié)非常簡單。The plots of his books are basically all the same.他寫的書在情節(jié)上基本都是一樣的。2. C a secret plan 陰謀;密謀The plot was discovered before it was carried out.這密謀還沒進行就已被發(fā)現(xiàn)。The police have foiled a plo

20、t to assassinate the President.警方挫敗了一起暗殺總統(tǒng)的陰謀。moviemakern. C sb. who makes films, esp. a director or producer 電影制作人Among the audience were moviemaker Jim Sheridan and some movie stars.觀眾中有電影制作人吉姆·謝里登和一些電影明星。It's about time a few moviemakers with original ideas were given a chance.該是給那些具有新見解

21、的電影制作人機會的時候了。distincta. 1. clearly different or belonging to a different type 明顯不同的;獨特的The two concepts are quite distinct from each other.這兩個概念是有明顯區(qū)別的。The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct from each other.這兩個組的學(xué)習(xí)需要是相當不同的。2. able to be clearly seen, heard, smelled, etc. 清晰的;清楚的;明顯的

22、The outline of the ship became more distinct.船的輪廓變得更清楚了。As night fell, the outline of the mountain became less distinct.夜幕降臨,山巒的輪廓變得不那么清楚了。spotlightn. C 聚光燈The room was lit by spotlights.聚光燈照亮了房間。She stood alone on stage in the spotlight.她獨自一個人站在舞臺的聚光燈下。junglen.C, U a thick tropical forest with many

23、 large plants growing very close together (熱帶叢林The lakes are certainly there but they are hidden in dense jungle.湖肯定在那兒,不過是隱藏在密林之中。When the police hit the shore, they fled into the jungle. 當警察到達河岸時,他們逃進了叢林。fraudn. C, U the crime of deceiving sb. in order to get money or sth. illegally 欺詐;詐騙She was c

24、harged with credit card fraud.她被指控用信用卡詐騙。Big losses due to theft and fraud forced the company to close.由于偷竊和欺詐造成的巨大損失,這家公司倒閉了。contaminatevt. make sth. dirty or poisonous 污染;弄臟Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste.那海岸的許多地方已被核廢料污染了。The food which had been contaminated was destroyed.

25、 被污染的食品已經(jīng)被銷毀了。underlinevt. 1. draw a line under a word to show that it is important 在.下劃線All the technical words have been underlined in red.所有的技術(shù)詞匯下面都用紅色劃了線。Don't forget to underline the title of the essay.別忘了在文章標題下劃線。2. emphasize; show that sth. is important 強調(diào),使突出She underlined the seriousnes

26、s of the situation.她強調(diào)了形勢的嚴峻性。To underline their disgust, the crowd started throwing bottles at the stage.為了強調(diào)他們的厭惡,人群開始向舞臺扔瓶子了。uncompromisinga. unwilling to change one's opinions or behavior 不妥協(xié)的;不讓步的He has a reputation for being tough and uncompromising.他因頑強、不妥協(xié)出名。At work, George was known as

27、an uncompromising businessman.在工作上,喬治是一個決不讓步的商人。objectvi. oppose or disapprove of sth. 反對;不贊成Would anyone object if we start the meeting now?如果我們現(xiàn)在開始開會,有人反對嗎?No one objected when the boss said it was time to go home.當老板說該回家了時,沒有人表示反對。accusevt. say that sb. is guilty of a crime or of doing sth. bad 指

28、控;控告"It wasn't my fault.""Don't worry, I'm not accusing you."“這不是我的過錯。”“別擔心,我不是在指責你。”He's been accused of robbery. 他被控搶劫。banquetn. C a formal dinner for many people on an important occasion 宴會A banquet was planned to celebrate the victory.為慶祝勝利,計劃舉行一個宴會。That night

29、 there was a state banquet.那天晚上舉行了一場國宴。suevt. make a legal claim against sb., esp. for money 起訴;控告The company is suing a former employee.該公司正在起訴一個前雇員。He threatened to sue them if the work was not completed.如果工作完不成,他威脅要起訴他們。attorneyn. C a lawyer 律師Simpson answered questions from his defense attorney

30、for nearly three hours.辛普森回答了將近三小時自己辯護律師提出的問題。Other investors have hired attorneys and are deciding whom to sue.其他投資者已經(jīng)雇了律師,正在決定要起訴誰。secondvt. support a suggestion made by another person in a meeting 支持;附議The motion was proposed by the club's chairman and seconded by the secretary.這提案是俱樂部主席提出的,并

31、得到了秘書的支持。"Will anyone second this motion?""I second it, Mr. Chairman."“有誰支持這項蹋提議?”“主席先生,我附議?！眆inevt. make sb. pay money as a punishment 罰.的款Drivers who exceed the speed limit can expect to be fined heavily.超速駕駛的司機會受到重罰。They fined him $100 for threatening behavior.因為威脅性的舉止,他被他們罰了1

32、00美金。expelvt. force sb. to leave a school or organization 開除;驅(qū)逐The government has expelled some diplomats.政府已將一些外交官驅(qū)逐出境。My brother was expelled from school for bad behavior. 我弟弟因為行為不端被學(xué)校開除了。justifyvt. show that there is a good reason for sth. that other people think is unreasonable 證明.有道理;為.辯護How do

33、 you justify your rude behavior?你如何為你的粗魯舉止辯解呢?We can't justify spending any more money on this project.我們沒有理由再在這個項目上花費更多的錢了。single-mindeda. having one clear aim and working very hard to achieve it 一心一意的;專一的She is very single-minded about her career.她專一于自己的事業(yè)。Her single-minded commitment to the j

34、ob meant that she had little time left for her family.她對工作一心一意的奉獻意味著她很少有時間留給自己的家庭。novelistn. C sb. who writes novels 小說家A famous novelist gave a speech at the opening ceremony.在開幕式上,一位知名小說家發(fā)了言。musiciann. C sb. who performs or writes music, esp. as a job 音樂家;樂手Ellen is one of our most talented young

35、musicians.埃倫是我們最有天賦的年青音樂家之一。desperatea. 1. needing or wanting sth. very much 極需要的;極向往的The team is desperate for a win.這個隊極需要一場勝利。He was desperate to get a job.他非常想得到一份工作。2. very worried and willing to do anything to change a bad situation 絕望的;拼命的I had no money left and was desperate.我沒有錢了,感到很絕望。Time

36、 was running out and we were getting desperate.時間不斷流逝,我們開始不顧一切。desperatelyad. 1. very much 非常She always seems to be desperately busy!她看上去總是非常忙。I'm not desperately keen on watching football.我并不酷愛看足球。2. in a worried or angry way 絕望地;拼命地The doctors tried desperately to save her life.醫(yī)生拼命地要拯救她的生命。He

37、 looked round desperately for someone to help him. 他絕望地朝四周看了看,希望有人幫助他。alasad. unfortunately 不幸的是;遺憾的是I love football but, alas, I have no talent as a player.我喜歡足球,可是,真遺憾,我沒有足球隊員的天賦。For many people, alas, hunger is part of everyday life. 對許多人來說,很不幸,饑餓是日常生活的一部分。at besteven when considered in the most

38、positive way 充其量;至多At best she would become disabled; at worst she would die.最樂觀地看,她會變殘廢;最糟糕的話,她會死去。He was, at best, a second-class writer.他充其量是一個二流作家。run a/the riskbe in a situation in which sth. bad could happen 冒險;有.風險He ran the risk of losing his job by criticizing his boss.他冒著丟飯碗的風險批評了他的老板。If y

39、ou keep working in such a temperature, you will run a risk of getting heat stroke.如果你在這樣的溫度下繼續(xù)工作,就有中暑的危險。remain/be true tocontinue to be loyal to sb. or sth. 忠于He remains true to his principle.他忠于自己的原則。We are true to our cultural traditions.我們忠于我們的文化傳統(tǒng)。object tooppose or disapprove of sth. 反對;不贊成Rob

40、son strongly objected to the terms of the contract.羅布森強烈反對合同中的條款。I objected to having to rewrite the article.我反對重寫這篇文章。accuse sb. of sth.say that sb. has done sth. wrong or is guilty of sth. 指控;控告Some parents are accused of being careless with their children's health.人們指責有些家長不關(guān)心孩子的健康。throw outma

41、ke sb. leave a place, school, organization, etc. because they have done sth. against the rules 開除;解雇Their trade union was instructed to find jobs for those thrown out of work.他們的工會接到指示要為那些失去工作的人找到工作。These two famous sportsmen were thrown out of the Olympics after failing drug tests.這兩位著名的運動員由于沒有通過藥檢

42、被逐出奧運會。unit3rawa. not processed, treated, or cooked 未經(jīng)加工的;天然的;生的raw material原材料I prefer to eat vegetables raw, not cooked.我喜歡生吃蔬菜,不要煮。wheelchairn. C a chair on wheels for people who can't walk to get around 輪椅He spent the last ten years of his life in a wheelchair.他在輪椅上度過了一生中的最后10年。He is so weak

43、 he can't leave home and hates to sit in his wheelchair.他身體很虛弱,不能離開家,而且他討厭坐輪椅。pensionn. C an amount of money paid regularly by the government or a company to sb. who no longer works because of age or illness 養(yǎng)老金;撫恤金He finds it hard to live on his pension.他發(fā)現(xiàn)靠撫恤金生活很困難。He won't be able to draw

44、 his pension until he's 65.他在65歲以前不可能支取養(yǎng)老金。caseworkern. C a social worker who works to help people with social problems 社會工作者I stayed, first as a volunteer then as a caseworker.我先是作為一名志愿者,然后是作為一名社會工作者留下的。I've now understood what a caseworker is doing.我現(xiàn)在明白社會工作者是從事什么工作的了。rentn. C an amount of

45、 money sb. pays regularly for the use of a room, house, car, etc. that is owned by sb. else 租金We let the spare room at a monthly rent of $100.我們把空房間以每月100美元的價格出租了。I pay a higher rent than the other tenants because my room is bigger.因為我的房間比較大,我付的租金比其他房客高。v. pay money regularly for the use of a room,

46、house, car, etc. 租用I rented a car from a garage and drove all around the city.我從車行租了輛車,滿城兜風。The old lady rented us her spare room for $50 a week. 老婦人把空房間以每周50美元的價格出租給我們。optvi. make a choice 選擇;決定Anyone who opted to work full-time was busy six days a week, thirteen hours a day.選擇做全日工的人一周6天都很忙,一天得忙上13

47、個小時。Against his father's advice, Peter opted for business.彼得違背父親的意見,選擇了經(jīng)商。drumv. make a continuous sound by hitting a surface 不停敲擊He kept drumming his fingers on the desk.他不停地用手指敲擊桌子。n. C 鼓the regular beat of the drum有規(guī)律的擊鼓聲temptationn. C, U a desire to do or have sth., esp. sth. that is bad for

48、 you 誘惑,引誘Students should resist the temptation to focus on exams alone.學(xué)生應(yīng)該抵制只注重考試的誘惑。As an actor, he simply has no way to resist the temptation to move to Hollywood.作為一名演員,他根本無法抵制住去好萊塢的誘惑。profilen. 1. C the public image of a person or organization 形象;印象They have done a lot to change the profile of

49、 their company.他們下了很大力氣改變公司形象。The government is trying to keep a low profile on this issue.政府力圖在這個問題上保持低姿態(tài)。2. C a side view of a person's head (人頭部的側(cè)面;側(cè)影She has a good strong profile.她側(cè)面看上去美麗而堅毅。The actor is photographed in profile, smoking a cigarette.這個演員從側(cè)面拍了一張抽煙的照片。high-profilea. attracting

50、a lot of public attention 引人注目的He is a high-profile political star. 他是一個引人注目的政治明星。He is one of football's high-profile chairmen.他是足球界引人注目的主席之一。bowvi. bend one's body forward, esp. to show respect 鞠躬He bowed politely to the host.他禮貌地朝主人鞠躬。The people all bowed down before the Emperor.人們都給皇帝深深鞠

51、躬。n. C the act of bowing 鞠躬She gave a deep bow to the audience.她向觀眾深深地鞠了一躬。compensationn. 1. C, U sth. used to balance or reduce the bad effects of a damage, loss, injury, etc. 補償;彌補Compensation of injured workers has cost the company a lot.對受傷工人的補償花費了公司不少錢。You should claim compensation.你應(yīng)該要求賠償。2. U

52、 money that sb. receives because sth. bad has happened to them 補償金;賠償金She received $50,000 in compensation.她得到了5萬美金的補償費。She was awarded $350,000 compensation for her injuries.判定賠償她受傷補償費35萬美金。liberaln. C sb. who accepts different opinions or ways of behaving 思想開明的人He liked to think of himself as a li

53、beral.他喜歡視自己為思想開明的人。As a liberal, he'd like to listen to the different opinions about the matter.作為一名思想開明的人,他想聽聽對這件事的不同看法。a. willing to accept different opinions or ways of behaving 心胸寬廣的;開明的a man of liberal views思想觀點開明的人Her parents were far more liberal than mine.他父母比我父母開明得多。detectiven. C sb. w

54、ho tries to discover information about a crime and find the criminal 偵探Detectives have finally tracked down the killer.偵探們最終追捕到了殺手。He worked as a private detective for the company.他為這家公司當私人偵探。shortsn. (pl. short trousers ending at or above the knees 短褲pastevt. stick sth. to sth. else or in a specifi

55、ed place 粘貼Please paste a label on the box.請在盒子上貼一張標簽。The walls were pasted with pictures of movie stars.墻壁上貼滿了電影明星的照片。n. U a kind of glue made of flour and water 漿糊wallpaper paste墻紙漿糊When I put wallpaper up I got paste all over my hands and clothes.我貼墻紙時手上和衣服上全都沾滿了漿糊。receiptn. C a written statement

56、 showing that you have paid for sth. 收據(jù),收條Make sure you are given a receipt for everything you buy.一定要確保你買的每樣?xùn)|西都有一張收據(jù)。I paid the bill and he gave me a receipt.我付了賬單,他給了我一張收據(jù)。donationn. C money or goods that you give to a person or an organization in order to help them 捐贈物;捐款They received a large don

57、ation to the school.他們收到了給這所學(xué)校的大筆捐款。She gave/made a donation of $200 to the Children's Hospital.她捐贈200美元給兒童醫(yī)院。hipn. C the part on each side of human body between the top of the leg and the waist 臀(部;髖(部crawlvi. 1. move along on hands and knees or with the body close to the ground 爬行;匍匐前進The child crawled across t