高考語法講座課件冠詞

1、冠詞冠詞一一.冠詞冠詞類別類別形式形式用法概述用法概述不定冠詞不定冠詞a表示泛指表示泛指,意義同意義同one用于以輔音發(fā)音開用于以輔音發(fā)音開頭的單詞或字母前頭的單詞或字母前an用于以元音發(fā)音開用于以元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞或字母前頭的單詞或字母前定冠詞定冠詞the表示特指，其意義同表示特指，其意義同this/that/these/those注意注意：用用a還是用還是用an取決于單詞的第一個發(fā)音，取決于單詞的第一個發(fā)音，而不是字母。如而不是字母。如: an hour, a university1. 不定冠詞的用法不定冠詞的用法(1) 表示初次提到的人或物。表示初次提到的人或物。 如如: A boy i

2、s waiting for you. A thief was caught by a policeman just now. (2) 表示一類人或物表示一類人或物 如：如： A horse is an animal. A knife can be used for cutting.(3) 用于某些不可數(shù)名詞前，表示某種具體的用于某些不可數(shù)名詞前，表示某種具體的情況或事物。情況或事物。如：如：He has a wide knowledge of history. I want an ice-cream. (一份冰淇淋）一份冰淇淋）(4) 用于姓氏前表示不認識的用于姓氏前表示不認識的“一個姓一個姓

3、.的的人人/叫叫的人的人”、“某家庭的成員某家庭的成員”、 “像像 一樣的人一樣的人”或是或是“某人的作品某人的作品”。如如: A Mr. Wang (Gang) called you. His daughter married a Smith. He is a Lu Xun. (5) 用于某些固定詞組或短語中。用于某些固定詞組或短語中。如：如： all of a sudden, in a word, in a hurry, a great deal of, at a discount, many a, at a loss, in a sense, at a distance, keep a

4、diary, once in a while2. 定冠詞的用法定冠詞的用法(1) 表示上文提到過的人或事物。表示上文提到過的人或事物。如如: I saw a boy yesterday. The boy is very tall. (2) 特指雙方都明白的人或物。特指雙方都明白的人或物。如如: Open the door, please. Give me the book. (3) 指世上獨一無二的事物前或由普通名詞組指世上獨一無二的事物前或由普通名詞組成的專有名詞前。成的專有名詞前。如：如：The sun is bigger than the earth. The Peoples Repub

5、lic of China was founded in 1949. The United States and the United Kingdom are developed countries. 注意注意：當前面有形容詞修飾時，：當前面有形容詞修飾時，sun, moon, earth等前也可用等前也可用a/an.如：如：a pale moon, a red sun(4) 與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示一類人或物。與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示一類人或物。如如: The horse is a useful animal.(5) 與復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示整個群體。與復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示整個群體。如：如：

6、They are the teachers of this school. (該校全體教師）該校全體教師）比較：比較：They are teachers of this school. (部部分）分）(6) 用于形容詞用于形容詞/副詞最高級、序數(shù)詞前，及形副詞最高級、序數(shù)詞前，及形容詞容詞only、very、same前。前。如：如：I live on the second floor. He is the same age as you.(7) 用于樂器前。用于樂器前。如如: He plays the piano very well.(8)用于姓氏復數(shù)前，表示一家人或夫婦。用于用于姓氏復數(shù)前，

7、表示一家人或夫婦。用于某些形容詞前，表示一類人。某些形容詞前，表示一類人。如：如：The Smiths are watching TV. The old are taken good care of.(9) 用于江、河、湖、海、群島、山脈前。用于江、河、湖、海、群島、山脈前。如：如：the Yangtze River, the Pacific Ocean, the Taihang Mountains注意：注意：獨山的表達方式通常用獨山的表達方式通常用Mount +名字名字如：如：Mount Tai, Mount Lao (10) 用于用于by后表示計量單位。后表示計量單位。如如： The wa

8、iters are paid by the hour/day. These eggs are sold by the dozen/kilo. (11) 代替物主代詞，用于表示身體部位的名詞代替物主代詞，用于表示身體部位的名詞前。前。如：如：He caught the man by the arm. Tom hit the thief in the face. (12) (12) 用于某些固定詞組或短語中。用于某些固定詞組或短語中。如：如：break the ice, in the rain, on the spot, on the contrary, on the increase3. 不用冠

9、詞（零冠詞）的情況不用冠詞（零冠詞）的情況(1)在專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前一般在專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前一般不用冠詞。不用冠詞。如：如：Failure is the mother of success. We can not live without air. (2) 名詞前已有作定語的指示代詞、物主代詞、名詞前已有作定語的指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞時不用冠詞。不定代詞時不用冠詞。 如如： Pass me that book. The letter is in her bag. Come to see me any day this week. (3) 復數(shù)名詞指一類人或事物不用

10、冠詞。復數(shù)名詞指一類人或事物不用冠詞。 如：如：Horses are useful animals. (4) 季節(jié)、月份、星期和節(jié)日（季節(jié)、月份、星期和節(jié)日（ Day)名稱前名稱前不用冠詞。不用冠詞。如如: Its Sunday today. Mid-Autumn Day falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. 注意：注意：the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival(5) 三餐、球類運動、棋、牌類游戲及學科名三餐、球類運動、棋、牌類游戲及學科名稱前不用冠詞。稱前不用冠詞。 如如：When d

11、o you have lunch? He often plays football. Do you like playing cards/chess?(6)由介詞由介詞by引導的交通工具名詞前不用冠詞。引導的交通工具名詞前不用冠詞。如：如： We traveled by train. (7) turn表示表示“變成變成”時，其后的名詞通常不時，其后的名詞通常不加冠詞。加冠詞。如：如：He was a farmer before he turned writer. (8)在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前不加冠詞。特在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前不加冠詞。特別是表示頭銜的名詞作補語時。別是表示頭銜的名詞作補

12、語時。如：如：We elected him chairman of the meeting. Professor Chen, may I ask you some questions?注意：注意： 當表示任某一職務(wù)的人時其前可以有冠詞。當表示任某一職務(wù)的人時其前可以有冠詞。試比較試比較: :He was made president of the club. The president of France visited China last week. (9)兩個相同及相對的名詞并用時不加冠詞。兩個相同及相對的名詞并用時不加冠詞。 如如：face to face, day and night

13、, father and son, from door to door(10) 某些固定詞組或習慣用語中不用冠詞。某些固定詞組或習慣用語中不用冠詞。如如: at dawn/daybreak /sunset, at work, take place, by mistake, go to town, in danger, on foot, in short, in trouble, on earth, on sale, in time, on time, for example, in honor of, lose (ones) heart, under construction 注意：注意： (

14、1)一人兼有雙重或多重身份時，用一個冠詞。一人兼有雙重或多重身份時，用一個冠詞。如如：The singer and poet is going to visit our school. 比較：比較：The singer and the poet are going to visit our school. (2) 兩件東西配成一套時，通常用一個冠詞。兩件東西配成一套時，通常用一個冠詞。如如：a knife and fork, a needle and thread, a cup and saucer，a watch and chain 5. 高考真題解析高考真題解析(1) （09安徽）安徽）W

15、e can never expect_ bluer sky unless we create_ less polluted world. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the (2) （09北京）北京）The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a(3). （09江西）江西）Some people fear t

16、hat _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a (4). （09海南）海南） Lets go to_ cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for _ whileA. the; the B. the; aC. a; the D. a ; a(5). （09陜西）陜西）What_ pity that you couldnt be there to receive_

17、 prize!A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the(6). （09四川）四川）In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the(7). (（09浙江）浙江）I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A. the; a B. 不填不填; the

18、 C. the; 不填不填 D. a; the(8). （09重慶）重慶）Washing machines made by China have won_ worldwide attention and Haier has become _ popular name.A. a; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a(9). （09全國全國2 ）What I need is _ book that contains _ ABC of oil painting. A. a; 不填不填 B. the; 不填不填 C. the; an D. a; the (10). （08

19、湖南卷）湖南卷）Have you heard _ news？The price of _ petrol is going up again!A. the, the B. 不填，不填，the C. the, 不填不填 D. 不填，不填不填，不填(11). （10北京卷）北京卷）. First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _second chance to make _ first impression.A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a(12). （10福建卷福建

20、卷）Its _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai world expo that gives them _pleasure.A.不填，不填，a B. a,不填不填 C. the ,a D. a, the (13). （10江蘇卷江蘇卷 ）. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for_ new Jiangsu.A.不填不填; a B. 不填不填;the C. the; a D. the; the (14). ( 10遼寧卷遼寧卷). There are over 58, 000 rocky