安徽精英專升本講稿

1、Grammar and WordsWithout grammar, little can be conveyed Without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed.Typical Examples for Grammar1. The stranger robbed his wife.2. He was then bright in the eye.3. Do you have a family?4. Susan is really a cat, so she is the last person I want to see in this city.5.

2、Her mother died of difficult labor.6. He is anything but a scholar.7. You could not have made things worse.8. You cannot be too cautious.9. It never rains but it pours.10. James is not so much a writer as a reporter. Vocabularypaparazziencyclopaediasuperstitiousvivisectionistcountermeasure contamina

3、te telecommunication pajamaextracurricular money laundrying一構(gòu)詞法dis disappear,disagree,dislike,dishonest,discontinue,disconnect, distractmis mistake,mislead,misguide,misbelief,misunderstandforeforehead,foreground,forefather,forecast, foretellpseudo pseudoheart, pseudoscience, pseudonamepre preview,pr

4、edict, preface,preheat,prewar,prehistoryre review,retell,rewrite,rearrange,reorganize, re-emphasize, recreateil/ir illegal,illogical, irregular,immoral,immortalex ex-husband, ex-president, exwifemal malfunction, malnutrition, maltreat-ist tourist, artist, communist, dentistful/lesscareful,careless,u

5、seful,useless,helpful, helpless-ish selfish, foolish, bookish, childish/childlikepost postwar, postgraduate by byproduct,bywork, bypassover overeat,overdress,oversleep,overemphasize-ly manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly二 造詞法1.make maker laptop-maker,car-maker,shoe-maker,watch-maker,TV-maker,law-ma

6、ker,trouble-maker2.-mate deskmate,classmate,roommate,schoolmate,teammate, inmate三 詞尾象形歸類法1. light, right, night, flight, tight, might, sight2. dip, kip, lip, tip, zip,lipstick, the tip of theiceberg3.altitude,latitude, attitude,aptitude,fortitude四擬聲法carnationcuckoogigglesofapuddingcoffeegolf murmur

7、crash crackmeowbow-woobabble/gurgle五形象分析法trysttrysting placeeyebird六縮略詞motel motor and hoteltelecast televisionand broadcastsmog smoke and fogbrunch breakfastand lunch七頭腦風(fēng)暴法First give a certain topic, and then name allthe related words by all people involved such as“ what do you think arequalities o

8、f being a goodlanguageteacher?Can youfindoutasmanyadjectivesas possiblewhichcandescribethequalities of a good teacher?”八聯(lián)想法比如 family第 九同 義 法beautiful,pretty,handsome,good-looking?ugly, plain-looking?doctor, physician, surgeon, dentist十 反義法optimistic?pessimisticmaximum?minimumactive?passivepositive?n

9、egative十一 加長法classicclassicaleconomiceconomicalhistorichistoricalcomiccomicalpoliticpoliticalelectricelectrical十二 動詞詞組break up, down, through, out turn on, off, up, down, out, over十三 收集習(xí)語法1. paint the town redeg.He is going out tonight to paint the town red.2. take up with sbeg.Assheissucha prettywo

10、man,manymenwould like to take upwith her.eg.After he met her at the bar last night, he took up with her.3. write sb/sth offeg.Afterahotargument,shewroteoffherboyfriend.4. Kee p one s nose cleaneg.Thenewly-releasedinmatesaretryingtokeep their noses clean.5. make waveseg.Teenagerstendtomakewaveswithth

11、eirparents and teachers.Many super-starslike to make waves in orderto bekept in the media.6. Play cat and mouseeg. The police played cat and mouse with the criminals.1. 什么是語法？把詞放在一定位置的藝術(shù)。詞法+句法 = 語法2. 語法何用？第一：選詞組句，正確地表達(dá)思想。比如： 我很喜歡英語。I am very like English. I like English very much.（ Love, enjoy, befo

12、nd of, favor, bekeen on, carefor ）我認(rèn)為這本書不值得一讀。I think the book is not worth read.I think the book is not worth reading.I don t think the book is worth reading.石凳上坐著一美女。A beauty was sitting on a stone bench, whoturnedout to be a lady boy,restingherforefingerin her nostril.第二：能準(zhǔn)確地理解英文句子。Nations are no

13、t to be judged by their size any more than individuals.Youth/childhood is like a swiftly passing dream.If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. 參考譯文 如

14、果野心的傳統(tǒng)具有生命力，那么這傳統(tǒng)必會為許多人分享；尤其會受到自己也受人仰慕的人士的青睞，在這些人中受過良好教育的可不占少數(shù)。第三：能夠?qū)懗鼋?jīng)典句子。Yesterday she had a blue heart and coat.He got up early and caught the train and a cold.She opened the door and her heart to him.Kill him and his luggage.第四：能夠?qū)懗龀L句，給讀者以震懾力。It was on a Sunday evening, when he waslying in the

15、orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem that he heard the gateswing to, and saw the girl coming running among the trees, with the red-cheeked, stolid Joe in swift pursuit.參考翻譯：一個星期日的傍晚，他正躺在果園里，一面在聽畫眉鳥的啁啾，一面寫一首愛情詩，忽然聽得大門砰地關(guān)上，接著看見那姑娘從樹叢里奔來，后面飛跟著那呆頭呆腦的紅臉的喬。3. 詞類有多少？首先，單詞是分門別類的，每個詞都屬于

16、某一個詞類，甚至是一個詞有多個詞類。Work, major, access, effect如何確定詞性呢？1 從詞的本身含義看。e.g. Figure n.I saw a figure in the darkness.She has an attractive figure.Vt.How do you figure that?2.從詞形看。AdvertiseAdvertiserAdvertisingAdvertisementCapableCapabilityDisposeDisposalDisposable3.從句法功能看。1 water to drinkTo water red carnat

17、ionsA paperTo paper a bedroom2 If clothes are dirtied, they need to be cleaned and dried.4. 簡單句的 5 大基本句型和 9 大句子成分？5并列句，復(fù)雜句6 簡單句的擴(kuò)展。系動詞分類1）狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be 一詞 。 例如：He is a milkman.2 ）持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有 keep,rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,例如：He always keeps silent at meeting.他開會時總保持沉默。This

18、matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一個謎。3 ）表像系動詞用來表示 看起來像 這一概念，主要有 seem, appear, 例如：He seems (to be) very sad.他看起來很傷心。4 ）感官系動詞感官系動詞主要有 : 看起來 look聽起來 sound聞起來 smell嘗起來 taste摸起來 feel用法如下 :(1)+形容詞（不用副詞）(2)like+ 名詞eg.1.Billsaidthatthemixturetasted_.(terrible, terribly).2.Thedoctorsaidthat thebabydidn lookt_. (he

19、althy, healthily).3.Thegasfromthebottlesmelledvery_.(strange, strangely).4.This kind of cloth feels quite_.(soft,softly).5.Your idea sounds _. (nice, nicely).5 ）變化系動詞這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that.自那之后，他瘋了。She grew rich within a short

20、time.她沒多長時間就富了。6 ）終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, trun out,表達(dá) 證實(shí) ， 變成 之意，例如：The rumor proved false.這謠言證實(shí)有假。His plan turned out a success.他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。（ turn out表終止性結(jié)果）感嘆句練兵：1._noisy they are making!A. WhatB. HowC. How a2._old bike Li Lei is riding!A. What aB. What anC. How3 ._supper we re having today!A. What

21、 a deliciousB. How deliciousC.What delicious4. _ fine weather it is today!A. HowB. What aC. What5. _ useful information it is!A. What anB. HowC. What6._ beautiful music we are listening to!A. HowB. What aC. What7. _ exciting a football match it is!A. WhatB. HowC. What an簡單句基本句型Behavioristssuggesttha

22、tthe childwho is raisedinan environmentwherethereare many stimuliwhichdevelophis or her capacity for proper responses will experience greater intellectual development.第一種SV主謂結(jié)構(gòu) .Things change. .Prices are going up. .His dream came true.2.SVC主系表 .He is in good health. .These flowers smell fragrant. .

23、The milk has turned sour.3. SVO主謂賓 .I want a return ticket. .Nobody could answer the question. .The train is building up speed.4. SvoO .I taughtyou English grammar. .He gaveme a walkman. .David showedme the way.5. SVOC .We elected him our spokesman. .They painted the walls creamy white. .The directo

24、rs appointed him sales manager.6.定語（ Attributive ） 用來限定或修飾名詞或代詞。通常由形容詞或與之相當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任。它可以是一個詞或是幾個詞或者一個詞組，或者是個句子。位置比較靈活，可在名詞前后。(1)That yellowBMW is Mr.Wu s.(2) A very valuable bronze Egyptian cat.(3) The manwho gave us a good lessonyesterdaywas a model worker.(4) After all, he is afive-year-oldboy.(5) Com

25、mercewith other countriescan bring uslots of benefits(6) Please give me a knifeto cut with.7 狀語 (Adverbial)用來修飾動詞 ,形容詞 ,副詞或整個句子 .它常由副詞或與之相當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任。(1)Rose speaks Englishquite fluently .(2)He went to Franceto meet his fiancee .(3) If I have some spare time, I will take upKorean.(4)When I grow up, I am

26、going to be a bullfighter.8.同位語它位于名詞或名詞性短語之后，說明其內(nèi)容。常由名詞、名詞性短語或從句擔(dān)任。如：(1)The old lady always murmurs that is ， speaksin a very low voice(2)The next night ，the blackesthe had ever known ，the sea became so rough that the boat almostturned over 句子的種類按照用途分為四類：1. 陳述句（肯定或否定）如：(1) We love our motherland.(2)

27、 As they say, when the age is in, the wit is out.2. 疑問句用來提出問題，它又可分為四類 :一般疑問句(1) Do they like playing PC games?- Yes, they do.(2) Have you a wrist watch?-No, I haven t.特殊疑問句(1)Who is singing in the dormitory?(2)What are you doing now?(3) Why do they like playing golf?(4) When did you get the very job

28、?選擇疑問句(1) Shall we go by bus or by train?(2) Do you love chess or snooker?反義疑問句(3)Peter smokes a lot, doesn t he?(4)Linda isn t a college student, is she?3.祈使句(1)Copy the exercise in your notebook.(2)Don be tafraidof making grammaticalmistakes.(3) Let s take the thief to the police! 4. 感嘆句(1) What a

29、 place it is!(2) What nonsense!(3) How foolish they are!(4) How hard he studies!(5) How beautiful your T- shirt is!2.并列句（ Compound Sentence）它包括兩個或兩個以上并列而又相互獨(dú)立的簡單句。其結(jié)構(gòu)為 “SP+ 連詞 +SP”。連接兩個概念常見的 and, so, therefore, notonlybut also不 neither等nor。如：(1)I think, therefore I am.(2)She not onlywrites her own p

30、lays, she also actsin them.常見的有 or, otherwise, or else, 表示兩者選其一eitheror.如：(1) Either he is to blame or I am.(2) You must go to work or/ or else/ otherwise youwill get the bird. 表示矛盾或?qū)φ粘Ｒ姷挠?but, yet, still,however, while, whereas等。(1) I am ugly, but I am very gentle.(2) I drink black coffee while he

31、prefers it withcream.3.復(fù)合句（ Complex Sentence）它由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。如：(1) I was about to leave, when the telephone rang.(2) The students would have made better grades if they had studied hard.并列復(fù)合句指的是并列句中含有一個或多個從句。如：(1)AltogetherBeethoven wrote ninesymphonies,but most of them were writtenafterhehad los

32、this hearing.2.I asked a man who has a wifeand threechildrenwho did the cooking in his houseand he repliedthat whoever came home from work first did it.簡單句的擴(kuò)展成份簡單句的主語、賓語可以加上一個短語（如定語）來擴(kuò)展，及物動詞或不及物動詞也可以與其它短語 （如狀語）連用進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。如下：1. I bought a rain coat with a warm lining.2. The dog jumped through the window.

33、3. He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.4. He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday .5. A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put threebottles of milk quietly on my doorstepbeforeseven o clock.6. The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.The end專升本真題1. They succeeded at las

34、t after adopting an _method.A. effect B. affect C. effective D. efficient 2. The population of China is bigger than _ .A. IndiaB. IndiasC. the one of IndiaD. that of Indiae.g. The ears of a rabbit are longer than_ of afox.3. David makes about $2,000 a month as an engineer in a company.Besides, he ha

35、s another _ of income by writingtechnical books in his spare time.A. resourceB. sourceC. courseD. result4.Television can be a _ for Spreadinginformation.A. middleB. mediumC. mediaD. mere5. The fabric in not real silk, only an imitation. Here “imitation ”means _.A. 假裝B. 效法C. 模擬D. 模仿品6. He was disappo

36、inted so often that he became_.A. hopelessnessB. hopelesslyC. hopefulD. hopeless7. When I saw her facial _, I knew she wasangry.A. appearanceB. expressionC. lookingD. feeling8. She earns a high _ as a doctor.A. salaryB. wagesC. moneyD. payment9. According to the doctor, the old lady was in a helples

37、s _.A. placeB. locationC. SpaceD. situation10. At the age of eighteen, he decided to take politics as his_ .A. arrangeB. taskC. workD. career11. The wounded tiger ran into bushes, Leaving a_ of blood.A. tailB. trainC. tradeD. trail12. Is there any _ theyll ever find a cure for thecommon cold?A. pros

38、pectiveB. prospectC. prosperityD. prosperous名詞掌握：1. 特殊名詞怎樣變復(fù)數(shù)。2. 容易誤用的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞。3. 名詞修飾名詞。4. 名詞的格。一、特殊名詞怎樣變復(fù)數(shù)1. 復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)1由 c.n + pr ep/pr ep 短語 構(gòu)成 。變 為 ns。p as ser-b ypas s er s-b yloo ker-onlo okers -o ned ito r-i n -ch ief editor s- in -c hi effath er-in -lawfather s -in -law2 如果復(fù)合名詞中沒有 n 中心詞，那么再詞尾 + s

39、 就可以了。 如：stand -b ys tan d -by sbr eak -d ow nbr eak -dow nssit-i nsit-i nsgr ow n -u pgr ow n -u ps3 如果是 由 m an/w o m an + n 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，那么前后都要變成復(fù)數(shù) 。 如： Cus to m er sm anteach erm enteach ersm an ser vantm enserv ant sw om an c us to merw o m enw om an d octorw om en d octor s2. 單復(fù)同形的名詞常見的有：s h eep ，de

40、er , fis h , m eans , s p ecies , j in , li, m u , yu an , jiao, fen etc .one s heepfive s heepon e deerten deer3 jin4m u100 y u an1 do llar20 d o llar s3. 外來詞的復(fù)數(shù)變法1 變 si s為 s esb asisb as esc r is isc risest hes isthesesan alys isan alys esdi agn os i sd iagn o ses2 變 um /o n 為 ad atumdatam ediumm

41、ed iac urr iculumcu rr ic u lac riterioncr iter iapheno m enon p h en o m en a二、容易誤用的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞1. 容易誤用為復(fù)數(shù)的不可數(shù)名詞。 in for m atio n , advic e, fur n itu re, equipm ent, m ac h iner y, s cen er y, jew elr y, spir it, lu g g ag e, l ig ht ,b agg age, br ead, p aper, air, fun , p overty, p ro g ress , vir tu e

42、, luc k , traffi c, fo li age .2. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式 s 結(jié)尾，實(shí)為單數(shù)的名詞 。ec onom ics ， politi cs , p hys ic s , m ec han ic s, electro nic s, statis tics , o ptic s , n ew s ,m eans,m easles, d iabetes ,ric k ets, The New Yor k Tim es3. 有些不可數(shù)名詞也可作單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)用。意 思也相應(yīng)的改變。paper 紙張 paper s 文件、論文co ffee 咖啡 c offees幾杯咖啡lig ht 光線

43、 ligh ts燈green 綠色 gr een s青菜sp ir it 精神 s p ir its烈酒、情緒for c e 力量 forc es軍隊(duì)c u stom風(fēng)俗 c u st om s海關(guān)4. 不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示數(shù)量怎么辦？答：一般用 “數(shù) 字 +計(jì)量單位 +of +名詞 ”表示。 如：a p iec e of n ew s /m eat/p aper/ad v ic elu gg age/ infor m atio na s u m o f m o n eya s et of equ ip m ent 10 s ets of equipm enta p air of g lass

44、 es/ sciss o rs /s ho es5 p airs of gl as s es / sc is s or s/ s ho es三 、名詞修飾名詞1. 一名詞修飾另外一個名詞時，一般用單數(shù)。如： fam ily plann in g ， hu m an rig hts，head nu rs e, b lo o d press ure, d r es s sh op, tom at o ju ic e, c redi t c ard , fir e eng ine, health c enter , i den tit y car d, m in eral w ater, pr es

45、 s c on fer en ce, pac kag e holiday, peace talks , s c ience fictio n, c olor filmem erg enc y ro om ,2. 也有特殊情況，用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。很少。spor t s meet ing， good s t r ain t alks t able， cust oms of f icer c ommodit ies f air ， clot hesb r ush， savings bank四、名詞的所有格有生命的名詞用 s 格1. 一般的名詞后加 sw om en s c lo th esthe p r

46、o fes so rs sp eech2. 以s 或 es 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只需加 the m as s es ad vicethe tw o bo ysm o ther3. 復(fù)合名詞在最后一個詞的詞尾加 s h is s o n -in -law s ph otothe c o m m an d er -in -chiefs repo r t4. 如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有，在后一名詞后加 s, 如果分別所有，則兩個名詞后都需加 s 。Helen and Tom s m o th er 共有媽媽 M ar y an d J ane s bed roo m 共有房間M ar ys an d J a

47、ne s roo m分別都有各自的房間5. 在“店鋪”或“某家人 ”的名詞所有格中，通常省略其后的的名詞，以s結(jié)尾即可 。th e b ar ber sth e tailo rsthed o ctor sth e g ro cersth e b akersthe bu tc her sthes tationersher aun tsMr . Gr een s6. 表示時間、距離、國家、城鎮(zhèn)的無生命的名詞其所有格也應(yīng)加 s來構(gòu)成 。S hen zhen s co m p an iesC hinasagr ic ultu rean h ou rs sp eechten m in utesd riv

48、e無生命的名詞用 o f + n如：the fr ont gate of th e sch oolthe of fic es of th e firmthe co v er o f th e n o velthe co n tents of the tex tbo okth e w indow s o f the c lassr oo m The End什么是主謂一致？答：謂語動詞在“人稱 ”和“數(shù) ”兩方面和主語保持一致。即 復(fù)數(shù)主語決定了復(fù)數(shù)謂語，單數(shù)主語要求用單數(shù)謂語。用 be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空? T he fruit like apples, oranges _ good for ou

49、r health.? T here _ a little sheep eating grass on the hill.? B etween the two buildings _ a big tree.三大指導(dǎo)原則第一：語法一致形式上：主單謂單主復(fù)謂復(fù)? Much money is wasted on the project.2. Moststudentsin EliteSchoolare intelligentanddiligent in my class.第二：意義一致1.The news is surprising.2.Five years is a long time to wait for an answer3.His family is a five-good