week 2-英語__各種運算表達

1、How to Say Various Formulas in English for Science and TechnologyYu Numbers-fractions1/2a half 或 one half1/3a third 或 one third2/3two thirds1/4a quarter 或 one quarter; a fourth 或 one fourth1/10a tenth 或 one tenth1/100 a (one) hundredth1/1000 a (one) thousandth1/1234 one over a thousand two hundred a

2、nd thirty-four3/4three fourths 或 three quarters4/5four fifths 或 four over five113/300one hundred and thirteen over three hundredNumbers-fractions122two and a half728two and seven over eight 或 two and seven eights138three and a eighth 143four and a third31254a (one) hundred twenty-five and three four

3、ths (quarters)Number-Decimal0.1(及.1)O point one 或 zero point one 或 nought point one0.01(及.01)O point O one 或 zero point zero one 或 nought point nought one0.25(及.25)nought point two five 或 point two five0.045decimal (point) nought four five2.35two point three five9 . 4 four point nine recurring6203.

4、3three point nought three two six, two six recurring45.67four five (forty-five) point six seven38.72three eight point seven two 或 thirty-eight decimal seven two0.001(及.001)O point O O one 或 nought point nought nought one或zero point zero zero one 或 point nought nought oneOperatorplus; positiveminus;

5、negativeplus or minusminus or plus(及)multiplied by; timesdivided by=is equal to; equalsis identically equal tois approximately equal to; approximately equalsis equivalent to maps into, yield ,arrow, approaches limit（, ）:ratio of Operator( )round brackets；parentheses square (angular) brackets bracesi

6、ntersectionunionis member of setis a subset of 或empty setthereforebecauseOperatori 或 jimaginary 或 square root of -1!xfactorial xthe sum of the terms indicated; summation of; sigmathe product of the terms indicatedinfinityFvector Faangle aaright angle aSuperscript&Subscriptbb primebb double prime

7、; b second primebb triple prime1bb sub onembb sub mxx dotxx two dotsmbb double prime sub mFunctionlognxlog x to the base n10logxlog x to the base 10 (即 common logarithm)loglnexx或log x to the base e (即 natural logarithm 或 Naperian logarithm)nx.x x x to n factors; the nth power of x, x to the power n1

8、nnxx或the nth root of x, x to the power one over nxax approaches the limit a|xthe absolute value of xxthe mean value of x; x barFunctionf 或Ffunction( );( ); ( ).f x F xxfunction f (或) of x( )yf xy is a function of x(finite difference或increment) deltaxx 或(the increment of x) delta xdx(an increment of

9、x considered as tending to zero) dee of x; dee x; differential xxdyD ydx或the differential coefficient of y with respect to x; the first derivative of y with 22d ydxthe second derivative of y with respect to xFunctionnnd ydxn th derivative of y with respect to xyuthe partial derivative of y with resp

10、ect to u, where y is a function of u and another variable (or variables)( )F xthe first derivative of function F of x with respect to xijkxyz;del; nabla; vector differential operatornnth del (nabla)integralcontour integralFunctionsurface integralvolume integralbaintegral between limits a and blimlim

11、it Function1sinx(the principal value of the angle whose sine is x) arc sine of xsinh x the hyperbolic sine of xsin xsine x;sine of xcos xcosine x; cosine of xtangent x; tangent of an angletan xcot xcotangent of x或csc xsec xarc cosine of xUnit tonggramozouncelbpoundtcwthundredweightsecsecondminminute

12、hrhourwkweekmthmonthyryearmmetreininchftfootydyard2msquare metrecubic metre 3mL litreweighttimedistanceareavolumemphmiles per hourm/smetre per secondl/hrlitre per hourrpmrevolutions per minute speedhectareha.unitconcentration%percentper millemolppmppbmoleparts per million parts per billion temperatu

13、reKdegree Centigradedegree FahrenheitKelvinenergyJjoulecalcaloriewattwpshorsepowerAAmpereVvoltOhmWbTWeberTeslaCCoulombNPanewtonBaratmkgfkilogram forcepascalpounds per square inchpsiatmospherepressureforceelectricity and electronictorr國際單位制中用以表示十進制倍數(shù)的詞頭及符號詞 頭符 號中 文 名數(shù) 值teraT垓；千京；兆兆1012gigaG京；千兆109meg

14、aM兆106kilok千103hectoh百102deca(deka)da十10decid分10-1centic厘10-2millim毫10-3micro微10-6nanon纖；毫微10-9picop沙；毫纖；微微10-12femtof塵；毫沙；毫微微10-15attoa渺；毫塵；微微微10-18Examples1 Terametre 垓米 兆兆 = 1 Tm = 1,000,000,000,000 m =1012 metres1 Gigametre 京米 千兆=1 Gm = 1,000,000,000 m =109 metres 1 Megametre兆米百萬米 =1 Mm = 1,000,

15、000 m =106 metres 1 Hectokilometre 十萬米 =1 hkm = 100,000 m =105 metres1 Myriametre萬米 =1 mam = 10,000 m =104 metres1 Kilometre公里千米 =1 km = 1,000 m =103 metres1 Hectometre百米 =1 hm = 100 m =102 metres1 Decametre十米 =1 dam = 10 m =10 metresExamples1 Metre米 =1 m = 1 m =1 metre1 Decimetre分米 =1 dm = 1/10 m =

16、10-1 metre1 Centimetre厘米 =1 cm = 1/100 m =10-2 metre1 Millimetre毫米 =1 mm = 1/1,000 m =10-3 metre1 DecirnilIimetre絲米 =1 dmm = 1/10,000 m =10-4 metre1 Ceptimillimetre忽米 =1 cmm =1/100,000 m =10-5 metre1 Microtnetre微米 =1 m = 1/1,000,000 m =10-6 metre1 Nanometre毫微米 =1 nm = 1/1,000,000,000 m =10-9 metre1

17、Picometre微微米 =1 pm = 1/1,000,000,000,000 m =10-12 metre1 micron微米 =1 =10-6 m =10-4 cm =10-3 mm1 millimicrnn 毫微米 = 1 m=10-9m =10-7cm =10-6mm=10-3英美大數(shù)命名異同數(shù) 名美英數(shù) 名美英million106106duodecillion10391072billion1091012tredecillion10421078trillion10121018quattuordecillion10451086quadrillion10151024quindecilli

18、on10481090quintillion10181030sexdecillion10511096sextillion10211036septendecillion105410102septillion10241042octodecillion105710108octillion10271048novemdecillion106010114nonillion10301054vigintillion106310120decillion10331060centillion1030310600undecillion10361066Greek letter 大寫 小寫名稱讀音Alpha?lfBeta?

19、bi:tGamma?gmDelta?deltEpsilonep ?sailnZeta? zi:tEta?i:tTheta? i:tIotaai ?out Kappa?kpaLambda ?lmdGreek letter Mumju:Nunju:XigzaiOmicronou ?maikrnPipaiRhorou, Sigma?sigmTauUpsilonju:p ?sailn PhifaiChikaiPsipsaiomega?oumigExercises xy()abx plus ybracket a plus b bracket closedaba equals b; a is equal

20、to b; a is baba is not equal to b; a is not baba plus or minus baba is approximately equal to baba is greater than bba a is much far greater than baba is greater than or equal to bExercises aba is greater than or equal to ba ba is not greater than baba is less than baba is much less than baba is les

21、s than or equal to ba ba is not less than baba is perpendicular to bx x approaches infinityaba is identically equal to b; a is of identity to b/ /aba is parallel to babthe difference between a and bExercises 1 11 once one is one2 24twice two is four6 530 six times multiplied by five equals is equal

22、to; are; makes; make thirty306 5thirty is five times as large as sixsvts equals is equal to v multiplied by t; s equals v times t1:2 the ratio of one to two123412 divided by 3 equals is 420:516:4the ratio of 20 to 5 equals the ratio of 16 to 4; 20 is to 5 as 16 is to 4: : :a bc da is to b as c is to

23、 da b c a plus b is are; equals; is equal to cExercises cbac minus b is equals; is equal to a; b from c leaves asvtv equals s divided by t，v is s over t7312 7 plus 3 is less than 12127312 is greater than 7 plus 372 165672 minus 16 is equals; is equal to56; 16 from 72 leaves 562x x square; x squared;

24、 the square of x; the second power of x; x to the second power2525the second power of 5 is 25; 5 square is 25; the square of 5 is 25; 5 to the second power is equal to 253yy cube; y cubed; the cube of y; y to the third power; y to the third10y y to the minus tenth (power)Exercises42 the square root

25、of 4 is equals plus or minus 23athe cube root of a52xthe fifth root of x square518the square root of five hundred and eighteen3930the cubic root of nine hundred and thirty35x three times x equals 5325xyx raised to the third power divided by five equals y squared2210 xyx squared with y squared equals

26、 10Exercises()abcdef a plus b minus c multiplied by d, all divided by e equals f51(863.88 4)282eight plus six and five-eighths minus three decimal point eight eight multiplied by four, all divided by two and a half45672319813余23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13 remainder4570 15226745, 70 and 152 add

27、ed together are 267Exercises2%two percent5five per mille3%8three eighths (of one) per0.3%point three percent12tonhalf a ton23tontwo thirds of a ton34kmthree quarters of a kilometerExercises1.75kmone point seven five kilometers60mphsixty miles per hour7200rpmseventy-two hundreds revolutions per minut

28、e20twenty degrees66 minutes 6 feet10 10 seconds 10 inches0zero degree Centigrade Celsius100one a hundred degrees Centigrade32thirty-two degrees FahrenheitFrequently Used Latin AbbreviationsLatin Word AbbreviationsEnglish meaningcircaca.about et alii,et eliaeet al. and other Vide infrav.i.See belowEx

29、empli gratiae.g.For exampleNota beneN.B. or n.b.Take noticeVide licetvizNamely;that isVice versav.v.The other way roundMathematical Ex.1It is generally read as: Eight plus six and five eighths minus three point eighty-eight multiplied by four, all divided by two and a half 212)488. 38568(Mathematica

30、l Ex.2 It is read as: Little a times r to the n minus one power plus the cube root of x, equals big A plus B over T, plus T over log R to the base ten.RTTBAxarnlg31Mathematical Ex.3The integral from zero to pi over two of dee x over one plus times cosine of x, plus the sum from r equals zero to r eq

31、uals n of the quantity n things taken r at a time squared, equals the integral from x equals zero to x equals b of the function f of x times dee xThe integral from zero to pi over two of the quantity one over one plus times cosine of x with respect to x, plus the sum from r equals zero to r equals n

32、 of the quantity n over r at a time squared, equals the integral between the limits x equals zero and x equals b of the function of x with respect to x bxnrrndxxfxdx0200)(cos12Mathematical Ex.4 The quantity a plus b to the nth power equals to the nth power plus n times the quantity a to the n minus

33、one power times b plus n times bracket n minus one bracket closed divided by two times the quantity a to the n minus two power times b squared down to b to the nth powernnnnnbbannbnaaba2212) 1()(Chemical and physical Formulas-1 F E and S react to give F E S S I O two and two C react to form S I and

34、two CO Open bracket N H four close bracket twice C P two O sevenFeSSFeCOSiCSiO2227242)(OCrNHChemical and physical Formulas-2233222OKClKClOMnO Two K C L O three, when heated in the presence of a manganese dioxide as a catalyst forms two K C L and releases three O two Two potassium chlorate, in the pr

35、esence of a manganese dioxide catalyst on heating, forms two potassium chlorate and releases three oxygen Chemical and physical Formulas-3 Six N H four O H plus A L two open bracket S O four close bracket three times yield two A L open bracket O H close bracket three times plus three open bracket N

36、H four close bracket twice S O four When ammonium hydroxide is added to a solution of aluminum sulfate, aluminum hydroxide and ammonium sulfate are formed42433424)(3)(2)(6SONHOHAlSOAlOHNHChemical and physical Formulas-4OHCOOCH222422 C H four and two O two react to give C O two and two H two Methane

37、reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water One molecule of methane reacts with two molecules of oxygen to form one molecule of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water One mole of C H four plus two moles of O two react to produce one mole of C O two and two moles of H two O One mole of C H four plus two mole