國際商務函電Unit8Payment

1、Unit 8Terms of Payment支付方式支付方式Business LettersObjectivesp To know about payment termsp To learn the phrases and expressions about paymentp To learn how to write a business letter about paymentBusiness LetterspPayment is one of the most important steps in international trade. pThe method of payment f

2、or each transaction is to be agreed upon between the two trading parties at the time of placing an order. pThree methods in general: Remittance 匯付 Collection 托收 L/C (letter of credit) 信用證 I. IntroductionBusiness Letters1、 credit instruments 信用工具2、 modes of payment 支付方式3、 documents 單據(jù)International Se

3、ttlement 國際結算國際結算Business LettersInternational settlement Notes(票據(jù)票據(jù))Bill of Exchange/draft 匯票Promissory Notes 本票Check 支票 1.Credit Instruments 信用工具信用工具Note/bill is an unconditional order in writing requiring the payer to pay a sum of money to the bearer or to the order of a third person at a fixed t

4、ime.Business LettersInternational settlement Notes Bill of Exchange（匯票）（匯票）: is an unconditional order in writing prepared by one party (drawer) and addressed to another (drawee) directing the drawee to pay a specified sum of money to the order of a third person (payee), or to the bearer, on demand

5、or at a fixed and determinable future time. Promissory Note（本票）（本票）: is an unconditional order in writing made by one party (issuer) to pay a sum of money to the other (payee), either at a fixed or determinable future time or on demand of the payee, under specific terms. Check（支票）（支票）: is defined as

6、 an unconditional order in writing drawn on a bank (drawee) signed by the drawer, requiring a bank to pay on demand a certain sum of money to the order of a named person or to the bearer.Business Letters Sample for draftBusiness Letters2. Modes of Payment 支付方式支付方式Remittance匯付匯付Mail Transfer (M/T) 信匯

7、信匯Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) 電匯電匯Demand Draft (D/D) 票匯票匯DocumentaryCollection跟單托收跟單托收D/P付款交單付款交單D/P at sight 即期付款交單即期付款交單D/P after sight遠期付款交單遠期付款交單 D/A 承兌交單承兌交單 L/C 信用證信用證Business Letters Remittance means the transfer of money from the buyer to the seller through a bank contracted. mail transfer (M

8、/T) 信匯 telegraphic transfer (T/T) 電匯 demand draft (D/D) 票匯 Generally, only when the transactions are rather small and the finance involved is small too can remittance be accepted. Payment for samples postage, commissions and small orders is usually made by T/T. Remittance 匯付匯付Business LettersRemitta

9、nce 匯付 T/T（電匯）（電匯）: is a method of transferring funds by telecommunication system such as telex or cable. Though it is done at a fast speed, the cost is relatively high. But SWIFT(環(huán)球同業(yè)環(huán)球同業(yè)銀行金融電信學會銀行金融電信學會) members are able to transfer funds at a much lower cost. D/D（票匯）（票匯）: the transfer can be made

10、 by a check that is sold to its customer. A bank instructs another branch/bank to pay upon demand a certain amount to the payee specified on the check. This check is called a bankers demand draft. M/T(信匯信匯)：means to transfer money by mail.Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication匯款

11、人向當?shù)劂y行交付匯款人向當?shù)劂y行交付本國貨幣，由銀行開具本國貨幣，由銀行開具付款委托書（付款委托書（payment order），用航空郵寄交），用航空郵寄交國外銀行辦理付出外匯國外銀行辦理付出外匯業(yè)務。業(yè)務。Business LettersCopyright 2009 by Lao Ping,From Lingnan College, Sun Yat-sen UniversityRelevant parties in remittance 匯款人（Remitter） 受款人（Payee or Beneficiary） 匯出行（Remitting Bank） 匯入行（Paying Bank）,

12、又稱解付行Business LettersCopyright 2009 by Lao Ping,From Lingnan College, Sun Yat-sen UniversityT/T, M/T flow chartBusiness LettersCopyright 2009 by Lao Ping,From Lingnan College, Sun Yat-sen UniversitySWIFT簡介簡介 SWIFT是“Society Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication”環(huán)球同業(yè)銀行金融電訊協(xié)會”的英文簡稱。是國際銀行同業(yè)間非營

13、利性的國際合作組織，成立于一九七三年，總部設在比利時的布魯塞爾。Business LettersCopyright 2009 by Lao Ping,From Lingnan College, Sun Yat-sen UniversitySWIFT的特點的特點 1.SWIFT1.SWIFT需要會員資格。我國的大多數(shù)專業(yè)銀行需要會員資格。我國的大多數(shù)專業(yè)銀行都是其成員。都是其成員。 2.SWIFT2.SWIFT的費用較低。同樣多的內容，的費用較低。同樣多的內容，SWIFTSWIFT的的費用只有費用只有TELEXTELEX（電傳）的（電傳）的18%18%左右，只有左右，只有CABLECABLE（電

14、報）的（電報）的2.5%2.5%左右。左右。 3.SWIFT3.SWIFT的安全性較高。的安全性較高。SWIFTSWIFT的密押比電傳的的密押比電傳的密押可靠性強、保密性高，且具有較高的自動密押可靠性強、保密性高，且具有較高的自動化。化。 4.SWIFT4.SWIFT的格式具有標準化。對于的格式具有標準化。對于SWIFTSWIFT電文，電文，SWIFTSWIFT組織有著統(tǒng)一的要求和格式。組織有著統(tǒng)一的要求和格式。Business Letters Collection(托收托收) means that the exporter draws a draft after shipment and t

15、hen instructs the bank to collect the amount of money from the importer. It includes: Documents against Payment (D/P) 付款交單付款交單 D/P at sight 即期付款交單 D/P after sight 遠期付款交單 Documents against Acceptance (D/A) 承兌交單承兌交單Collection 托收托收Business LettersRelevant parties involved 委托人委托人（Principal） 托收行托收行（Remit

16、ting Bank） 代收行代收行（Collecting Bank） 提示行提示行（Presenting Bank） 付款人付款人（Payer）Business LettersPrincipal委托人委托人Remitting bank托收行托收行Collecting bank代收行代收行Payer付款人付款人13765428Business LettersCollection 托收托收D/P（付款交單）（付款交單）: means that the collecting bank will not transfer the shipping documents to the importer u

17、ntil he has paid the amount of money in question.D/P at sight （即期付款交單）：（即期付款交單）：requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of documents.D/P after sight （遠期付款交單）（遠期付款交單）: the importer is given a certain period to make payment at 30, 45 or 60 days after presentation of the documents, but h

18、e is not allowed to get hold of the documents until he pay.D/A （承兌交單）：（承兌交單）： means that the collecting bank will transfer the shipping documents to the importer after he accepts the draft.Business LettersBusiness Letters分析分析 D/P遠期與遠期與D/A是否為同一性質是否為同一性質 出口商應加強對進口商的信用風險控制意識出口商應加強對進口商的信用風險控制意識Business

19、Letters代收行未完全執(zhí)行托收行指示的責任問題代收行未完全執(zhí)行托收行指示的責任問題在一筆托收業(yè)務中，托收行在托收指示中規(guī)定：在一筆托收業(yè)務中，托收行在托收指示中規(guī)定：“DOCS TO BE RELEASED ONLY AGAINST ACCEPTANCE“以及以及“PAYMENT ON DUE DATE TO BE GUARANTEED BY XXX BANK（代收行）。（代收行）。TESTED TLX TO THIS EFFECT REQUIRED.”代收行辦理承兌交單后代收行辦理承兌交單后，向托收行寄出承兌通知書，明確指出，向托收行寄出承兌通知書，明確指出“THE BILL ACCEP

20、TED BY DRAWEE”，到期日為，到期日為1994年年9月月13日。不久，當托收行查詢有關承兌日。不久，當托收行查詢有關承兌情況時，代收行復電再次告知情況時，代收行復電再次告知“DOCS HAVE BEEN ACCEPTED BY DRAWEE TO MATURE ON 940913?！痹谏鲜龀袃锻ㄖ獣安樵兇饛驮谏鲜龀袃锻ㄖ獣安樵兇饛椭?，代收行均未標明擔保貨款，亦未發(fā)出承諾擔保的電傳：托收行亦未中，代收行均未標明擔保貨款，亦未發(fā)出承諾擔保的電傳：托收行亦未就此提出任何異議。承兌匯票到期后，進口商拒付貨款，代收行即向托就此提出任何異議。承兌匯票到期后，進口商拒付貨款，代收行即向托收行發(fā)

21、出拒付通知。托收行認為托收指示中要求憑代收行到期付款的擔收行發(fā)出拒付通知。托收行認為托收指示中要求憑代收行到期付款的擔保放單，而代收行已將單據(jù)放給付款人，因此要求立即付款。代收行反保放單，而代收行已將單據(jù)放給付款人，因此要求立即付款。代收行反駁道，放單是基于付款人的承兌，代收行根據(jù)國際商會第駁道，放單是基于付款人的承兌，代收行根據(jù)國際商會第522號出版物號出版物沒有擔保到期付款的責任。雖經(jīng)多次交涉，此糾紛仍未得到解決。沒有擔保到期付款的責任。雖經(jīng)多次交涉，此糾紛仍未得到解決。Business Letters案例分析案例分析 本案爭論的焦點是代收行未完全執(zhí)行托收指示本案爭論的焦點是代收行未完全執(zhí)

22、行托收指示的責任問題。的責任問題。 根據(jù)國際商會根據(jù)國際商會522號文件關于托收指示的規(guī)定，號文件關于托收指示的規(guī)定，如果代收行不能遵守指示，應當回復托收行，如果代收行不能遵守指示，應當回復托收行，而代收行卻未這樣做，只是在托收行查詢單據(jù)而代收行卻未這樣做，只是在托收行查詢單據(jù)下落時才告知僅憑承兌放單。代收行違反了下落時才告知僅憑承兌放單。代收行違反了522號的規(guī)定。號的規(guī)定。 托收行的指示不符合托收業(yè)務的基本原則，實托收行的指示不符合托收業(yè)務的基本原則，實際上改變了托收的性質。際上改變了托收的性質。Business Letters托收項下的融資方式托收項下的融資方式買入票據(jù)買入票據(jù)出口托收押

23、匯出口托收押匯（Collection Bill Purchased）信托收據(jù)信托收據(jù)（Trust Receipt, T/R）憑銀行保函（憑銀行保函（bank guarantee）提貨）提貨Business Letters出口托收押匯出口托收押匯是托收行買入出口商開立的以進口商為付款人的跟單匯票以是托收行買入出口商開立的以進口商為付款人的跟單匯票以及隨附的商業(yè)單據(jù)，將貨款扣除利息及費用后，凈額付給出及隨附的商業(yè)單據(jù)，將貨款扣除利息及費用后，凈額付給出口商并通過國外代理行向進口商收款，以歸還出口托收押匯口商并通過國外代理行向進口商收款，以歸還出口托收押匯的一種融資方式。的一種融資方式。Busine

24、ss Letters信托收據(jù)（信托收據(jù)（T/R） 是代收行在進口商對托收未付款前憑其提是代收行在進口商對托收未付款前憑其提供的信托收據(jù)借出單據(jù)，便于他辦理報關供的信托收據(jù)借出單據(jù)，便于他辦理報關、提貨及出售，取得的貨款亦屬代收行所、提貨及出售，取得的貨款亦屬代收行所有，只能向代收行付款并贖回信托收據(jù)。有，只能向代收行付款并贖回信托收據(jù)。Business Letters Letter of Credit is an effective means to solve the commercial credit crisis between buyers and sellers. Since it

25、is a bank credit, L/C can facilitate trade with unknown buyers and giving protection to both the sellers and the buyers. Letter of Credit 信用證信用證As far as the sellers benefit is concerned, L/C D/P at sight D/P after sight D/ABusiness LettersThe Operation flow of L/CBusiness LettersLetters for Payment

26、 Letters regarding payment often fall into the following types: 1) discussing mode of payment 2) urging establishment of L/C 3) amending L/C 4) asking for extension of L/CBusiness LettersDocuments used in international settlement * Commercial Invoice 商業(yè)發(fā)票 * Packing List 裝箱單 * Certificate of Origin 產(chǎn)

27、地證 * Insurance Policy 保險單 * Marine Bill of Lading, B/L 海運提單 * Combined Transport Document, CTD 聯(lián)合運輸單據(jù) * Airway Bill 空運單 * Railway Bill 鐵路運單 3. Documents 單據(jù)單據(jù)Business Letters國際慣例國際慣例 International Custom（Practice）1. .跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit, ICC Publicati

28、on No.500, UCP 5002.托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則Uniform Rules for Collection , URC 5223. .見索即付保函統(tǒng)一規(guī)則見索即付保函統(tǒng)一規(guī)則Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees ,URDG458 由國際商會由國際商會International Chamber of Commerce 制定制定Business LettersII. Words and ExpressionsBusiness Letters1. Banks Merchants Bank 招商銀行招商銀行 Bank of China 中國銀行中國銀行I

29、ndustrial and Commercial Bank of China 中國工商銀行中國工商銀行Agriculture Bank of China 農業(yè)銀行農業(yè)銀行 Construction Bank of China 建設銀行建設銀行 Citi Bank 花旗銀行花旗銀行 Communications Bank of China 交通銀行交通銀行 Pudong Development Bank 浦東發(fā)展銀行浦東發(fā)展銀行 Shenzhen Development Bank 深圳發(fā)展銀行深圳發(fā)展銀行 HKBC 匯豐銀行匯豐銀行 Standard Chartered Bank 渣打銀行渣打銀

30、行 The CITIC Bank 中信銀行中信銀行China International Trust and Investment Corporation Business Letters2. Words and Phrases discount 貼現(xiàn) draft 匯票 Promisory Note 本票 cheque 支票 clean bill 光票 documentary bill 跟單匯票 Business LettersSight Bill 即期匯票 Time Bill 遠期匯票 Usance Bill 遠期匯票 Commercial Bill 商業(yè)匯票 Bankers Bill 銀行

31、匯票 Business LettersCommercial Acceptance Bill 商業(yè)承兌匯票 Bankers Acceptance Bill 銀行承兌匯票 invoice 發(fā)票 Performer Invoice 形式發(fā)票 Sample Invoice 樣品發(fā)票 Consignment Invoice 寄售發(fā)票 Business LettersCertified Invoice 證明發(fā)票 Manufacturers Invoice 廠商發(fā)票 remittance 匯付 Mail transfer (M/T) 信匯 Demand Draft (D/D) 票匯 Business Let

32、tersAt sight 即期，見票即付 At.days (month)after sight 付款人見票后若干天（月）付款 At.days sight 付款人見票后若干天即付款 At.days after date 出票后若干天付款 At.days after B/L 提單簽發(fā)后若干天付款 Business LettersDocuments against Payment (D/P) 付款交單 Documents against Payment at Sight (D/P sight) 即期付款交單 Documents against Payment after Sight (D/P sig

33、ht) 遠期付款交單 Documents against Acceptance (D/A) 承兌交單 Cash Against Documents 憑單付款 Business LettersTelegraphic Transfer (T/T) 電匯 collection 托收 clean Bill for Collection 光票托收 Documentary Bill for Collection 跟單托收 Uniform Rules for Collection 托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則 Business LettersCollection Advice 托收委托書 Advice of Clean B

34、ill for Collection 光票托收委托書 Collection Bill Purchased 托收出口押匯 Trust Receipt 信托收據(jù) Business Letters3. ExpressionsNow we have settled the terms of payment. 現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)談妥了付款條件。 Shall we have a talk about terms of payment today? 我們今天談談付款條件怎么樣？ What is the mode of payment you wish to employ? 您希望用什么方式付款？ Business

35、 Letters This is the normal terms of payment in international business. 這是國際貿易中慣用的付款方式。 We cant accept any other terms of payment. 我們不能接受其他的付款條件。 If you cant be more flexible, we wont accept your terms of payment. 如果你們不能靈活些，我們將不接受此種付款方式。 Business Letters Please protect our draft on presentation. 請見票

36、即付。請見票即付。 Your draft will be honoured on presentation. 你方的匯票見票即付。你方的匯票見票即付。 The draft was discounted in New York. 匯票已經(jīng)在紐約貼現(xiàn)。匯票已經(jīng)在紐約貼現(xiàn)。 Business Letters Our draft No.36 was dishonored. 我們的第三十六號匯票被拒付了。 Well be unable to meet these draft. 我們無力兌付這些匯票。 Weve drawn a clean draft on you for the value of thi

37、s sample shipment. 我們已經(jīng)開出光票向你方索取這批貨的價款。 Business Letters Weve drawn on you for payment of the invoice amounting to $20,000. 我們已經(jīng)按照發(fā)票金額20，000美圓向你方開出了匯票。 The draft has been handed to the bank on clean collection. 匯票已經(jīng)交銀行按光票托收。 You can draw on me just as if there were a letter of credit. 您就當作有信用證一樣，向我開

38、匯票托收。 Business Letters Were sending our draft through Bank of China for documentary collection. 我們將匯票交中國銀行按跟單托收。 Well draw on you by our documentary draft at sight on collection basis. 我們將按托收方式向你方開出即期跟單匯票。 Business Letters Well draw a sight bill in favour of the Export Bank Singapore. 我們要開立一張以新加坡出口銀

39、行為收款人的即期匯票。 Weve already remitted the amount by cheque. 我們已經(jīng)將款以支票匯出。 We enclose a cheque for RMB200. 我們附上人民幣200元的支票一張。 Business LettersWe regret we cant accept payment cash against document. 很抱歉，我們不能接受憑單付款辦法。 Well agree to change the terms of payment from L/C at sight to D/P at sight. 我們同意將即期信用證付款方式

40、改為即期付款交單。 Business Letters We accept D/P payment for future dealings. 以后的交易我們以付款交單方式支付。 We can do the business on 60 days D/P basis. 我們可以按60天付款交單的方式進行交易。 We agree to draw at 30 days D/P. 我們同意開立30天期的付款交單匯票。 Business LettersAs a special sign of encouragement, well consider accepting payment by D/P at this sales-purchasing stage. 在此推銷階段，我們將考慮接受付款交單方式以資鼓勵。 We regret we cant accept Cash against Docum