Book7_U1_語法講解

1、 第 PAGE 4 頁 共 NUMPAGES 4 頁 Transitive verbs and intransitive verbs動(dòng)詞的種類動(dòng)詞的種類比較復(fù)雜，大致可以根據(jù)其在句子中的功用分為及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞，連系動(dòng)詞介乎二者之間。及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞(Transitive and intransitive verbs)1. 及物動(dòng)詞要求有直接賓語。如：John Ford himself opened the door to me.2. 不及物動(dòng)詞則不需要賓語。如：The car stopped.3. 及物動(dòng)詞可以有一個(gè)或兩個(gè)（直接和間接）賓語或復(fù)合賓語。如：Mist clothed t

2、he hills. They gave him the first injection.4. 只有及物動(dòng)詞可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：The meeting will be held in the town hall.5. 許多動(dòng)詞既可用作及物動(dòng)詞，又可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：He turned his horses head and rode away. Tom turned towards Maggie.6. 有些不及物動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可用作及物動(dòng)詞。如：He walked the horse to and fro.7. 有些不及物動(dòng)詞用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可后接同源賓語。如：Morell dreamed an ex

3、traordinary dream last night.8. 有些動(dòng)詞形式相似，但一為及物動(dòng)詞，一為不及物動(dòng)詞，有l(wèi)ay與lie，raise與rise，set與sit等。如：Theyve raised a statue in memory of Robert Burns. The kite rises in the sky.9. 有些及物動(dòng)詞常用作不及物動(dòng)詞以表示被動(dòng)意義，這時(shí)主語往往是物而不是人。如The books sold out in a week.連系動(dòng)詞(linking verbs)1. 連系動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)表示謂語關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞。它必須后接表語。be 是最基本的連系動(dòng)詞。如：It is

4、not late.Shelley was an atheist.He had been in Germany for five years.My idea is to go there right today.The problem is finding the right house.That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.2. 常用的連系動(dòng)詞還有appear，become，get，look，remain，seem等。如：Gradually he become silent.Tennys face remained e

5、xpressionless.The dish smells good.His explanation sounds all right.3. 有些可以和形容詞連用的動(dòng)詞也屬于連系動(dòng)詞，有blow open，blush red，break loose，grow worse，fall ill，stand quiet，turn pale等。含被動(dòng)意義的主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式 有些不及物動(dòng)詞（其主語大都指物）的主動(dòng)語態(tài)可以表示被動(dòng)意義。這種不及物動(dòng)詞有下 列幾種：1）某些連系動(dòng)詞，如smell，taste，sound，prove，feel等。 （1）The flowers smell sweet. （2）The

6、 food tastes nice. （3）That sounds very reasonable. （4）The story proved quite false.2）某些與cant，wont等連用的不及物動(dòng)詞，如move，lock，shut，open等。 （5）It cant move. （6）The door wont shut.3）某些可和well，easily等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞，如read，write，wash，clean，draw，burn，cook，photograph等。 （7）The cloth washes well. （8）The poem reads smoothl

7、y. （9）The cistern doesnt clean easily. （10）This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.4）某些可用于“主+謂+主補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不及物動(dòng)詞，如wear，blow等。 （11）This material has worn thin. （12）The door blew open.有些不及物動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)亦具有被動(dòng)意義。如： （13）Corn is selling briskly.【注】上述不及物動(dòng)詞有些亦可用作及物動(dòng)詞，但二者有所不同。如：The door opened.The door was o

8、pened.例強(qiáng)調(diào)the door本身內(nèi)在的特性，表明“門”本身可開可關(guān)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；例則相反，強(qiáng)調(diào)“門被人打開了”，與門本身的特性無關(guān)。練習(xí)：1. Parents _ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.A. attach B. pay C. link D. apply2. How did you like Nicks performance last night? To be honest, his singing didnt

9、_ to me much. A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur3. The new movie_ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. opposes4. Just as Professor Scotti often_ it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude. A. gets B. makes C. puts D. means5. The Somali ro

10、bbers frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to_ all nations to take immediate action. A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D. wait on6. The good thing about children is that they_ very easily to new environments. A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply7. Are you happy with your new comp

11、uter No, it is_ me a lot of trouble. A. showing B. leaving C. giving D. sparing8. It was already past midnight and only three young men_ in the tea house. A. left B. remained C. delayed D. deserted9. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to_ a good teacher. A. make B. turn C.

12、get D. grow10. The doctor said jokingly that his own infection of the virus _ the discovery of a vaccine（疫苗）of the disease. A. stood for B. called for C. paid for D. contributed to11.Shall I pick you up tonight? No, thanks. Dont _ to come. I can take a taxi. A. have B. bother C. worry D. annoy12. Ma

13、ny people are curious about what it was that _ you to leave America for China. A. led B. let C. made D. had13. Now that you have accepted the task, the only thing you can de now is _ on how to fulfill it. A. reflect B. try C. think D. act14. Why are the housing prices in big cities increasing？ Becau

14、se people are _ in great numbers. A. breaking B. filling C. pouring D. hurrying15. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made16. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the w

15、ords _. A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped17. Linda, make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive. A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting18. Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. we

16、re expected19. The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _ now. A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained20. Hi, Torry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? Sorry. _. A. Its repaired B. It has been repaired C. Its

17、being repaired D. It had been repaired21. What is the price of petrol these days? Oh, it _sharply since last month. A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased22. Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? Yes, I have. I guess it _ now. A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is gr

18、ading23. I dont suppose the police know who did it. Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now. A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned24. My friend, who _ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. A. ser

19、ved B. is serving C. had served D. has served25. I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _. A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred26. Have you received Jacks plan? Yes, but I dont think his plan is_ . A. worth being considered B. wo