介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)（規(guī)則講解)（出現(xiàn)的介詞短語(yǔ)建議消化后記憶)

1、.wd.wdPAGE5 / NUMPAGES5.wd介詞的用法介詞英語(yǔ)中稱(chēng)為“preposition是由“前綴pre-在前部+position位置構(gòu)成的，所以又叫前置詞。一般放在名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞的前面。介詞是虛詞，主要用來(lái)表示人、物、事件等與其他人、物、事件之間的關(guān)系,如空間位置、時(shí)間先后、因果關(guān)系、方式方法等。介詞與其賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。可作介詞賓語(yǔ)的主要有名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、名詞性從句等。一、介詞的分類(lèi)分類(lèi)特點(diǎn)例詞簡(jiǎn)單介詞即一個(gè)介詞about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, i

2、n, on等等。合成介詞由兩個(gè)介詞構(gòu)成合成詞into, onto, throughout, upon, within短語(yǔ)介詞由短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。雙重介詞由兩個(gè)介詞搭配而成from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。分詞介詞由現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)considering(就而論), including，regarding，concerning等。兼類(lèi)介詞由形容詞直接轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)like,

3、unlike, near, next, opposite等等。二、介詞短語(yǔ)的功能介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中做成份，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。介詞短語(yǔ)的功能例 句作定語(yǔ)They didnt find the solution to the problem.作狀語(yǔ)We have breakfast at seven.表時(shí)間They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.表原因What do you mean by doing such a thing?表

4、方法Nothing in the world could live without air or water.表?xiàng)l件作表語(yǔ)When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I found the old building in a bad condition.三、?？冀樵~短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別介詞是英語(yǔ)中最活潑的詞類(lèi)之一，使用頻率相當(dāng)高，其用法跟冠詞一樣復(fù)雜?？忌枰莆找韵聝?nèi)容。1.表示一樣或相似概念的介詞短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別表示的概念介詞短語(yǔ)區(qū) 別例 子時(shí)間inonatat在一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上；in在一段的時(shí)間之內(nèi)；on在具體日子。at

5、8 oclock, at noonin the 1990s, in Januaryon Monday, on a warm morningsincefromsince 指從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間，和完成時(shí)連用；from指從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)場(chǎng)。We have not seen each other since 1995.I hope to do morning exercises from today.in,afterin指在一段時(shí)間之后，也可以指一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)=within；after表示某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后或用在過(guò)去時(shí)的一段時(shí)間中。Well be back in three days.After s

6、even the rain began to fall.What shall we do after graduation?in the endat the end ofby the end ofin the end作“最后、“終于解，單獨(dú)作句子成分，后不接介詞of；at the end of 表示“在末梢，“到盡頭，既可指時(shí)間，也可以指地上或物體。不可單獨(dú)使用；by the end of 作“在完畢時(shí)，“到末為止解，只能指時(shí)間。不可單獨(dú)使用。In the end they reached a place of safety.At the end of the road stands a be

7、autiful garden.They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.By the end of last month he had finished the novel.位置betweenamong一般說(shuō)來(lái)，between表示兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間。You are to sit between your father and me.He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有時(shí)說(shuō)的雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系時(shí)、在談

8、到一些事物或一組事物，而把它們視為分居兩邊時(shí)以及在談事物間的差異時(shí)，就用between。Agreements were made between the different countries.The little valley lies between high mountains.They dont know the difference between wheat, rice and coin.inontoin表示在某范圍內(nèi)；on指與什么毗鄰；to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。Changchun is in the northeast of China.Mongolia is on the nor

9、th of China.Japan is to the east of China.oninon只表示在某物的外表上，而用in表示占去某物一局部。There is a book on the piece of paper. There is an interesting article in thenewspaper. He dug a hole in the wall.inintoin通常表示位置靜態(tài)；into表示動(dòng)向，不表示目的地或位置。We walked in the park.We walked into the park.throughacrossthrough表示從內(nèi)部通過(guò)，與in

10、 有關(guān)；across那么表示從一端至另一端在外表上的通過(guò)，與on有關(guān)。Water flows through the pipe.The old man walked across the street.in the corner on the corner at the cornerin the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的內(nèi)面；on the corner表示“在角上，on指的不是內(nèi)面，也不是外面，而含內(nèi)外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角處，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。The lamp stands in the corner of the room.I met wit

11、h him at the street corner.He sat on the corner of the table.除了besidesexceptbutexcept forbesides指“除了還有，再加上；except指“除了，減去什么，不能放在句首。but 與except意思近似，表示“除了外經(jīng)常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑問(wèn)詞后面。except for表示“如無(wú)就，只是說(shuō)明理由細(xì)節(jié)。All went out besides me. All went out except me.I never saw him reading

12、 anything but the newspaper.His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.表示的概念構(gòu)成例 子動(dòng)作表進(jìn)展概念、表被動(dòng)的關(guān)系at+名詞at dinner/table在吃飯 at work在工作 at war交戰(zhàn) at cards 在玩牌 at work 在辦公 at play 在玩耍 at rest在休息 school在上學(xué) at press正在排印at church在做禮拜beyond+名詞beyondbelief難以置信 beyondcontrol不聽(tīng)管教。 beyondcompare無(wú)可比較 beyon

13、ddescription難以形容beyondexpression無(wú)法表達(dá) in+名詞或in+名詞+of+名詞in the army在當(dāng)兵 in need of需要 in action在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)in progress在進(jìn)展 in operation在運(yùn)行中 inuse開(kāi)場(chǎng)使用 insight看得見(jiàn) instore貯藏著incourseofconstruction正在興建當(dāng)中。 in(good)repair維修良好的incourseofshipment.定的貨正在運(yùn)輸途中。 inchargeof負(fù)責(zé) inthechargeof由負(fù)責(zé) inpossessionof擁有 inthepossessionof

14、被擁有on+名詞on business辦事/出差 on holiday/vacation/leave在休假on watch值班 on duty值勤/日。on guard在值勤 on strike在罷工on sale出售 on loan借貸on the move 在移動(dòng)，搬遷，離開(kāi) on the march在行軍on the air在播送 onfire在燃燒。ontrial在試用 onshow/display/ exhibition在展出under+名詞under control在控制之中 under discussion在討論underdevelopment在開(kāi)展中 under observa

15、tion在觀察中under test在被測(cè)試 under construction在建設(shè)中under fire在炮火中 under examination在檢查/調(diào)查中under consideration在考慮中 under repair在修理中underarrest被逮捕 underattack受到襲擊undermedicaltreatment在治療中 understudy在研究中其他against ones opinion反對(duì)某人的見(jiàn)解for ones opinion同意某人的見(jiàn)解at the mercy of在支配下；任由擺布forsale供出售 forrent供出租 withinsi

16、ght看得見(jiàn)2.常見(jiàn)同一形容詞與不同介詞搭配時(shí)意義上的差異常見(jiàn)形容詞搭配意義absent(be) absent from缺席(be) absent in不在這里而在afraid(be) afraid of擔(dān)憂(yōu)(be) afraid for為而擔(dān)憂(yōu)angry(be) angry with sb.對(duì)某人生氣(be) angry at/about sth.因某事而生氣anxious(be)anxious for sth急于想得到(be)anxious about sth./sb.對(duì)某事/某人擔(dān)憂(yōu)different(be) different from與不同(be) different to不關(guān)心fa

17、miliar(be) familiar with精通，熟悉(be) familiar to為熟知悉good(be) good at擅長(zhǎng)于(be) good for對(duì)有益(be) good to對(duì)友好/態(tài)度好popular(be) popular with sb.受歡送(be) popular for因而流行strict(be) strict with sb.對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格(be) strict in sth.對(duì)某事要求嚴(yán)格3.容易混淆的含有介詞固定搭配的詞組類(lèi) 型舉 例差一冠詞，大相徑庭in front of在前面)in the front of在前部 in charge of負(fù)責(zé)in the

18、 charge of由負(fù)責(zé)out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)out of the question不可能 at table在吃飯；在吃飯時(shí)at the table在桌子旁邊有無(wú)介詞，意義不同know sb.認(rèn)識(shí)某人know about sb.了解某人 shoot sb.擊中某人shoot at sb.向某人射擊search sb.搜身search for sb.搜尋某人 believe sb.相信某人的話(huà)believe in sb.信任某人的人格benefit sb.使某人受益benefit from sb.從某人那里得到益處畫(huà)蛇添足，誤加介詞serve the people為人民服務(wù)容易

19、在serve后加for enter the room進(jìn)入房間容易在enter后加intofollow me跟在我后面容易在follow后加behind marry sb.與某人結(jié)婚容易在marry后加withgo abroad出國(guó)容易在go后面加to live upstairs住在樓上容易在live后面加 in母語(yǔ)思維，誤用介詞be caught in the rain被雨淋著不用by leave for some place動(dòng)身去某地不用toset an example to sb.為某人樹(shù)立典范不用for in the direction朝著方向不用todo a favor for sb.

20、幫某人一個(gè)忙不用to different from和不同不用withwith the help of在的幫助下不用under steal sth. from sb.偷某人的東西不用ofread sth. to sb.給為讀念不用for四、常見(jiàn)介詞的活用具體題型Althoughmy opinion, the old professor didnt come up with提出 his own. A. against B. on C. for D. inSome people choose jobs for other reasonsmoney these days. A. for B. exce

21、pt C. besides D. with【解析】答案為C。句意：如今一些人選擇工作時(shí)，除了人民幣的原因還有其他原因。besides意為“除了包含除去的；except意為“除了不包含除去的。根據(jù)題意besides符合題意。Some students often listen to musicclasses to refresh themselves. A. between B. among C. over D. during【解析】答案為A。between用于兩者之間，也可指多個(gè)事物中的兩兩之間的關(guān)系；among用于三者或三者以上?！罢n間是指兩節(jié)課之間，因此應(yīng)用between。This is

22、a junior school. You should go to a senior schoolgirls of your age. A. for B. about C. from D. to【解析】答案為A。for在此表示“適于、適合。句意：這是一所初級(jí)中學(xué)，你應(yīng)該去一所適合你這個(gè)年齡段女孩子的高級(jí)中學(xué)讀書(shū)。the silence of the pauses, we could hear each others breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats. A. In B. For C. Under D. Between【解析】答案為A。句意：在停頓的沉默中，我們能聽(tīng)到對(duì)方的呼吸，甚至能聽(tīng)到我們自己的心跳。In意為“在之中。Sorry,Madam. Youd better come tomorrow because itsthe