高考英語讀后續(xù)寫之語句間的連接手法課件（15張PPT）

1、讀后續(xù)寫之語句間常用的連接手法讀后續(xù)寫常見的連接手法 讀后續(xù)寫作為新出現(xiàn)的高考題型要求自然有效的使用段落間語句間銜接手段，全文結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，前后呼應(yīng)，意義連貫。這不僅提及了語句的銜接，也對文章整體的連貫性做出了要求，使用合適的銜接手法可以保證文章意義上的連貫性，句子上的流暢性及行文的變化性。一、指代人與事 正確的使用指代可形成前后紋的照應(yīng)，使得行文流暢，邏輯清晰，指代的形式多種多樣，常見的指代包括指代人指代前文提及的一個(gè)事物或事件。(1)指代人人稱代詞：I 、you 、he、 she、 we名詞性物主代詞：mine、yours、his 、hers 、ours 、theirs反身代詞：myself、

2、yourself、herself、ourselves、yourselves 、themselves。（2)指代事 使用this和that進(jìn)行指代，可以指代前文或前文提及的某一信息。 例1: He found out he had failed the exam. This upset him. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己考砸了。這令他很難過。 例2: She didnt even bother to thank me last time, and thats why I wont help her again. 上次她都沒有感謝我一下，這就是我不再會(huì)幫助她的原因。(3）指代人與事使用one,ones進(jìn)行指代，

3、可以指代文中提及的人物或者事物。例1: I offered him a room but he said he didnt want one.我主動(dòng)提出給他一間房，但是他說他不想要。解析：one作代詞表示剛提到過的事物。這句話里句末的“one”替代前面的“a room”。例2: The students who are the most successful are usually the ones who come to all the classes.成績最好的學(xué)生往往是出全勤的那些。解析：句中the ones即上文提及的the students，這里指代上文提及的人物。二、替換同類詞匯

4、在表述同一事物、概念時(shí)，可以使用同類詞匯進(jìn)行替代，這樣不僅可以增加表達(dá)的多樣性，也可以自然地將語篇進(jìn)行有效的銜接。其中，最常見的是近義(synonymy)替換與上下義(byponymy)替換。(一)近義詞替換 使用近義詞替換同類詞語需要注意詞語的單復(fù)數(shù)問題，同時(shí)要保證替換的詞語在語境中可以正確恰當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)釋義。例1: The flat at the top of the tower block was empty. It had been vacant for a long time.塔樓頂部的那間公寓是空的，已經(jīng)空置了很長時(shí)間了。例2: There are many problems with

5、 the project and it is going to take significant time to deal with these difficulties.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中有許多問題，而且要花大量的時(shí)間才能解決。例3: She was tired of having these strange men come to her house. She was also unhappy that her father didnt trust her judgment.她厭倦了這些陌生男人到她家里來。她也因?yàn)楦赣H不相信她的判斷而感到不快。例4:The delicious food made

6、his heart feel full of joy. They also filled another part of himhis stomach.這些美食讓他心中滿是喜悅，也讓他填飽了肚子。（二）上下義替換上義詞是對事物的概括性、抽象性的說明，下義詞是事物的只體表現(xiàn)形式或?qū)κ挛锔鼮榫唧w的說明。例如color,包含 blue、green和red，那么color是這里的上義詞，而blue、green和red是這里的下義詞。例1: Portia and Nerissa started to giggle. Then they laughed harder and harder.鮑西亞和尼莉莎咯

7、咯地笑了起來。然后她們笑得越米越厲害。解析：laugh屬于giggle的上義詞，描述同一種動(dòng)作。例2: Usually, people shout at us, insult us, treat us like thieves. Its only 10 a.m. and I havent had a single conversation without an offense.通常，人們朝我們大叫，侮辱我們，把我們當(dāng)賊對待?，F(xiàn)在才早上十點(diǎn)，我都還沒有一次談話是不被冒犯的。解析：使用“offense(冒犯行為)”指前句中所提及的“shout at us, insult us, treat us

8、like thieves”等行為，形成上下義關(guān)系。三個(gè)動(dòng)作層層遞進(jìn)，程度一步步加深，情感也隨之加強(qiáng)，刻畫出了人物所處環(huán)境之惡劣。例3: The bear could not resist the temptation of the bread. The pepper spray had slowed the animal but wasnt enough to stop it.熊無法抵御面包的誘惑。胡椒噴霧拖慢了它的步伐，但是并未能完全阻止它。解析：文中animal屬于bear的上義詞，指代都是同一頭熊。三、關(guān)聯(lián)語義邏輯為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子之間的邏輯聯(lián)系，語篇中可以使用連接性質(zhì)的詞語進(jìn)行語義邏輯的關(guān)聯(lián)

9、。常見的邏輯形式轉(zhuǎn)折、時(shí)空、因果、條件和讓步。(一) 轉(zhuǎn)折常用詞： however, still, though, yet, whereas, while, nevertheless, but等。例1: Hes a good boy, but he talks far too much.他是個(gè)好孩子，但就是話太多了。例2: He was a man of forty, not good-looking, and yet not ugly, for his features were rather good.他四十歲，長得不好看，但也不丑，因?yàn)樗奈骞龠€挺端正的。例3: Some of the

10、food crops failed. However, the cotton did quite well.有些糧食作物歉收，但棉花的收成仍相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)。(二) 時(shí)空常用詞：throughout, simultaneously, previously, then, next, finally, at once, meanwhile, soon, after a while, later, at this moment, hitherto, the instant, before, until then, until等。例1: Meanwhile he had never ceased to wor

11、k at his art, but soon tired of the studios and being entirely by himself與此同時(shí)他從未停止自己的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作，但是不久后他便厭倦了工作室，厭倦了獨(dú)自一人。例2: In the evening the men from the village came to watch and later joined the dancers.晚上，村里的男人們前來觀看，然后也加入了舞者們。例3： I watched from the window until I saw you come home, and then came down t

12、he stairs to meet you.我一直望著窗外，看到你回家了，我便下樓去見你。例4: She and the others had hitherto remained in the moonlight which streamed under the porch.她跟其他人一直等在月光下，月光從門廊下傾瀉而下。(三) 因果常用詞： as, so that, thereupon, consequently, thus, because (of), as, since, due to, thanks to, as a result of, incase, seeing, in orde

13、r to, so as to, on that account, on account of, owing to等。例1: Because it is an area of excellent natural beauty, the number of boats available for hire on the river is limited.因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)自然風(fēng)景極美的地方，所以河上可供租用的船只數(shù)量有限。例2: Theyve installed an extinguisher next to the cooker in case there is a fire.他們在爐灶旁邊安裝了一個(gè)

14、滅火器，以防發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)可以使用。例3: Seeing that nobody was very enthusiastic about it, they decided to cancel the trip.由于沒有人有此熱情，他們決定取消這次旅行。例4:Owing to the help from his teammates,he has made rapid progress.由于隊(duì)友的幫助，他進(jìn)步很快。(四)條件常用詞：if, provided that, providing that, as long as, on the assutption that, supposing that,

15、on condition that, unless等。例1: He gets very upset if I exclude him from anything.如果有什么事我將他排除在外，他就會(huì)非常難過。例2： Allis wel provided that the light returns and the eclipse does not degenerate into night.一切都很好，只要光明重現(xiàn)，只要暫時(shí)的隱沒不要退化成黑夜就好了。例3: They cannot understand a disease unless they understand the person wh

16、o has the disease.除非他們了解有某種疾病的人，否則他們不會(huì)了解這一疾病。(五)讓步 mater what, despite等。常用詞： though, although, even if ,even though, though, as, yet, nevertheless, none the less, still, whatever, no matter what, despite等。例1： Although she is known to only a few, her reputation among them is very great.盡管只有幾個(gè)人知道她，但是她

17、在他們之中的名聲很大。用2: Even if he has dark skin, he still needs protection from the sun.即使他皮膚黝黑，仍需要防曬。例3: Happy as we were, there was something misisng,盡管我們很快樂，但總?cè)鄙冱c(diǎn)什么。例4: Whatever decision she made I would support it無論她作出什么決定我都會(huì)支持的。例5： He found the test diffcult but nevertheless tried his best盡管他覺得試題很難，但還是

18、盡力去做了。例 6:They seldom had foreigners visiting their small land, but nonetheless always welcomed them.雖然外地人很少來拜訪這個(gè)小地方，然而他們總是歡迎來到這兒的人。練習(xí)：畫出下列句子中的近義詞。The award is more of an encouragement for intentions than a reward for achievements.2.It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay.3. The party commenc