【學(xué)海導(dǎo)航】2015高考英語(yǔ)（新課標(biāo)）一輪語(yǔ)法同步課件：第8節(jié)　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（共57張）（2014高考）

1、高效語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)篇 第8節(jié)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 不定式 高考湖南卷的單項(xiàng)選擇題中動(dòng)詞不定式必考，每年1題，總計(jì)1分。1只能后接不定式的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)歸納：ask, plan, intend, mean(方案), manage, do / try ones best, make an attempt(努力), learn(學(xué)習(xí)), hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, would prefer, wish(希望、愿意), agree, promise(同意), decide, determine, choose, make a decision, make u

2、p ones mind(決定), offer(主動(dòng)提出), apply(申請(qǐng)), help(幫助), fail(不能、沒(méi)有), prepare(準(zhǔn)備), pretend(假裝), refuse(拒絕), happen(碰巧), afford(負(fù)擔(dān)得起)等。2某些抽象名詞需要接不定式作定語(yǔ)。plan, attempt, decision, determination, intention, courage, ambition, promise, chance, opportunity, right, ability, effort等。3序數(shù)詞和last, few等詞后常接不定式作定語(yǔ)。He is

3、 always the first to come and the last to leave. 他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)最后一個(gè)走的。4主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的不定式。(1)不定式to blame, to let, to seek用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)意義。Who is to blame?該怪誰(shuí)呢？ A better way is yet to seek.還得找一種更好的方法。(2)在“be 形容詞to do的結(jié)構(gòu)中，即不定式在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，同時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，此時(shí)習(xí)慣上以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞通常有difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, e

4、nough, sure, fit, nice, dangerous, comfortable, exciting, good, important等。The text is easy to understand.這篇課文容易理解。The chair is very comfortable to sit on.這椅子坐起來(lái)很舒服。English is easy to learn. 英語(yǔ)很容易學(xué)。He is difficult to deal with. 他很難打交道。(3)不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞時(shí)(此時(shí)不定式與其所修飾的名詞或代詞之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)，如果句子中的另一名詞或代詞(就是句子的主語(yǔ)

5、)可以充當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即與該不定式之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，那么此時(shí)不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。I have a meeting to attend.我有一個(gè)會(huì)議要參加。(其中I是不定式to attend的邏輯主語(yǔ))Have you a letter to send?你要去寄信嗎？(you是to send的邏輯主語(yǔ))但是，當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，那么不定式就需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Have you a letter to be sent? 你有信要我去寄嗎？ (該句中不定式to be sent與主句主語(yǔ)you之間不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。)(4)在“疑問(wèn)詞what/which/w

6、hom不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，有時(shí)以主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。I dont know which book to choose. 我不知道選哪本書(shū)。(5)在“tooto結(jié)構(gòu)中，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，此時(shí)不定式前面可以加邏輯主語(yǔ)。The box is too heavy (for me) to carry.這盒子太重了，搬不動(dòng)。 English is too difficult (for the old lady) to learn. 英語(yǔ)(對(duì)這個(gè)老奶奶來(lái)說(shuō))很難學(xué)。 【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】填空題：1. The little boy is hard _ (get) along with.2. I have a lot

7、of things _ (do), so I have to leave now.3. Nobody is allowed _ (smoke) here.4. He got up early _ (catch) the early bus.5. The teacher had no choice but _ (leave)答案：1. to get2. to do3. to smoke4. to catch5. to leave1. Considering the dangerous situation, they asked for _ another meeting. A. there be

8、 B. there to be C. there being D. there was【分析】B此題很容易誤選C，因?yàn)榭崭袂坝薪樵~ for，所以其后的 there be 的非謂語(yǔ)形式應(yīng)用 there being，而不用 there to be。其實(shí)錯(cuò)了，正確答案應(yīng)是B。在通常情況下，there be 結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在介詞后時(shí)，要用 there being 的形式，但這有一個(gè)例外，就是在介詞 for之后只能用there to be。2. I havent heard from Henry for a long time. What do you suppose _ to him? A. was hap

9、pening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened【分析】C此題容易誤選B，認(rèn)為動(dòng)詞 suppose 后接動(dòng)詞用不定式。正確答案應(yīng)是C，其中的 do you suppose 是插入成分。v. ing 形式 高考湖南卷的單項(xiàng)選擇題中v.ing形式必考，每年1題，總計(jì)1分。 1只接v.ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)： cant help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of

10、, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to等。2既可以接不定式，又可以接v.ing形式的有：(1)意義根本相同。begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為)。(2)意義相反。stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事；stop doing 停止正在做的事。(3

11、)意義不同。remember/forget/regret to do(指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生); remember/forget/regret doing(指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)go on to do(接著做另外一件事); go on doing(接著做同一件事)try to do(設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力)；try doing(試著去做，看有何結(jié)果)mean to do(打算做，企圖做)；mean doing (意思是，意味著)cant help to do(不能幫助做)；cant help doing(忍不住要做) 3不定式與v.ing形式用法比較(1)v.ing形式著重進(jìn)程；不定式著重結(jié)果。He has

12、been trying to solve the problem.他一直在設(shè)法解決這一問(wèn)題。Your work needs correcting.你寫(xiě)的東西需要修改。(2)v.ing形式表示一般或抽象的屢次性行為；而不定式那么往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。To play with fire will be dangerous.玩火會(huì)發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)。Teaching is my job, and to teach the kid is my task this afternoon.教書(shū)是我的工作，今天下午去教那個(gè)孩子是我的任務(wù)。(3)有的動(dòng)詞其后接v.ing形式表示已完成的動(dòng)作；不定式那么表示未完成的

13、動(dòng)作。I remember closing the window.我記得把窗戶(hù)關(guān)上了。Remember to close the window.記著要關(guān)窗戶(hù)。(4)v.ing形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)可能泛指“人們；而不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)那么常常是句子中的名詞或代詞。I hate working on Sundays.我討厭星期日上班。I hate to smoke.我討厭抽煙。4注意某些短語(yǔ)中的to不是不定式符號(hào)，而是介詞，后面應(yīng)該接v.ing形式(請(qǐng)參閱介詞講解局部)。【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】填空題：1. The holiday is coming and we are all looking forward to

14、_ (go) for an outing.2. The story of the famous writer is very _ (interest)3. He hated _ (laugh) at in public.4. _ (teach) is a job which requires patience.5. With his hard work, he succeeded in _ (work) out the problem. 答案：1. going2. interesting3. being laughed4. Teaching5. workingv. ed 形式 高考湖南卷的單項(xiàng)

15、選擇題中v.ed形式必考，每年1題，總計(jì)1分。 1v.ing形式與v.ed形式的用法比較： (1)在時(shí)間上v.ing形式一般表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；v.ed形式那么往往表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。 This is Mr. Smith speaking. 我是史密斯先生。 This machine part is broken. 這個(gè)機(jī)器零件壞了。(2)v.ed形式可以作定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)，表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作；v.ing形式的被動(dòng)式也可以作定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)，但表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。The bridge being built will be important in this areas traffic.正在建造的

16、這座橋在該地區(qū)的交通中將起到重要作用。The bridge built last year has played an important part in this areas traffic.去年建造的這座橋在該地區(qū)的交通中起了重要作用。(3)v.ed形式可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)，有時(shí)表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)并不表示已經(jīng)完成；v.ing形式的被動(dòng)式也可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Ill have my bike repaired after school.放學(xué)后我要去修自行車(chē)。The students found their school being decorated.

17、學(xué)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)校正在裝修。(4)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)通常表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或感受，而ing分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征。英語(yǔ)中這樣的分詞還有很多：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astoni

18、shed等。The children are very interested in the interesting story. 孩子們對(duì)這個(gè)有趣的故事很感興趣。2動(dòng)詞have后所接的3種賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)： (1)have somebody/something do sth. 不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)必須省去to, 不定式動(dòng)作由賓語(yǔ)發(fā)出，表示一次性的動(dòng)作。I had the workers do the job for me.我讓工人們替我完成了工作。 (2)have somebody /something doing sth. ing分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，分詞動(dòng)作也由賓語(yǔ)發(fā)出，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)或正在進(jìn)行。They had

19、 the tractor working all the time.他們讓拖拉機(jī)一直工作著。 (3)have somebody/something done 過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，通常有兩種情況： 主語(yǔ)讓別人做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的意志。He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理發(fā)了。 主語(yǔ)遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環(huán)境，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的一種無(wú)意識(shí)的被動(dòng)行為。He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比賽中摔斷了腿。 3分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，否那么

20、，就必須在分詞前另加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)(名詞或主格代詞)的這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 (1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常放在句首。表示時(shí)間、條件、原因時(shí)，其作用分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間、條件、原因狀語(yǔ)從句。表示伴隨方式時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句。 Supper finished (After supper was finished), we started to discuss the picnic. 吃完晚飯，我們開(kāi)始討論野餐的事。 All the tickets having been sold out (As all the tickets having been sold out), we had

21、to wait for the next weeks show. 所有的票都賣(mài)出去了，我們只好等著看下周的演出。 (2)表示獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being常省略。 The football match (being) over, crowds of people poured out into the street. 足球賽一結(jié)束，人群便涌到大街上。 (3)表示伴隨方式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)可用“with賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替換。 He lay there thinking, his hands behind his head (with his hands behind his head). 他

22、雙手放在頭下，躺在那里思考著。 The river looks more beautiful, flowers and grass growing on both sides(with flowers and grass growing on both sides). 這條河看上去更加漂亮，因?yàn)閮砂堕L(zhǎng)滿(mǎn)了鮮花和綠草。 4“with賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)是英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)，其賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等，在句中可作定語(yǔ)，也可作狀語(yǔ)，表示原因、方式等。 The children looked at us, with their eyes opening wid

23、e.孩子們眼睛睜得大大地看著我們。 I would miss the train, with no one to wake me up.沒(méi)人叫我，我會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)的。 With the examinations over, we had a long time to rest. 考試結(jié)束了，我們有一段長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間可以休息。 5垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)。有些慣用的分詞短語(yǔ)在句子里可以沒(méi)有邏輯上的主語(yǔ)而獨(dú)立存在，它們往往作為句子的獨(dú)立成分來(lái)修飾全句。如： generally/strictly/roughly/broadly/narrowly speaking, judging from/by, considering,

24、 supposing, providing, provided等。 Talking of the computer, I like it very much.談到電腦，我非常喜歡。 Considering the time, we have decided to start early tomorrow morning. 考試到時(shí)間，我們已經(jīng)決定明早一早出發(fā)。Generally speaking, I like exciting sports.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，我喜歡刺激的運(yùn)動(dòng)。【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】填空題：1. We are all _ (disappoint) with the bad news.2. Wi

25、th all the work _ (do), they left for a holiday.3. Last week, he noticed a woman _ (rob) by a bad man.4. I have to raise my voice to make myself _ (hear)5. _ (inform) of the latest news for some times, we have to take some necessary measures.答案：1. disappointed2. done3. robbed4. heard5. Having been i

26、nformed1. Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to go to university. So do I. A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped【分析】B此題應(yīng)選B，句子的真正主語(yǔ)是 each of the students，空格處填的 hopes 是句子謂語(yǔ)，其中的 working hard at his or her lessons 是插入成分修飾主語(yǔ)。2. The husband advised _ to the south, but his wife advis

27、ed him _ up the idea. A. moving; giving B. to move; to give C. moving; to give D. to move; giving【分析】C此題容易誤選A，因?yàn)樵S多學(xué)生都記住了“advise 后接動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞而不用不定式這一搭配規(guī)那么。但此“規(guī)那么的表述是不準(zhǔn)確的，準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)法應(yīng)該是：advise 后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式；但假設(shè)其后接的動(dòng)詞前有賓語(yǔ)，此動(dòng)詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，那么此動(dòng)詞要用不定式。即說(shuō) advise doing sth.(建議做某事)或 advise sb. to do sth.(建議某人做某事)。【分析】類(lèi)似情況的還有 allow(允許)，permit(允許)，forbid(禁止)等動(dòng)詞，即：allow doing sth. 允許做某事； allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事； permit doing sth. 允許做某事； permit sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事； forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事； forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事。順便說(shuō)一句，要特別注意以上各句型后一結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，如：We dont allow smoking in the l