初高中英語銜接PPT講稿課件

1、初高中英語銜接課件語音教學(xué)26個英文字母及發(fā)音音標(biāo)tsdz trdrbptdkgfvsz lrhwjmnaiei ii uauui: iu:u:e 20輔音32320元音國際音標(biāo)教學(xué)法圖示Semi-vowels 半元音/w/ /j/ / w / 與 / j / 是兩個半元音，因?yàn)樗鼈兊陌l(fā)音位置都與有關(guān)元音的發(fā)音位置有關(guān)系。/ w / 是個雙唇音。we week whether wire wound language persuade / j / 是個舌面音 yes youth use union Europe new Nasal consonants 4. 鼻音 / m /, / n /, /

2、 / m /, money make mouth firm harm / n /, no noun nail learn coin pain nice/ / wing king bring sing a song a long stringLateral consonant 5. 舌邊音 /l/ (有兩種發(fā)音)A. 如果在元音字母前面, 發(fā)音“clear l ”（“清晰的 l ”）。舌端抵上齒槽, 舌前部向硬顎抬起, 讓氣流從舌兩旁的空隙處流過, 所以叫舌側(cè)音, 也叫旁流音或邊音。 long leave lion lock color followB. 如果 / l / 在輔音前面或詞尾, 發(fā)

3、 （“模糊的 l ”）音.apple girl ball meal bell sail ruleRules of reading讀音規(guī)則 (Rules of reading)： 字母的名稱音和它的發(fā)音是兩回事。至于某個字母在某個單詞中究竟發(fā)什么音，則取決于這個字母在這個詞中前后和什么字母結(jié)合,根據(jù)這個字母在詞中所處的不同位置而發(fā)出不同的音來。究竟應(yīng)該如何發(fā)音是有一些規(guī)律可循的, 將這些規(guī)律歸納起來, 就成為讀音規(guī)則。 Syllables音節(jié) (Syllables): 音節(jié)是包含一個元音或一個元音跟別的輔音結(jié)合而成的發(fā)音單位。在英語中元音特別響亮, 一個元音可以構(gòu)成一個音節(jié), 一般來說,元音可以

4、構(gòu)成音節(jié), 輔音不響亮, 不能構(gòu)成音節(jié)。英語的詞有一個音節(jié)的，兩個音節(jié)的，多個音節(jié)的，一個音節(jié)叫單音節(jié)，兩個音節(jié)叫雙音節(jié)，三個音節(jié)以上叫多音節(jié)。確定音節(jié)時, 一不能只看字母的數(shù), 二不能只看有沒有元音字母, 而是要看有沒有元音。Attention !1、重讀音節(jié) 任何雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞的音標(biāo)中，有重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié) ，哪一個音節(jié)重讀，該音節(jié)的左上方或該音節(jié)的元音上方標(biāo)有重讀符號“”。2、濁化音 以sp_, st_, sk_開頭的單詞清輔音/p/ /t/ /k/分別要發(fā)濁輔音/b/ /d/ /g/。3、定冠詞the的讀音在以輔音音素開頭的單詞之前讀作/ /，如：the day, the key

5、), the house在以元音音素開頭的單詞前要發(fā)/ i:/ 的音，如：the end, the hour, the inside 4、不完全爆破(Incomplete explosion) 爆破音p b t d k g 后面緊跟另一個爆破音時，前面的那個爆破音只在口腔內(nèi)形成阻礙，而不能完全讀出。baske(t)ball a(c)tor, bla(ck)board Si(t) down. I can(t) come. I don(t) believe he is a ba(d) boy. The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus

6、(t) now.The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee? 英語詞性的分類及用法詞類英語名稱作用例詞名詞Noun（縮寫為n.）表示人或事物的名稱book China代詞Pronoun (pron.)用來

7、代替名詞、形容詞或數(shù)詞等He他that那數(shù)詞Numeral (num.)表示數(shù)量或順序onefirst形容詞Adjective（adj.）用來修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特性、性質(zhì)safebeautiful副詞Adverb (adv.)用來修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞，表示動作或形狀的特性hardhere冠詞Article (art.)用在名詞前，幫助說明名詞所指的人或事物an，a，the動詞Verb (v.)表示人或事物的動作或狀態(tài)eathave介詞Preposition (prep.)用在名詞、代詞等前面，說明句子中詞與詞之間的關(guān)系underin連詞Conjunction (conj.)用來連接

8、詞、短語或句子andbut感嘆詞Interjection (interj.)表示說話時的感情或口氣Brrr! God! Look out!Ouch!Exercises 1.He shouted louder to the runners, but he still couldnt make _ heard. A. him B. himself C. them D. themselves 2.There are flowers and trees on _ sides of the river. A. every B. both C. either D. all 3.She has three

9、good friends. One is a doctor; _ are teachers of Chinese. A. another B. the other two C. other D. others 1._(我) am a worker. _(你) are a doctor. _(她) is a teacher.2.This is_ (他的 )shirt. 3. This is _(我的)pen. 4._(他們的) trousers are there. 5. I like this picture. Please give _(它) to_(我).6. People get _(他

10、們的) money from_(我).7._(他們) are new students. _(他們的) names are Lucy and Lily.8. These are _(我們的) shoes. Can _(我們) wear _(它們)?9Thank _ for _(你的) help. I You my his She Theirtheirme itThey Their me our them we your you根據(jù)所給單詞的正確形式填空：1. Different people may have different _. (idea)2. I often go to work o

11、n . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singing. (woman)11.

12、September 10th is Day. (teacher)12. Jim has some . (knife)13. How much are these ? (vegetable)14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy) ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesvegetablesminutesLucys句子成分及劃分一、

13、介紹與其重要性句子是寫作的基本單位，只有寫好句子才有可能寫好文章。英語的句子成分有八種： 主語、謂語動詞、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、主語補(bǔ)足語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。 學(xué)會判斷句子成分對以后學(xué)習(xí)難句奠定了基礎(chǔ)。英語句子的構(gòu)成也有其特定的規(guī)律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常見句式和詞語的習(xí)慣搭配，就能寫出完整、正確的句子。句子成分詳解表句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類例句主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動名詞，短語或句子We study in No.11 Middle School.謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣動詞或動詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語表示動作行為

14、的對象同主語Both of us like English.表語與聯(lián)系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名, 副，介詞短語或句子We have eight lessons every day.狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.賓語補(bǔ)足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等S

15、he always keeps the house clean.主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無！英語的句子成分： 一） 主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。 Walls have ears. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is not allowed in public places. What he needs is a book.名詞代詞數(shù)詞to do不定式動名詞句子英語的句子成分： 二）謂語(

16、predicate)由_擔(dān)任。助動詞或情態(tài)動詞加其他動詞的適當(dāng)形式也構(gòu)成謂語動詞。 Action speaks louder than words. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 動詞/動詞短語簡單謂語復(fù)合謂語三）表語(predicative): 它的位置在_之后。是用來說明主語的_,_, _的.My father is a professor. Whos that? Its me. Everything here is expensive. seeing is believing. The picture is on

17、the wall.Three times five is fifteen.His plan is to seek work in the city. the truth is that he has never been abroad. 系動詞性質(zhì)特征狀態(tài) n. adj.prep.num.to do不定式句子 V-ing（四）賓語 表示動作的對象，是動作的承受者。賓語一般放在_之后。_詞后也會跟賓語。I like English. I dont like it. I enjoy working with you. Give me four please. He wants to dr

18、eam a nice dream. We need know what others are doing. 動詞/動詞短語介詞n. pron.V-ingnum.to do不定式句子（五）定語 是修飾_詞.單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的名詞之_；短語和從句作定語時則放在它所修飾的名詞之_。They are woman workers. Toms father is a teacher. Mary is a beautiful girl. The play has three acts. This is her first trip to Europe. China is a developing

19、 country. I have nothing to eat. Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 名前后 n.名詞所有格 adjnum.序數(shù)詞 /to do 不定式現(xiàn)在分詞 doingto do 不定式從句六）狀語 狀語表示地點(diǎn)、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨情況等。 The best fish swim near the bottom. I left the village five years ago. I arrived late because of the traffic jam . W

20、ell send a car to fetch you. The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. If he goes, so will I . Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 地點(diǎn)狀語時間狀語原因狀語目的狀語結(jié)果狀語伴隨狀語條件狀語讓步狀語七）賓語補(bǔ)足語。英語有些及物動詞，除了要有賓語之外，還要加上賓語補(bǔ)足語，才能使句子的意義完整。They elec

21、ted me captain of the team. We try to make our country strong. We found everything in good order there. I should advise you to get the chance. I saw him going upstairs. They found the house broken in.We will soon make our city what your city is now.名詞形容詞介詞短語to do 不定式現(xiàn)在分詞 doingdone 過去分詞從句八）主語補(bǔ)足語 如果上述

22、結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動語態(tài)，原賓語成為主語，原賓語補(bǔ)足語相應(yīng)地變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語I was elected captain of the team.Our country will be made strong.與賓語補(bǔ)足語一樣Examples:Oh！What is that?。@嘆詞）He has，alas，failed againCome here，John（呼語）Roll on，Ocean，roll on句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影響句子的完整性。這種成分和句子的其他詞沒有語法的關(guān)系。獨(dú)立成分（You） Come here（I wish you）Good luck！Some gave him pra

23、ises，but others（gave him）rotten eggsHe runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.句中被省略的成分，雖然未說出來，卻在句中表示一定的意思：省略成分連接成分連接成分實(shí)際上是一個連詞，用來連接兩個或幾個平行的詞、短語和分句。這種連詞叫做并列連詞。另一類連接成分是用來連接兩個句子、且一個句子從

24、屬于另一個句子（即從句）的連詞。這類連詞叫從屬連詞。從屬連詞主要用于引導(dǎo)各種從句。一個完整的句子（主句或從句）必須包含2個到4個基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，還可包含一個或更多其他的句子成分。記憶口訣 主謂賓表定狀補(bǔ)，解釋說明同位語。 句子主干主謂賓（表），枝葉成分定狀補(bǔ)。 定語修飾名詞代，狀修動詞還有副。 主謂人稱數(shù)一致，賓語之后常有補(bǔ)。Exercises： 劃分下列句子成分1. The machine doesnt work.2. He is an honest student.3. The silk feels soft.4. I have a lot of friends here

25、. 5. Tom lent me 200 dollars.6. I saw him writing a letter.7. I find maths difficult.8. We call her Lily.9. Father asked me to turn off the TV.主謂賓定狀表賓補(bǔ)主系an honest表主系主謂主主主主主謂謂謂謂謂間 賓直賓賓賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓賓賓句子成分常用詞性主語謂語賓語定語狀語表語賓補(bǔ)n/pron.n./pron.Adj.Adv.n./adj.n./adj./to do /doingVbeautifulsurprisedtoareseemswent Co

26、rrect mistakes:1. Her voice sounds beautifully.2. The whole company was surprising at the news. 3. To see is believe.4. It seem like a good idea.5. The lights still on.6. All the potatoes changed bad.7. Jim was remained a worker.1.Is this raincoat yours? No, mine_ there behind the door. is hanging B

27、. is hung C. hangs D. was hung Exercises:2. _ your head, and youll see the sun_ now. Raise; rising Raise; raising C. To raise, rising D. Lift; being risen 3. More than a dozen students in that school_ abroad to study medicine last year. （上海） A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent4. The he

28、ros story_ differently in the newspaper. （全國I、II） A. was reported B. was reporting C. Reports D. reported 按句子功能可以分為： 陳述句 疑問句 祈使句 感嘆句 按句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為： 簡單句 并列句 復(fù)合句 簡單句Simple Sentences: 含有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）的句子。 He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys.He went up to the door,

29、opened it and entered.簡單句的五種基本句型:主語+謂語+賓語主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語動詞系動詞不及物動詞及物動詞主語+系+表語主語+謂語1主語 + 謂語（S+Vi）1）Everything changes. 2）The plane has already arrived. SViS復(fù)合謂語1）She looks young. 2）The city will become rich. 在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的系動詞是： “狀態(tài)”類： “變化”類：_. “感官”類: _. “持續(xù)”類：_. 其他：（似乎）_ _ (證明是)_get/ become

30、/ turn/grow/gotaste/ smell/ feel/look/soundstay/ keep/remain/continueSeem appearturn out/ prove(to be)2主語 + 系動詞 + 表語be3主語 + 謂語 + 賓語1.The boss employed five more workers. S Vt O 2.My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. 3.Few students like taking exams. 4.He forgot to close the door. 5.I hope

31、I can speak English fluently. 4主語 + 謂語 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語1）He has fetched us some new textbooks. S Vt IO DO2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal. S Vt IO DO 3）The man told the girl that he wants to go now. 4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.5主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語1）The villagers didnt allow them to do t

32、his. 主語 謂語 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 2）I will keep the box in the shade. 3）We found him a very good student.4）She let me stay in the company.記憶口訣 英語句子千千萬，五大句型把線牽。 句型種類看動詞，后接成分是關(guān)鍵。 系動詞后接表語，不及物后無需連。 及物又可分三類，單賓雙賓最常見。還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，各種搭配記心間。Exercises：指出下列句子的基本句型 1. I can swim. 2.I like English. 3.They are reading books . 4.He b

33、ought a computer last week. 5.My mother is a scientist.6.The food goes bad 7.My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. Exercises： 8.Can you give me the math book? 9.Will you tell us something about your school life? 10.We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 11.My mother asks me to speak Englis

34、h as much as possible. 12.I heard her singing happily in the room just now. 并列句的簡單認(rèn)識 2、并列句Compound Sentences 包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子且句子之間有并列連詞and/but等或用分號連接。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous.常用并列連詞coordinating conjunctions平行并列連詞: 轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：因果并列連詞: 選擇并列連詞:and, both

35、and, not onlybut also, neithernor, and thenbut, however, while, yetfor, soor, eitheror, neither nor 復(fù)合句Complex Sentences 復(fù)合句是在簡單句的基礎(chǔ)上，通過從屬連詞將兩個或兩個以上簡單句連接在一起而構(gòu)成。從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用。 復(fù)合句主要包含以下類型從句： 1. 主語從句 2. 賓語從句3. 表語從句 4. 定語從句5. 狀語從句 6. 同位語從句 狀語從句：用來修飾主句中的動詞，形容詞和副詞的從句。分類：時間狀語從句，條件狀語從句，原因狀語從句，結(jié)果狀

36、語從句，比較狀語從句，目的狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，地點(diǎn)狀語從句1時間狀語從句 常用when , as , before, while , after, since, till , until , as soon as 等連詞引導(dǎo)。e.g.(1) It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday. (2) While he was doing his homework,the telephone rang. (3) As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. (4) He had learned

37、a little Chinese before he came to China. (5) After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.2條件狀語從句 常由 if，as (so) long as 和 unless 引導(dǎo)。 注意： 謂語動詞通常用現(xiàn)在時表將來的動作或狀態(tài)。e.g. (1)Ill help you with English if I am here toorrow. (2)He wont be late unless he is ill.3原因狀語從句由 because，as，since 或復(fù)合連接詞

38、now that，in that 等引導(dǎo)。(注意：for 是連詞，雖然也可以表示“因?yàn)椤?，但其后所接的是并列句中的一個獨(dú)立句，而非從句。)e.g. (1) He didnt come to school beause he was ill. (2) As it is raining, we shall no go to the zoo. (3) Since we have no money, we cant buy the car.4結(jié)果狀語從句由 so that，so.that，such.that 等引導(dǎo)。特別提醒：so.that 與 such.that 的區(qū)別在于：前者的省略號處是形容詞或副詞，而后者的省略號處最終是一個名詞。“最終”的意思是，該名詞前也可以出現(xiàn)形容詞甚至出現(xiàn)修飾形容詞的副詞，但整個詞組的中心詞是這個名詞。5比較狀語從句由 than，as.as 引導(dǎo)。 e.g. (1) Tom runs faster t