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1、第4章 圖形與坐標(biāo)一、選擇題(共15小題)1在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,已知點(diǎn)P的坐標(biāo)是(1,2),則點(diǎn)P關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是()A(1,2)B(1,2)C(1,2)D(2,1)2ABO與A1B1O在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中的位置如圖所示,它們關(guān)于點(diǎn)O成中心對(duì)稱,其中點(diǎn)A(4,2),則點(diǎn)A1的坐標(biāo)是()A(4,2)B(4,2)C(2,3)D(2,4)3在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)P(20,a)與點(diǎn)Q(b,13)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,則a+b的值為()A33B33C7D74在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,把點(diǎn)P(5,3)向右平移8個(gè)單位得到點(diǎn)P1,再將點(diǎn)P1繞原點(diǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)90得到點(diǎn)P2,則點(diǎn)P2的坐標(biāo)是()A(3,3)B(3,3)C(3

2、,3)或(3,3)D(3,3)或(3,3)5如圖,在ABO中,ABOB,OB=,AB=1將ABO繞O點(diǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)90后得到A1B1O,則點(diǎn)A1的坐標(biāo)為()A(1,)B(1,)或(1,)C(1,)D(1,)或(,1)6如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)B、C、E、在y軸上,RtABC經(jīng)過(guò)變換得到RtODE若點(diǎn)C的坐標(biāo)為(0,1),AC=2,則這種變換可以是()AABC繞點(diǎn)C順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,再向下平移3BABC繞點(diǎn)C順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,再向下平移1CABC繞點(diǎn)C逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,再向下平移1DABC繞點(diǎn)C逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,再向下平移37在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,把點(diǎn)P(3,2)繞原點(diǎn)O順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)180,所得到的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)P的坐

3、標(biāo)為()A(3,2)B(2,3)C(3,2)D(3,2)8在下面的網(wǎng)格圖中,每個(gè)小正方形的邊長(zhǎng)均為1,ABC的三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)都是網(wǎng)格線的交點(diǎn),已知B,C兩點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)分別為(1,1),(1,2),將ABC繞點(diǎn)C順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,則點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為()A(4,1)B(4,1)C(5,1)D(5,1)9如圖,將斜邊長(zhǎng)為4的直角三角板放在直角坐標(biāo)系xOy中,兩條直角邊分別與坐標(biāo)軸重合,P為斜邊的中點(diǎn)現(xiàn)將此三角板繞點(diǎn)O順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)120后點(diǎn)P的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是()A(,1)B(1,)C(2,2)D(2,2)10如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系xOy中,直線y=x經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)A,作ABx軸于點(diǎn)B,將ABO繞點(diǎn)B逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)60得到C

4、BD若點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)為(2,0),則點(diǎn)C的坐標(biāo)為()A(1,)B(2,)C(,1)D(,2)11如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系xOy中,ABC由ABC繞點(diǎn)P旋轉(zhuǎn)得到,則點(diǎn)P的坐標(biāo)為()A(0,1)B(1,1)C(0,1)D(1,0)12在平面直角坐標(biāo)系內(nèi),點(diǎn)P(2,3)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)Q的坐標(biāo)為()A(2,3)B(2,3)C(3,2)D(2,3)13將點(diǎn)P(2,3)向右平移3個(gè)單位得到點(diǎn)P1,點(diǎn)P2與點(diǎn)P1關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,則P2的坐標(biāo)是()A(5,3)B(1,3)C(1,3)D(5,3)14在直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)為(3,1),則點(diǎn)B關(guān)于原點(diǎn)成中心對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為()A(3,1)B(3,1)C(1,3)D

5、(3,1)15在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,P點(diǎn)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為P1(3,),P點(diǎn)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為P2(a,b),則=()A2B2C4D4二、填空題16在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,以原點(diǎn)為中心,把點(diǎn)A(4,5)逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,得到的點(diǎn)A的坐標(biāo)為17已知A點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為(1,3),將A點(diǎn)繞坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)順時(shí)針90,則點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為18如圖,ABO中,ABOB,AB=,OB=1,把ABO繞點(diǎn)O旋轉(zhuǎn)120后,得到A1B1O,則點(diǎn)A1的坐標(biāo)為19如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,將點(diǎn)P(4,2)繞原點(diǎn)順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,則其對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)Q的坐標(biāo)為20已知,正六邊形ABCDEF在直角坐標(biāo)系內(nèi)的位置如圖所示,A(2,0),點(diǎn)B在原點(diǎn),把正六

6、邊形ABCDEF沿x軸正半軸作無(wú)滑動(dòng)的連續(xù)翻轉(zhuǎn),每次翻轉(zhuǎn)60,經(jīng)過(guò)2015次翻轉(zhuǎn)之后,點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)是21如圖,ABC的三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)都在方格紙的格點(diǎn)上,其中點(diǎn)A的坐標(biāo)是(1,0)現(xiàn)將ABC繞點(diǎn)A順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,則旋轉(zhuǎn)后點(diǎn)C的坐標(biāo)是22如圖,將線段AB繞點(diǎn)O順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90得到線段AB,那么A(2,5)的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)A的坐標(biāo)是23設(shè)點(diǎn)M(1,2)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為M,則M的坐標(biāo)為24點(diǎn)P(5,3)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為25在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)(3,2)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是26已知點(diǎn)P(3,2),則點(diǎn)P關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P1的坐標(biāo)是,點(diǎn)P關(guān)于原點(diǎn)O的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P2的坐標(biāo)是27在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)P(5,3)關(guān)

7、于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是28若將等腰直角三角形AOB按如圖所示放置,OB=2,則點(diǎn)A關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為三、解答題29在平面直角坐標(biāo)系xOy中,已知A(1,5),B(4,2),C(1,0)三點(diǎn)(1)點(diǎn)A關(guān)于原點(diǎn)O的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)A的坐標(biāo)為,點(diǎn)B關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)為,點(diǎn)C關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)C的坐標(biāo)為(2)求(1)中的ABC的面積30如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,A(2,2),B(3,2)(1)若點(diǎn)C與點(diǎn)A關(guān)于原點(diǎn)O對(duì)稱,則點(diǎn)C的坐標(biāo)為;(2)將點(diǎn)A向右平移5個(gè)單位得到點(diǎn)D,則點(diǎn)D的坐標(biāo)為;(3)由點(diǎn)A,B,C,D組成的四邊形ABCD內(nèi)(不包括邊界)任取一個(gè)橫、縱坐標(biāo)均為整數(shù)的點(diǎn),求所取的點(diǎn)橫、縱坐標(biāo)之

8、和恰好為零的概率第4章 圖形與坐標(biāo)參考答案與試題解析一、選擇題1在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,已知點(diǎn)P的坐標(biāo)是(1,2),則點(diǎn)P關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是()A(1,2)B(1,2)C(1,2)D(2,1)【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【專題】壓軸題【分析】平面直角坐標(biāo)系中任意一點(diǎn)P(x,y),關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)是(x,y),據(jù)此即可求得點(diǎn)P關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【解答】解:點(diǎn)P關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為(1,2),點(diǎn)P關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是(1,2)故選:C【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)性質(zhì),這一類題目是需要識(shí)記的基礎(chǔ)題,要熟悉關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的橫縱坐標(biāo)變化規(guī)律2ABO與A1B1O在平面直角坐標(biāo)系

9、中的位置如圖所示,它們關(guān)于點(diǎn)O成中心對(duì)稱,其中點(diǎn)A(4,2),則點(diǎn)A1的坐標(biāo)是()A(4,2)B(4,2)C(2,3)D(2,4)【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【專題】幾何圖形問(wèn)題【分析】根據(jù)兩個(gè)點(diǎn)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱時(shí),它們的坐標(biāo)符號(hào)相反可得答案【解答】解:A和A1關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,A(4,2),點(diǎn)A1的坐標(biāo)是(4,2),故選:B【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo),關(guān)鍵是掌握點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律3在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)P(20,a)與點(diǎn)Q(b,13)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,則a+b的值為()A33B33C7D7【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【分析】先根據(jù)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):橫坐標(biāo)與縱坐標(biāo)都互為相反

10、數(shù),求出a與b的值,再代入計(jì)算即可【解答】解:點(diǎn)P(20,a)與點(diǎn)Q(b,13)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,a=13,b=20,a+b=13+20=7故選:D【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查了關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo),解決本題的關(guān)鍵是掌握好對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)規(guī)律:關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn),橫坐標(biāo)與縱坐標(biāo)都互為相反數(shù)4在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,把點(diǎn)P(5,3)向右平移8個(gè)單位得到點(diǎn)P1,再將點(diǎn)P1繞原點(diǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)90得到點(diǎn)P2,則點(diǎn)P2的坐標(biāo)是()A(3,3)B(3,3)C(3,3)或(3,3)D(3,3)或(3,3)【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-旋轉(zhuǎn);坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-平移【專題】分類討論【分析】首先利用平移的性質(zhì)得出點(diǎn)P1的坐標(biāo),再利用旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)得出符

11、合題意的答案【解答】解:把點(diǎn)P(5,3)向右平移8個(gè)單位得到點(diǎn)P1,點(diǎn)P1的坐標(biāo)為:(3,3),如圖所示:將點(diǎn)P1繞原點(diǎn)逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90得到點(diǎn)P2,則其坐標(biāo)為:(3,3),將點(diǎn)P1繞原點(diǎn)順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90得到點(diǎn)P3,則其坐標(biāo)為:(3,3),故符合題意的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為:(3,3)或(3,3)故選:D【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了坐標(biāo)與圖形的變化,正確利用圖形分類討論得出是解題關(guān)鍵5如圖,在ABO中,ABOB,OB=,AB=1將ABO繞O點(diǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)90后得到A1B1O,則點(diǎn)A1的坐標(biāo)為()A(1,)B(1,)或(1,)C(1,)D(1,)或(,1)【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-旋轉(zhuǎn)【分析】需要分類討論:在把ABO繞點(diǎn)O順時(shí)針

12、旋轉(zhuǎn)90和逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90后得到A1B1O時(shí)點(diǎn)A1的坐標(biāo)【解答】解:ABO中,ABOB,OB=,AB=1,AOB=30,當(dāng)ABO繞點(diǎn)O順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90后得到A1B1O,則易求A1(1,);當(dāng)ABO繞點(diǎn)O逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90后得到A1B1O,則易求A1(1,)故選B【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了坐標(biāo)與圖形變化旋轉(zhuǎn)解題時(shí),注意分類討論,以防錯(cuò)解6(2015揚(yáng)州)如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)B、C、E、在y軸上,RtABC經(jīng)過(guò)變換得到RtODE若點(diǎn)C的坐標(biāo)為(0,1),AC=2,則這種變換可以是()AABC繞點(diǎn)C順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,再向下平移3BABC繞點(diǎn)C順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,再向下平移1CABC繞點(diǎn)C逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,再向下平移

13、1DABC繞點(diǎn)C逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,再向下平移3【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-旋轉(zhuǎn);坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-平移【分析】觀察圖形可以看出,RtABC通過(guò)變換得到RtODE,應(yīng)先旋轉(zhuǎn)然后平移即可【解答】解:根據(jù)圖形可以看出,ABC繞點(diǎn)C順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,再向下平移3個(gè)單位可以得到ODE故選:A【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查的是坐標(biāo)與圖形變化旋轉(zhuǎn)和平移的知識(shí),掌握旋轉(zhuǎn)和平移的概念和性質(zhì)是解題的關(guān)鍵7在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,把點(diǎn)P(3,2)繞原點(diǎn)O順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)180,所得到的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)P的坐標(biāo)為()A(3,2)B(2,3)C(3,2)D(3,2)【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-旋轉(zhuǎn)【分析】將點(diǎn)P繞原點(diǎn)O順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)180,實(shí)際上是求點(diǎn)P關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)

14、的坐標(biāo)【解答】解:根據(jù)題意得,點(diǎn)P關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)是點(diǎn)P,P點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為(3,2),點(diǎn)P的坐標(biāo)(3,2)故選:D【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了坐標(biāo)與圖形的變換旋轉(zhuǎn),熟練掌握關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特征是解決問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵8在下面的網(wǎng)格圖中,每個(gè)小正方形的邊長(zhǎng)均為1,ABC的三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)都是網(wǎng)格線的交點(diǎn),已知B,C兩點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)分別為(1,1),(1,2),將ABC繞點(diǎn)C順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,則點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為()A(4,1)B(4,1)C(5,1)D(5,1)【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-旋轉(zhuǎn)【專題】幾何變換【分析】先利用B,C兩點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)畫出直角坐標(biāo)系得到A點(diǎn)坐標(biāo),再畫出ABC繞點(diǎn)C順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90后點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)的A,然后寫出點(diǎn)A的

15、坐標(biāo)即可【解答】解:如圖,A點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為(0,2),將ABC繞點(diǎn)C順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,則點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)的A的坐標(biāo)為(5,1)故選D【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了坐標(biāo)與圖形變化:圖形或點(diǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)之后要結(jié)合旋轉(zhuǎn)的角度和圖形的特殊性質(zhì)來(lái)求出旋轉(zhuǎn)后的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)常見(jiàn)的是旋轉(zhuǎn)特殊角度如:30,45,60,90,1809如圖,將斜邊長(zhǎng)為4的直角三角板放在直角坐標(biāo)系xOy中,兩條直角邊分別與坐標(biāo)軸重合,P為斜邊的中點(diǎn)現(xiàn)將此三角板繞點(diǎn)O順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)120后點(diǎn)P的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是()A(,1)B(1,)C(2,2)D(2,2)【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-旋轉(zhuǎn)【專題】計(jì)算題【分析】根據(jù)題意畫出AOB繞著O點(diǎn)順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)120得到的COD,連接OP,OQ

16、,過(guò)Q作QMy軸,由旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)得到POQ=120,根據(jù)AP=BP=OP=2,得到AOP度數(shù),進(jìn)而求出MOQ度數(shù)為30,在直角三角形OMQ中求出OM與MQ的長(zhǎng),即可確定出Q的坐標(biāo)【解答】解:根據(jù)題意畫出AOB繞著O點(diǎn)順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)120得到的COD,連接OP,OQ,過(guò)Q作QMy軸,POQ=120,AP=OP,BAO=POA=30,MOQ=30,在RtOMQ中,OQ=OP=2,MQ=1,OM=,則P的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)Q的坐標(biāo)為(1,),故選B【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題考查了坐標(biāo)與圖形變化旋轉(zhuǎn),熟練掌握旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)是解本題的關(guān)鍵10如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系xOy中,直線y=x經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)A,作ABx軸于點(diǎn)B,將ABO繞點(diǎn)B逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)60

17、得到CBD若點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)為(2,0),則點(diǎn)C的坐標(biāo)為()A(1,)B(2,)C(,1)D(,2)【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-旋轉(zhuǎn);一次函數(shù)圖象上點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特征【專題】壓軸題【分析】作CHx軸于H,如圖,先根據(jù)一次函數(shù)圖象上點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特征確定A(2,2),再利用旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)得BC=BA=2,ABC=60,則CBH=30,然后在RtCBH中,利用含30度的直角三角形三邊的關(guān)系可計(jì)算出CH=BC=,BH=CH=3,所以O(shè)H=BHOB=32=1,于是可寫出C點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)【解答】解:作CHx軸于H,如圖,點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)為(2,0),ABx軸于點(diǎn)B,A點(diǎn)橫坐標(biāo)為2,當(dāng)x=2時(shí),y=x=2,A(2,2),ABO繞點(diǎn)B逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)6

18、0得到CBD,BC=BA=2,ABC=60,CBH=30,在RtCBH中,CH=BC=,BH=CH=3,OH=BHOB=32=1,C(1,)故選:A【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了坐標(biāo)與圖形變化旋轉(zhuǎn):圖形或點(diǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)之后要結(jié)合旋轉(zhuǎn)的角度和圖形的特殊性質(zhì)來(lái)求出旋轉(zhuǎn)后的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)常見(jiàn)的是旋轉(zhuǎn)特殊角度如:30,45,60,90,180也考查了一次函數(shù)圖象上點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特征和含30度的直角三角形三邊的關(guān)系11如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系xOy中,ABC由ABC繞點(diǎn)P旋轉(zhuǎn)得到,則點(diǎn)P的坐標(biāo)為()A(0,1)B(1,1)C(0,1)D(1,0)【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-旋轉(zhuǎn)【分析】根據(jù)網(wǎng)格結(jié)構(gòu),找出對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)連線的垂直平分線的交點(diǎn)即為旋轉(zhuǎn)中

19、心【解答】解:由圖形可知,對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)的連線CC、AA的垂直平分線的交點(diǎn)是點(diǎn)(1,1),根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)變換的性質(zhì),點(diǎn)(1,1)即為旋轉(zhuǎn)中心故旋轉(zhuǎn)中心坐標(biāo)是P(1,1)故選B【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了利用旋轉(zhuǎn)變換作圖,旋轉(zhuǎn)變換的旋轉(zhuǎn)以及對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)連線的垂直平分線的交點(diǎn)即為旋轉(zhuǎn)中心,熟練掌握網(wǎng)格結(jié)構(gòu),找出對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)的位置是解題的關(guān)鍵12在平面直角坐標(biāo)系內(nèi),點(diǎn)P(2,3)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)Q的坐標(biāo)為()A(2,3)B(2,3)C(3,2)D(2,3)【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【專題】常規(guī)題型【分析】平面直角坐標(biāo)系中任意一點(diǎn)P(x,y),關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)是(x,y)【解答】解:根據(jù)中心對(duì)稱的性質(zhì),得點(diǎn)P(2,3)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱點(diǎn)

20、P的坐標(biāo)是(2,3)故選:A【點(diǎn)評(píng)】關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)的關(guān)系,是需要識(shí)記的基本問(wèn)題記憶方法是結(jié)合平面直角坐標(biāo)系的圖形記憶13將點(diǎn)P(2,3)向右平移3個(gè)單位得到點(diǎn)P1,點(diǎn)P2與點(diǎn)P1關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,則P2的坐標(biāo)是()A(5,3)B(1,3)C(1,3)D(5,3)【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo);坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-平移【分析】首先利用平移變化規(guī)律得出P1(1,3),進(jìn)而利用關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)性質(zhì)得出P2的坐標(biāo)【解答】解:點(diǎn)P(2,3)向右平移3個(gè)單位得到點(diǎn)P1,P1(1,3),點(diǎn)P2與點(diǎn)P1關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,P2的坐標(biāo)是:(1,3)故選:C【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的性質(zhì)以及點(diǎn)的平移規(guī)律,

21、正確把握坐標(biāo)變化性質(zhì)是解題關(guān)鍵14在直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)為(3,1),則點(diǎn)B關(guān)于原點(diǎn)成中心對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為()A(3,1)B(3,1)C(1,3)D(3,1)【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【分析】平面直角坐標(biāo)系中任意一點(diǎn)P(x,y),關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)是(x,y)【解答】解:點(diǎn)(3,1)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)中心對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是(3,1),故選D【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)的關(guān)系,是需要識(shí)記的基本問(wèn)題,記憶方法是結(jié)合平面直角坐標(biāo)系的圖形記憶15在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,P點(diǎn)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為P1(3,),P點(diǎn)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為P2(a,b),則=()A2B2C4D4【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo);

22、立方根;關(guān)于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【專題】計(jì)算題【分析】利用關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)性質(zhì)得出P點(diǎn)坐標(biāo),進(jìn)而利用關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)性質(zhì)得出P2坐標(biāo),進(jìn)而得出答案【解答】解:P點(diǎn)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為P1(3,),P(3,),P點(diǎn)關(guān)于x軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為P2(a,b),P2(3,),=2故選:A【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的性質(zhì)以及關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的性質(zhì),得出P點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)是解題關(guān)鍵二、填空題16在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,以原點(diǎn)為中心,把點(diǎn)A(4,5)逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,得到的點(diǎn)A的坐標(biāo)為(5,4)【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-旋轉(zhuǎn)【分析】首先根據(jù)點(diǎn)A的坐標(biāo)求出OA的長(zhǎng)度,然后根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)變換只改變圖形的位置,不改變圖形的形狀

23、與大小,可得OA=OA,據(jù)此求出點(diǎn)A的坐標(biāo)即可【解答】解:如圖,過(guò)點(diǎn)A作ACy軸于點(diǎn)C,作ABx軸于點(diǎn)B,過(guò)A作AEy軸于點(diǎn)E,作ADx軸于點(diǎn)D,點(diǎn)A(4,5),AC=4,AB=5,點(diǎn)A(4,5)繞原點(diǎn)逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90得到點(diǎn)A,AE=AB=5,AD=AC=4,點(diǎn)A的坐標(biāo)是(5,4)故答案為:(5,4)【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了坐標(biāo)與圖形變換旋轉(zhuǎn),要熟練掌握,解答此題的關(guān)鍵是要明確:旋轉(zhuǎn)變換只改變圖形的位置,不改變圖形的形狀與大小17(2015常德)已知A點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為(1,3),將A點(diǎn)繞坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)順時(shí)針90,則點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為(3,1)【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-旋轉(zhuǎn)【分析】過(guò)A作ACy軸于C,過(guò)A作AD

24、y軸于D,根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)求出A=AOD,證AC0ODA,推出AD=OC=1,OD=CA=3,即可根據(jù)題意作出A點(diǎn)繞坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)順時(shí)針90后的點(diǎn),然后寫出坐標(biāo)【解答】解:過(guò)A作ACy軸于C,過(guò)A作ADy軸于D,AOA=90,ACO=90,AOC+AOD=90,A+AOC=90,A=AOD,在AC0和ODA中,AC0ODA(AAS),AD=OC=1,OD=CA=3,A的坐標(biāo)是(3,1)故答案為:(3,1)【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查對(duì)坐標(biāo)與圖形變換旋轉(zhuǎn),全等三角形的性質(zhì)和判定等知識(shí)點(diǎn)的理解和掌握,能正確畫出圖形并求出AC0ODA是解此題的關(guān)鍵18如圖,ABO中,ABOB,AB=,OB=1,把ABO繞點(diǎn)O旋轉(zhuǎn)120后

25、,得到A1B1O,則點(diǎn)A1的坐標(biāo)為(2,0)或(1,)【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-旋轉(zhuǎn)【專題】壓軸題;數(shù)形結(jié)合【分析】在RtOAB中利用勾股定理計(jì)算出OA=2,則利用含30度的直角三角形三邊的關(guān)系得A=30,所以AOB=60,然后分類討論:當(dāng)ABO繞點(diǎn)O逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)120后,點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)A落在x軸的負(fù)半軸上,如圖,OA=OA=2,易得A的坐標(biāo)為(2,0);當(dāng)ABO繞點(diǎn)O順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)120后,點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)A1落在第三象限,如圖,則OA1=OA=2,AOA1=120,作OA1y軸于C,計(jì)算出COA1=30,在RtCOA1中利用含30度的直角三角形三邊的關(guān)系計(jì)算出CA1=1,OC=,則A1(1,),綜上所述

26、,A1的坐標(biāo)為(2,0)或(1,)【解答】解:在RtOAB中,AB=,OB=1,OA=2,A=30,AOB=60,當(dāng)ABO繞點(diǎn)O逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)120后,點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)A落在x軸的負(fù)半軸上,如圖,OA=OA=2,此時(shí)A的坐標(biāo)為(2,0);當(dāng)ABO繞點(diǎn)O順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)120后,點(diǎn)A的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)A1落在第三象限,如圖,則OA1=OA=2,AOA1=120,作OA1y軸于C,COA1=30,在RtCOA1中,CA1=OA1=1,OC=CA1=,A1(1,),綜上所述,A1的坐標(biāo)為(2,0)或(1,)故答案為(2,0)或(1,)【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了坐標(biāo)與圖形變化旋轉(zhuǎn):圖形或點(diǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)之后要結(jié)合旋轉(zhuǎn)的角度和圖形的特殊性質(zhì)來(lái)求

27、出旋轉(zhuǎn)后的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)常見(jiàn)的是旋轉(zhuǎn)特殊角度如:30,45,60,90,18019如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,將點(diǎn)P(4,2)繞原點(diǎn)順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,則其對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)Q的坐標(biāo)為(2,4)【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-旋轉(zhuǎn)【分析】首先求出MPO=QON,利用AAS證明PMOONQ,即可得到PM=ON,OM=QN,進(jìn)而求出Q點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)【解答】解:作圖如右,MPO+POM=90,QON+POM=90,MPO=QON,在PMO和ONQ中,PMOONQ,PM=ON,OM=QN,P點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為(4,2),Q點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為(2,4),故答案為(2,4)【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì),以及全等三角形的判定和性質(zhì),關(guān)鍵是掌握旋轉(zhuǎn)后對(duì)應(yīng)線段相等2

28、0已知,正六邊形ABCDEF在直角坐標(biāo)系內(nèi)的位置如圖所示,A(2,0),點(diǎn)B在原點(diǎn),把正六邊形ABCDEF沿x軸正半軸作無(wú)滑動(dòng)的連續(xù)翻轉(zhuǎn),每次翻轉(zhuǎn)60,經(jīng)過(guò)2015次翻轉(zhuǎn)之后,點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)是(4031,)【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-旋轉(zhuǎn)【專題】規(guī)律型【分析】根據(jù)正六邊形的特點(diǎn),每6次翻轉(zhuǎn)為一個(gè)循環(huán)組循環(huán),用2015除以6,根據(jù)商和余數(shù)的情況確定出點(diǎn)B的位置,然后求出翻轉(zhuǎn)前進(jìn)的距離,過(guò)點(diǎn)B作BGx于G,求出BAG=60,然后求出AG、BG,再求出OG,然后寫出點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)即可【解答】解:正六邊形ABCDEF沿x軸正半軸作無(wú)滑動(dòng)的連續(xù)翻轉(zhuǎn),每次翻轉(zhuǎn)60,每6次翻轉(zhuǎn)為一個(gè)循環(huán)組循環(huán),20156=335余5,

29、經(jīng)過(guò)2015次翻轉(zhuǎn)為第336循環(huán)組的第5次翻轉(zhuǎn),點(diǎn)B在開(kāi)始時(shí)點(diǎn)C的位置,A(2,0),AB=2,翻轉(zhuǎn)前進(jìn)的距離=22015=4030,如圖,過(guò)點(diǎn)B作BGx于G,則BAG=60,所以,AG=2=1,BG=2=,所以,OG=4030+1=4031,所以,點(diǎn)B的坐標(biāo)為(4031,)故答案為:(4031,)【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了坐標(biāo)與圖形變化旋轉(zhuǎn),正六邊形的性質(zhì),確定出最后點(diǎn)B所在的位置是解題的關(guān)鍵,難點(diǎn)在于作輔助線構(gòu)造出直角三角形21如圖,ABC的三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)都在方格紙的格點(diǎn)上,其中點(diǎn)A的坐標(biāo)是(1,0)現(xiàn)將ABC繞點(diǎn)A順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90,則旋轉(zhuǎn)后點(diǎn)C的坐標(biāo)是(2,1)【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-旋轉(zhuǎn)【分析】根據(jù)網(wǎng)

30、格結(jié)構(gòu)找出點(diǎn)A、B、C繞點(diǎn)O順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90后的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)的位置,然后順次連接即可【解答】解:如圖所示,ABC即為ABC繞點(diǎn)O順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90后的圖形則C(2,1),即旋轉(zhuǎn)后點(diǎn)C的坐標(biāo)是(2,1)故答案是:(2,1)【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了利用旋轉(zhuǎn)變換作圖,熟練掌握網(wǎng)格結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確找出對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)的位置是解題的關(guān)鍵22如圖,將線段AB繞點(diǎn)O順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90得到線段AB,那么A(2,5)的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)A的坐標(biāo)是A(5,2)【考點(diǎn)】坐標(biāo)與圖形變化-旋轉(zhuǎn)【分析】由線段AB繞點(diǎn)O順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90得到線段AB可以得出ABOABO,AOA=90,作ACy軸于C,ACx軸于C,就可以得出ACOACO,就可以得出AC=AC,CO=CO,由A的

31、坐標(biāo)就可以求出結(jié)論【解答】解:線段AB繞點(diǎn)O順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90得到線段AB,ABOABO,AOA=90,AO=AO作ACy軸于C,ACx軸于C,ACO=ACO=90COC=90,AOACOA=COCCOA,AOC=AOC在ACO和ACO中,ACOACO(AAS),AC=AC,CO=COA(2,5),AC=2,CO=5,AC=2,OC=5,A(5,2)故答案為:A(5,2)【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)的運(yùn)用,全等三角形的判定及性質(zhì)的運(yùn)用,等式的性質(zhì)的運(yùn)用,點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的運(yùn)用,解答時(shí)證明三角形全等是關(guān)鍵23設(shè)點(diǎn)M(1,2)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)為M,則M的坐標(biāo)為(1,2)【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【分析】根

32、據(jù)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn):兩個(gè)點(diǎn)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱時(shí),它們的坐標(biāo)符號(hào)相反可直接得到答案【解答】解:點(diǎn)M(1,2)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)M的坐標(biāo)為(1,2),故答案為:(1,2)【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題主要考查了關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn),關(guān)鍵是熟練掌握點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律24點(diǎn)P(5,3)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為(5,3)【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【分析】?jī)牲c(diǎn)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù)【解答】解:5的相反數(shù)是5,3的相反數(shù)是3,點(diǎn)P(5,3)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為 (5,3),故答案為:(5,3)【點(diǎn)評(píng)】主要考查兩點(diǎn)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的坐標(biāo)的特點(diǎn):兩點(diǎn)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,兩點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),縱坐

33、標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),用到的知識(shí)點(diǎn)為:a的相反數(shù)為a25在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)(3,2)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是(3,2)【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【專題】數(shù)形結(jié)合【分析】根據(jù)平面直角坐標(biāo)系內(nèi)兩點(diǎn)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱橫縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),即可得出答案【解答】解:根據(jù)平面直角坐標(biāo)系內(nèi)兩點(diǎn)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱橫縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),點(diǎn)(3,2)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是(3,2),故答案為(3,2)【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題主要考查了平面直角坐標(biāo)系內(nèi)兩點(diǎn)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱橫縱坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),難度較小26已知點(diǎn)P(3,2),則點(diǎn)P關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P1的坐標(biāo)是(3,2),點(diǎn)P關(guān)于原點(diǎn)O的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P2的坐標(biāo)是(3,2)【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo);關(guān)

34、于x軸、y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)互為相反數(shù),縱坐標(biāo)相同;關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)與縱坐標(biāo)都互為相反數(shù)解答【解答】解:點(diǎn)P(3,2)關(guān)于y軸的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P1的坐標(biāo)是(3,2),點(diǎn)P關(guān)于原點(diǎn)O的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P2的坐標(biāo)是(3,2)故答案為:(3,2);(3,2)【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo),關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo),熟記對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特征是解題的關(guān)鍵27在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,點(diǎn)P(5,3)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是(5,3)【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【分析】根據(jù)關(guān)于坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)與縱坐標(biāo)都互為相反數(shù)解答【解答】解:點(diǎn)P(5,3)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)是(5,3)故答案為:(5,3)【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo),熟記關(guān)于坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)與縱坐標(biāo)都互為相反數(shù)是解題的關(guān)鍵28若將等腰直角三角形AOB按如圖所示放置,OB=2,則點(diǎn)A關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)為(1,1)【考點(diǎn)】關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)【分析】過(guò)點(diǎn)A作ADOB于點(diǎn)D,根據(jù)等腰直角三角形的性質(zhì)求出OD及AD的長(zhǎng),故可得出A點(diǎn)坐標(biāo),再由關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)特點(diǎn)即可得出結(jié)論【解答】解:過(guò)點(diǎn)A作ADOB于點(diǎn)D,AOB是等腰直角

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