英漢管道工程技術(shù)詞匯-測繪工程

1、第二十章 工程測繪A,aabrupt slope陡坡abscissa橫坐標(biāo)abscissa axis橫坐標(biāo)軸absolute accuracy, absolute precision絕對精度absolute altitude絕對高度absolute flying height絕對航高abutment橋墩accumulation of error累積誤差accuracy assessment精度評估，精度檢驗accuracy for horizontal control平面控制精度accuracy of angle角度精度accuracy of network控制網(wǎng)精度accuracy of r

2、anging測距精度accuracy rectification精糾正acoustic sounder回聲測聲器，回聲探測器actual area實際面積，有效面積actual distance實際距離adit(entrance) of the tunnel隧道入口adjacent flight line相鄰航線adjusted value平差值adjustment平差，校正adjustment of observations測量平差adjustment of traverse導(dǎo)線平差aerial digital camera航空數(shù)碼相機aerial image航空影像aerial photo

3、grammetry航空攝影測量學(xué)aerial strip survey航線測量aerial topographic map航測地形圖aerial triangulation空中三角測量aerial triangulation block空中三角測量模型affine rectification仿射糾正aid to navigation航標(biāo)air base航攝基線airborne laser mapping機載激光測圖alignment sheet線路圖alignment survey定線測量almanac歷書，概略星歷atlas information system地圖集信息系統(tǒng)altimete

4、r測高儀altimetric point 高程點altitude 高度，地平維度altitude angle高度角altitude correction高度改正analog aerotriangulation模擬空中三角測量analytical aerial triangulation 解析空中三角測量analytical plotter 解析測圖儀angle closing error of traverse 導(dǎo)線角度閉合差angle of deviation偏角，磁偏角angle of drift航偏角angular or distance intersection 角度距離交會annot

5、ation調(diào)繪；注記antenna接收機天線antenna phase center天線相位中心anti-jamming 抗干擾approximate coordinates近似坐標(biāo)architectural plan建筑平面圖area symbol面狀符號artificial earth satellite人造地球衛(wèi)星as-built survey竣工測量aspect of projection投影中心assumed coordinate system假定坐標(biāo)系astrogeodetic network天文大地網(wǎng)atlas地圖集atmospheric correction大氣改正attitu

6、de姿態(tài)attitude parameter姿態(tài)參數(shù)attribute data屬性數(shù)據(jù)automated cartographic system自動制圖系統(tǒng)average error平均誤差average error in altitude 高度平均誤差average error in position位置平均誤差azimuth方位角azimuth of photograph像片方位角B,bbacksight(BS)后視base point 基點base station基準(zhǔn)站base-height ratio基高比baseline基線basic network基本控制網(wǎng)basic scale

7、基本比例尺bathymetry測深bearing 方位bearing calibration方位校準(zhǔn)bench mark description水準(zhǔn)點之記benchmark(BM)水準(zhǔn)基點block adjustment區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差border圖廓，邊緣，界線border information圖廓注記borehole position survey鉆孔位置測量bracket支架bridge survey橋梁測量bubble水準(zhǔn)器，氣泡bubble offset水準(zhǔn)氣泡偏差bundle adjustment光束法平差C,cCAC機助地圖制圖cadastral map地籍圖cadastral su

8、rvey management地籍管理calibration檢校，校準(zhǔn)，標(biāo)定CAM計算機輔助測圖camera calibration相機檢校carrier phase measurement載波相位測量Cartesian coordinate system笛卡爾坐標(biāo)系cartograph制圖儀cartographic annotation地圖注記cartographic feature地圖地物cartography，cartology地圖學(xué)center line survey中線測量center of sheet圖幅中心centering error對中誤差centering of bubbl

9、e氣泡居中centering rod對中桿central line中線central meridian中央子午線central projection中心投影center of gravity重心chart海圖chart lettering海圖標(biāo)記chart scale海圖比例尺circuit closure環(huán)線閉合差circular bubble圓水準(zhǔn)器classification分類closed loop閉合環(huán)線closed loop traverse閉合環(huán)導(dǎo)線closed traverse閉合導(dǎo)線close-range photogrammetry近景攝影測量closing error閉合

10、差coast line survey岸線測量coastal survey沿岸測量，沿海測量collimation mark框標(biāo)color absorber濾光鏡，濾光片，消色器compass羅盤compass declination, magnetic declination磁偏角condition adjustment條件平差confidence置信度connecting traverse 附和導(dǎo)線construction control network施工控制網(wǎng)construction detail施工詳圖construction layout施工放樣construction survey

11、施工測量continuous observation連續(xù)觀測contour等高線contour interval 等高距contour label等高線標(biāo)注control network控制網(wǎng)control network for deformation obser- vation變形觀測控制網(wǎng)control point 控制點control survey控制測量control point coordinate(s)控制點坐標(biāo)coordinate坐標(biāo)coordinate adjustment坐標(biāo)平差coordinate axis坐標(biāo)軸coordinate conversion坐標(biāo)變換coord

12、inate system坐標(biāo)系coordinate transformation坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換correction for deformation變形改正correction for direction方向改正correction for parallax視差改正correction for tilt angle傾角改正correlation coefficient相關(guān)系數(shù)correlation registration相關(guān)配準(zhǔn)corresponding epipolar line同名核線corresponding image points同名像點course路線，路程，航線coverage圖層cr

13、est山脊critical value臨界值crosshair十字絲，十字瞄準(zhǔn)線cross-section drawing橫斷面圖cross-section survey橫斷面測量culture symbol 地物符號，人工建筑符號curvature曲率curve曲線curve layout曲線放樣cutoff angle, mask angle截止高度角cylindrical coordinate 柱面坐標(biāo)D,ddata accuracy數(shù)據(jù)精度data layering數(shù)據(jù)分層data of inner orientation內(nèi)方位元素data reduction, data compre

14、ssion數(shù)據(jù)壓縮data revision, data update數(shù)據(jù)更新data resolving/data calculating數(shù)據(jù)解算data vectorization數(shù)據(jù)矢量化datum基準(zhǔn)面datum of soundings測深基準(zhǔn)面DDN數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)decentering distortion偏心畸變差deformation變形，畸變deformation monitoring(observation)變形監(jiān)測（觀測）DEM數(shù)字高程模型densification加密densification network加密控制網(wǎng)depression angle俯角depth datu

15、m深度基準(zhǔn)面depth sounder測深儀detail drawing詳圖，細(xì)部圖detail point碎部點detail survey碎部測量detail work drawing施工詳圖detailed triangulation圖根三角測量，低等三角測量deviation偏差DGPS差分GPSDHM, DEM, DTEM數(shù)字高程模型differential correction差分改正differential interferometry差分干涉測量法digital distortion model(DDM)數(shù)字畸變模型digital landscape model(DLM)數(shù)字景觀

16、模型digital line graph(DLG)數(shù)字線畫地圖digital orthophoto map(DOM)數(shù)字正射影像圖digital raster graphics(DRG)數(shù)字柵格圖digital surface model(DSM)數(shù)字表面模型digital terrain model(DTM), digital ground model(DGM)數(shù)字地面模型dilution of precision(DOP)精度因子direction angle方向角displacement位移distance measuring instrument測距儀distance run航程dis

17、tortion 畸變distortion error畸變差draft草圖，設(shè)計圖樣drainage map水系圖dry land旱地E,eEarth ellipsoid, Earth spheroid地球橢球Earth observing satellites對地觀測衛(wèi)星Earth observing system(EOS)對地觀測系統(tǒng)Earth flattening地球扁率Earths rotation地球自轉(zhuǎn)Earths rotation parameter(ERP)地球自轉(zhuǎn)參數(shù)east longitude東經(jīng)eccentric angle偏心角eccentricity偏心率，離心率ech

18、o signal回波信號edge matching圖幅接邊effective radius有效半徑electromagnetic distance measurement電磁波測距electronic distance measuring instrument (EDM)電子測距儀electronic level電子水準(zhǔn)儀electronic theodolite電子經(jīng)緯儀electro-optical distance measuring instru- ment光電測距儀element of relative orientation相對定向元素element of absolute ori

19、entation絕對定向元素elevation accuracy高程精度elevation notation高程注記elevation point高程點elevation, height高程ellipsoid橢球ellipsoidal/ geodetic height大地高engineering control network工程控制網(wǎng)engineering drafting(drawings)工程制圖engineering survey工程測量engineering surveying(geodesy)工程測量學(xué)equatorial radius赤道半徑error equation誤差方程e

20、rror of closure閉合差exterior orientation element外方位元素eyepiece adjustment調(diào)焦(檢景器目鏡的)F,fface left盤左face right盤右fair drawing清繪fairway航道far range大測距，遠測距fault斷層，斷裂feature要素，特征feature attribute要素屬性feature catalogue要素分類feature points特征點fiducial network基準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)field book外業(yè)手簿field check外業(yè)檢核field manual外業(yè)規(guī)范，外業(yè)手冊field

21、 mapping野外填圖，制圖field reconnaissance野外勘測field sketch 外業(yè)草圖fieldwork外業(yè)fine adjustment微調(diào)，細(xì)調(diào)，精密平差first-order accuracy一等精度first-order benchmark一等水準(zhǔn)點first-order geodetic network一等大地網(wǎng)fixed antenna固定天線fixed point 固定點flight altitude飛行高度flight line of aerial photography攝影航線fight plan of aerial photography航攝計劃f

22、ocal length焦距footing基座fore-and-aft overlap航向重疊foresight(FS)前視fully digital mapping全數(shù)字化測圖fusion融合G,gGauss projection高斯投影Gauss-Krger projection高斯-克呂格投影Gauss-Markoff model高斯-馬爾柯夫模型geocenter地心geocentric coordinate 地心坐標(biāo)geocentric coordinate system地心坐標(biāo)系geocentric rectangular coordinate system地心直角坐標(biāo)系geodes

23、y大地測量學(xué)geodetic coordinate大地坐標(biāo)geodetic leveling大地水準(zhǔn)測量geodetic origin大地原點geodetic reference system大地測量參考系統(tǒng)geodetic reference system 19801980國際大地測量參考系統(tǒng)geographic coordinates地理坐標(biāo)geographic grid地理格網(wǎng)geographic information system(GIS)地理信息系統(tǒng)geographic latitude地理緯度geographic longitude地理經(jīng)度geoid大地水準(zhǔn)面geomatics測

24、繪學(xué)geometric accuracy幾何精度geometric co-registration幾何配準(zhǔn)geometric correction of image影像幾何糾正geometric precise correction幾何精糾正geo-robot測量機器人global gravity anomalies全球重力異常global navigation satellite system(GNSS)全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)global orbiting navigation satellite system(GLONASS)全球軌道導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)（俄羅斯）global positioning s

25、ystem(GPS)全球定位系統(tǒng)GPS carrier phaseGPS載波相位GPS receiverGPS接收機GPS surveyingGPS測量GPS time(GPST)GPS時間GPSurvey，TGOTrimble GPS接收機隨機軟件gradient坡度，斜率graphical solution圖解graphics圖形gravimeter重力儀gravity anomaly重力異常Greenwich mean time格林尼治時間grid azimuth坐標(biāo)方位角，格網(wǎng)方位角grid coordinate平面直角坐標(biāo)，格網(wǎng)坐標(biāo)grid map網(wǎng)格地圖grid north坐標(biāo)北方

26、向grid origin, origin of coordinate system坐標(biāo)原點grid-TIN混合形式的數(shù)字高程模型gross error粗差ground control point(GCP)地面控制點guide post路標(biāo)，方向標(biāo)H,hhalf-interval contour間曲線hand level手持水準(zhǔn)儀heading航向hedge樹籬，障礙物height datum，vertical datum高程基準(zhǔn)height of instrument(HI)儀器高height of target目標(biāo)高high resolution高分辨率high spatial resolu

27、tion高空間分辨率high spectral image高光譜圖像hillside山腰，山坡histogram直方圖historical map歷史地圖hologram photography全息攝影homologous image points同名像點horizontal accuracy水平精度horizontal control point, horizontal control station水平控制點horizontal coordinate，plane coordinate平面坐標(biāo)horizontal dilution of precision(HDOP)水平精度因子horizo

28、ntal plane平面horizontal survey水平測量，平面測量Huanghai vertical datum of 1956黃海1956高程系統(tǒng)hydrographic engineering survey水利工程測量hydrographic surveying and charting海洋測繪hypsometric map地勢圖I,iice-snow covered area冰雪覆蓋區(qū)域identifier標(biāo)識碼illuminated patch光斑，光點illuminating power亮度image acutance影像清晰度image coordinate像點坐標(biāo)ima

29、ge fusion影響融合image match影像匹配image mosaic影像鑲嵌image motion compensation(IMC)像移補償image point像點image pyramid影像金字塔image rectification影像糾正image registration影像配準(zhǔn)image resolution影像分辨率image sequence序列影像image shift像移image space coordinate system像空間坐標(biāo)系inclination angle，tilt angle傾角inclinometer and tiltmeter測斜儀

30、independent model aerial triangulation獨立模型法空中三角測量index contour計曲線，加粗等高線indirection adjustment間接平差inertial coordinate system慣性坐標(biāo)系inertial navigation system(INS)慣性導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)inertial surveying system(ISS)慣性測量系統(tǒng)inflection point拐點infrared EDM instrument, infrared ranger紅外測距儀inherent error固有誤差instrument adjustm

31、ent儀器校正instrument of geomatics engineering測繪儀器instrumental constant儀器常數(shù)instrumental error儀器誤差interactive processing人機交互處理interior orientation內(nèi)部定向intermediate contour首曲線，基本等高線interpolation point內(nèi)插點interpretation判讀，解譯intersection 前方交會intersection angle交會角island chart島嶼圖isobath等深線isoline map等值線地圖ice-sn

32、ow covered area冰雪覆蓋區(qū)域identifier標(biāo)識碼illuminated patch光斑，光點illuminating power亮度image acutance影像清晰度image coordinate像點坐標(biāo)image fusion影響融合image match影像匹配image mosaic影像鑲嵌image motion compensation(IMC)像移補償image point像點image pyramid影像金字塔image rectification影像糾正image registration影像配準(zhǔn)image resolution影像分辨率image s

33、equence序列影像image shift像移image space coordinate system像空間坐標(biāo)系inclination angle，tilt angle傾角inclinometer and tiltmeter測斜儀independent model aerial triangulation獨立模型法空中三角測量index contour計曲線，加粗等高線J,jjunction交叉口junction point of traverse導(dǎo)線節(jié)點K,kkilometer stone里程碑kinematic positioning動態(tài)定位known station已知站(點)Kr

34、asovsky ellipsoid克拉索夫斯基橢球L,lland boundary地界land feature地物，地貌landslide滑坡large scale大比例尺large scale topographic map大比例尺地形圖laser scanner激光掃描儀laser sounder激光測深儀lateral overlap旁向重疊latitude緯度legend圖例level水準(zhǔn)儀level surface水準(zhǔn)面leveler水準(zhǔn)測量員leveling network水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)leveling rod, leveling staff水準(zhǔn)尺LFC大像幅攝影機line symbol線

35、狀符號linear CCD push-broom線陣CCD推掃式linear correlation線性相關(guān)linear independent線性無關(guān)的local differential GPS局域差分GPSlocation map位置圖longitude經(jīng)度profile縱斷面圖longitudinal tilt, pitch航向傾角longitudinal view縱視圖land boundary地界land feature地物，地貌landslide滑坡large scale大比例尺large scale topographic map大比例尺地形圖laser scanner激光掃描

36、儀laser sounder激光測深儀lateral overlap旁向重疊latitude緯度legend圖例level水準(zhǔn)儀level surface水準(zhǔn)面leveler水準(zhǔn)測量員leveling network水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)leveling rod, leveling staff水準(zhǔn)尺LFC大像幅攝影機line symbol線狀符號linear CCD push-broom線陣CCD推掃式linear correlation線性相關(guān)linear independent線性無關(guān)的local differential GPS局域差分GPSlocation map位置圖longitude經(jīng)度profi

37、le縱斷面圖longitudinal tilt, pitch航向傾角longitudinal view縱視圖M,mmagnetic declination磁偏角magnetic sounder磁探測儀map appearance地圖整飾map query地圖查詢map scale地圖比例尺map symbol base地圖符號庫marine charting海洋繪圖metadata元數(shù)據(jù)metric camera量測攝影機microwave remote sensing微波遙感misclosure閉合差mobile mapping vehicle測繪車monitor監(jiān)測，監(jiān)視器mosaic鑲嵌

38、multiresolution多分辨率multiscale多尺度multispectral多光譜的N,nnational GPS control network國家GPS控制網(wǎng)national height datum 19851985國家高程基準(zhǔn)national horizontal control network國家平面控制網(wǎng)national leveling network國家水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)national vertical datum國家高程基準(zhǔn)negative負(fù)，負(fù)片network adjustment網(wǎng)平差network RTK網(wǎng)絡(luò)RTKNMEA導(dǎo)航數(shù)據(jù)格式north arrow指北針no

39、rth magnetic pole磁北極northern latitude北緯numerical accuracy數(shù)值精度O,oobject location目標(biāo)定位oblique aerial photography傾斜航空攝影像片observation error觀測誤差observation set測回observation, observed value觀測值offshore survey近海測量optical level光學(xué)水準(zhǔn)儀optical rangefinder光學(xué)測距儀optical theodolite光學(xué)經(jīng)緯儀orbit parameters軌道參數(shù)ordinate縱坐標(biāo)

40、ordinate axis縱坐標(biāo)軸，Y軸orientation定向ortho rectification正射糾正outline mapfor filling填充地圖overlap重疊度，交疊P,ppanchromatic全色的panoramic全景的parallax視差parameter參數(shù)，參變量pass point加密點pattern recognition模式識別permanent station永久測站，埋石測站，埋石點perpendicular垂線，垂直于petroleum exploration survey石油勘探測量photo rectification像片糾正pixel像素p

41、ipeline survey管線測量plan平面plane surveying平面測量plumb line鉛垂線point cloud點云point symbol點狀符號polar coordinate極坐標(biāo)position and attitude 位置和姿態(tài)position and orientation system(POS)定位與定向系統(tǒng)positioning, position fix定位positive正片post-processed GPS后處理GPSprecise engineering survey精密工程測量precise point positioning(PPP)精密單

42、點定位precise positioning service(PPS)精密定位服務(wù)precision精度precision estimation精度估計preliminary survey初測pre-processing預(yù)處理pressure altimeter氣壓高度計primary control network首級控制網(wǎng)primary scale基本比例尺profile survey縱斷面測量projection transformation投影變換proper scale成圖比例尺，規(guī)定比例尺pseudo-range偽距pseudo-range measurement偽距測量Q,qqu

43、ality control and validation質(zhì)量控制與評估quality evaluation質(zhì)量評價quasi-geoid似大地水準(zhǔn)面quasi-geoid height似大地水準(zhǔn)面高R,rradar雷達radargrammetry雷達圖像測量學(xué)，雷達圖像測量技術(shù)radiation compensation輻射補償radiation correction輻射校正railroad engineering survey鐵路工程測量random error偶然誤差random sampling隨機抽樣range positioning system測距定位系統(tǒng)rangefinder測距

44、儀raster data柵格數(shù)據(jù)rasterization柵格化raster-to-vector conversion柵格矢量轉(zhuǎn)換raw data原始數(shù)據(jù)real-time DGPS實時差分GPSreceiver接收機receiver antenna接收機天線rectangular coordinate直角坐標(biāo)rectification糾正reference base stations參考基站reference central meridian基準(zhǔn)中央子午線，基準(zhǔn)中央經(jīng)線reference ellipsoid參考橢球reference spheroid參考球體，參考橢球reflectance

45、spectrum反射光譜regular grid DEM規(guī)則格網(wǎng)數(shù)字高程模型relative accuracy相對精度relative altitude相對高度relief displacement投影差relief feature地形特征，地形要素relief map立體圖remote sensing(RS)遙感resampling重采樣resolution分辨率，分辨力reticule十字絲revision of topographic map地形圖更新revolution，rotation旋轉(zhuǎn)ridge line山脊線right-handed coordinate systems右手坐標(biāo)

46、系riverbed河床RMS均方根RMSE均方根誤差，中誤差road network道路網(wǎng)rotation parameters旋轉(zhuǎn)參數(shù)route analysis路徑分析route survey線路測量rover流動站roving receiver流動接收機RTK實時動態(tài)定位S,ssampling采樣，抽樣satellite altitude衛(wèi)星高度satellite positioning衛(wèi)星定位scale factor比例因數(shù)scan mode of airborne-based image laser radar機載激光成像雷達掃描成像模型scanning laser rangefin

47、der激光掃描測距seafloor topography海底地形seamless contiguity無縫拼接self-calibration自檢校semimajor axis長半軸sensitivity靈敏度，感光度setting-out survey放樣測量，施工放樣shaft豎井sheet number圖號sidereal day恒星日sidereal time恒星時signal-to-noise ratio信噪比signature特征，標(biāo)記，符號simultaneous observation同步觀測simultaneous，synchronous同步的，同時的single frequ

48、ency單頻site plan, site map工地（總）平面圖site preparation場地平整slope斜坡slope distance斜距slope line示坡線smoothness平滑度sounding field book水深測量手簿sounding line測深線sounding rod水深桿south semisphere南半球space intersection空間前方交會space resection空間后方交會spatial analysis空間分析spatial rectangular coordinate空間直角坐標(biāo)spatial resolution空間分辨率specification of survey測量規(guī)范spherical coordinate球面坐標(biāo)spheroid of revolution旋轉(zhuǎn)橢球staff標(biāo)尺stake樁，標(biāo)樁stake out定線，放樣standardization標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化static positioning靜態(tài)定位steel tape鋼尺st