高中英語改錯解題技巧

1、PAGE PAGE 5高中英語改錯解題技巧廣西南寧市南寧外國語學(xué)校 林萬春改錯的宗旨是測試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾錯文章中錯誤的能力。具體有錯詞、漏詞、多詞。簡稱“錯、漏、多”。學(xué)生務(wù)必關(guān)注命題角度、注意解題思路、掌握解題步驟與技巧，分清錯誤的類別，對癥下藥。思考判斷，大致有以下三種：一、錯詞：錯詞的類型復(fù)雜，但常見的還是搭配錯誤與語法錯誤，特別是學(xué)生平時寫作時常出的錯誤最易為命題者所關(guān)注。對于平時常常疏忽、常常出錯的地方要精心改正，做題時更要小心仔細。（如下表）命題角度考點解題思路名詞冠詞判斷名詞前的冠詞是否誤用名詞的數(shù)句中名詞該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)主謂一致根據(jù)上下文判斷動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)是否

2、有誤、主謂搭配是否正確非謂語動詞過現(xiàn)分詞，動名詞，不定式根據(jù)上下文判斷非謂語動詞是否誤用代詞人稱代詞的格、指定代詞及從句關(guān)系詞1. 人稱代詞的格是否誤用2. 代詞前后左右指代是否一致3. 定語從句中關(guān)系詞是否誤用形、副詞詞法判斷句中形容詞和副詞是否混淆使用介詞習(xí)慣用法習(xí)慣用法中介詞是否誤用連詞句法判斷句中并列連詞，從屬連詞是否誤用【考例】told me that something happened when her parents was out. (福建卷)【分析】waswere。parents是復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語。【考例】Im a newcomer here of a small tow

3、n. I would (山東卷)【分析】offrom。of 表示所屬關(guān)系，from 表示從某地來。（一）考點分析：錯詞原因很多，歸納起來，有以下幾個方面：1. 時態(tài)、語態(tài)誤用例1 The time passes quickly. 分析：原文講的是上周游覽峨眉山，故將passes改為passed。例2 Books must be keep for four weeks.分析：根據(jù)句意，該句為 HYPERLINK /Article/xiazai/Index.html t _blank 被動語態(tài)，故將keep改為kept。2. 非謂語動詞誤用例1 I was often a little tired

4、 after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort. 分析：and并列結(jié)構(gòu)之后缺少一個主語，故將watch改為watching。3. 主謂是否一致、主語和代詞是否一致例1 Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. 分析：句中my picture and the prize為并列主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)用 HYPERLINK /Article/zhonghe/Index.html t _blank 復(fù)數(shù)形式，故將is改為are。例2 The Smiths did his

5、 best to make me feel at home. 分析：句子的主語為復(fù)數(shù)，與之相應(yīng)的人稱代詞his應(yīng)改為their。4. 形容詞和副詞(比較等級)的誤用例1 As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. 分析：longer本身即構(gòu)成比較級，故將more去掉。例2 After learning the basic of the subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me. 分析：

6、連系動詞后要用形容詞，故將practically改為practical。5. 連接詞的誤用例1 The food was expensive and the service was good. 分析：the food was expensive與the service was good 是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，不是并列關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將and改為but。例2 I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends that a great time I had. 分析：此句中含一個感嘆句作told的賓語，故應(yīng)將that改為what才正確。6. 思維定勢的干擾例 I al

7、so enjoyed the evening when we spent together.分析：盡管evening是時間名詞，但是spend是及物動詞，需要關(guān)系代詞作賓語，故應(yīng)將when改為which / that, 或者將when去掉。7. 句式結(jié)構(gòu)中平行、并列關(guān)系混亂 例1 It was very kind of you to meet me at the railway station and drove me to your home. 分析：句中drove應(yīng)改為drive, 才能與前面的to meet保持平行并列關(guān)系。例2 As we climbed the mountains,

8、we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. 分析：句中用了三個并列的謂語動詞，故應(yīng)將visiting改為visited。8. 行文邏輯錯誤例1 Now someone at home reads instead. 分析：根據(jù)上文可知，電視機賣掉以后全家人都看書，故應(yīng)someone 改為 everyone。（二）對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練1. Different people speak different language.1. _2. Last Sunday, the police cars hurry to the tallest building.

9、2. _3. The students each has a dictionary.3. _4. There are falling leaves on the ground.4. _5. Im looking forward to hear from you soon.5. _6. One should love their country.6. _ 7. The population in China is much larger than those in Japan.7. _ 8. This is the countryside where I visited 3 years ago.

10、8. _9. Try to write as careful as you can.9. _10. We asked him to help us and he refused.10. _答案：1. language 應(yīng)加s;2. hurry應(yīng)改為 hurried3. has應(yīng)該為have; 4. falling應(yīng)該為 fallen 5. hear 應(yīng)改為hearing6. their應(yīng)改為her/his; 7. those應(yīng)改為 that8. where應(yīng)改為 that/which9. careful 應(yīng)改為carefully 10. and應(yīng)改為 but。二、漏詞：漏掉的往往是冠詞，介詞，

11、連詞等虛詞。這又與前后詞的搭配有關(guān)。見到名詞，應(yīng)考慮是否缺了冠詞，見到動詞，可注意后面是否少了應(yīng)與之搭配的介詞或其它詞。（如下表）命題角度考點解題思路名詞冠詞名詞前是否漏冠詞不及物動詞介詞不及物動詞后是否漏介詞不定式小品詞to不定式中是否漏少了不該省的“to”被動語態(tài)助動詞被動語態(tài)中是否漏少了助詞母語遷移詞類用法將形容詞，副詞或介詞視作動詞使句子漏少謂語部分的動詞固定搭配習(xí)慣用法習(xí)慣用法中是否漏了不可缺少的詞【考例】The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me. (全國卷)【分析】在English 前加my。根據(jù)句

12、意可知應(yīng)是指“我的英語老師”。【考例】afternoon. You wont find difficult to get to the city. (甘肅、青海卷)【分析】在 find 后加 it。構(gòu)成 find it difficult to do sth，it 作形式賓語。（一）考點分析句中漏掉了必不可少的詞語，導(dǎo)致句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意義不完整，這些詞多為功能詞，如系動詞、冠詞、物主代詞、介詞及不定式符號“to”等。例1 Its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.分析：可數(shù)名詞表泛指，前面要加不定冠詞，故在famous前加a。

13、例2 I was happy with any program the others spent a lot time arguing.分析：a lot加of才能接名詞，故在time前加of。例3 The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me. 分析：可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)有限定詞修飾。根據(jù)文意應(yīng)為“我的英語老師”，故在English前加my。例4 Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday.分析：time本為不可數(shù)名詞，但當(dāng)它表示“一段時

14、間”時，前面要加不定冠詞a，故在time前加a。例5 My parents love me dearly of course and will do what they can make sure that I get a good education. 分析：本句中can后省掉了與前面相同的實義動詞do，后面的不定式to階段make作狀語，故應(yīng)在make前加to。（二）對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練She is such good teacher that we all like her.1. _She asked me to watch for the traffic on the roads.2. _I li

15、ke swimming, but I wont be able tomorrow.3. _At age of 12, he started writing his own book.4. _He interested in playing the computer games.5._His father not here and he had been to Shanghai.6. _I against the plan that he put forward just now.7. _ I like playing football. What you?8. _ Have you invit

16、ed John to our party? Yes, he has invited.9. _ The baby is taken good care by his grandma.10._答案：1.good前加 a2. watch后加 out3. able 后加to4. age前加the；5. interested前加 is6. not 前加was 7. against前加am8. What后加about；9. invited前加been10. care后加of。)三、多詞：多余的詞，往往是結(jié)構(gòu)詞，如冠詞、介詞、代詞等。一種是根據(jù)涉及到的名詞、動詞的特點、搭配和含義判斷是否多了冠詞、介詞或副詞

17、。另一種是根據(jù)全句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，判斷是否多了連詞或其它詞。（如下表）命題角度考點解題思路名詞冠詞 抽象名詞，物質(zhì)名詞泛指時是否多了冠詞動詞介詞 及物動詞后受母語影響是否多了介詞不定式小品詞to 不定式前是否多了應(yīng)該省的“to”代詞代詞 定語從句中是否多了代詞形、副詞比較結(jié)構(gòu) 形容詞，副詞比較結(jié)構(gòu)中是否多了相似詞固定搭配習(xí)慣用法 固定搭配是否“畫蛇添足”【考例】 in a school for students from Tibet. As we were all left home(天津卷) 【分析】去掉 were。動詞 leave 作“離開”時，是不及物動詞，沒有 HYPERLINK /Ar

18、ticle/xiazai/Index.html t _blank 被動語態(tài)。（一）考點分析多詞錯誤是受漢語的干擾和影響，而出現(xiàn)的漢語式表達方式，這些詞多為冠詞、介詞、代詞或連接詞等。例1. Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. 分析：catch sight of為固定詞組，意為“看到”，故將不定冠詞a去掉。例2. But we dont seem to get much time to talk about together. 分析：句中未交代談話內(nèi)容，介詞about是多余的。故去掉。例3. I hope

19、that both you two could come and visit us some time soon. 分析：句中both與two并用，屬意義重復(fù)。表示“你們倆”可以說you two或you both, 故應(yīng)將both去掉。例4. Ill spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. 分析：all與whole 連用，造成語義重復(fù)，故將all去掉。例5. In some places you may borrow as many books as you want, in other places where you are limited to a certain number, of which some may be novels. 分析：此句是簡單句，不含有定語從句，in other places是句子的地點狀語，故應(yīng)去掉where。例6. So Im really sorry that I wont be able to come in this time. 分析：去掉 in，因 this time 可直接用時間作狀語 (北京春季卷)例7. Suddenly, I caught a sight of my En