英語句子成分講解及句子類型課件

1、(最新整理)英語句子成分講解及句子類型2021/7/261取得英語語法成功的基石句子成分2021/7/262詞類作 用例 詞1. （n.）名 詞表示人或事物的名稱。I bought a book .She is a student.2. (pron.）代詞代替名詞、數(shù)詞等。This is my friend. He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him. Parts of Speach2021/7/2633. （adj.）形容詞表示人或事物的特征或性狀。He is small but he is clever. The red pen

2、is useful for the teacher. He painted the wall white yesterday.2021/7/2644. (num.）數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目或順序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.5. （v.）動(dòng) 詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。We are working hard at English.I want to become an engineer.2021/7/2656. （adv.）副 詞表示動(dòng)作的特征或性狀特征。I like English very much.The te

3、acher treats us kindly .The train goes fast. He seldom comes to see us. 7. (prep.）介 詞表示名詞、代詞和其他詞之間的關(guān)系。He usually stay at home on Sundays.2021/7/2668. （conj.）連詞連接詞與詞或句與句的作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends. Two or three of us can dance well but I cant .9. (interj.）感嘆詞表示強(qiáng)烈的感情Oh !

4、 How beautiful the scene is! What a good idea! Goodness !10. （art.）冠詞用來限制名詞的意義I have a pet dog . The dog is very lovely. He is an old man but very strong.2021/7/267一、主語主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。主語一般位于_ 。1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing footbal

5、l after school is great fun.句首2021/7/2681. We love China.2. She seems tired. 3. He can speak English 4. We have finished reading this book.二、謂語謂語:說明主語做什么或怎么樣。通常由_ 充當(dāng).動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,連系動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞.動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞（V.）2021/7/269情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.They can speak English well.They are playing

6、 over there.2021/7/26101）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞，用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be （am,is ,are,was,were,been,being）一詞 He is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞，用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。 系動(dòng)詞2021/7/26113）表像系動(dòng)詞，用來表示看起來像這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.4）感官系動(dòng)

7、詞，主要有feel, smell, sound, tasteThis flower smells very sweet. 2021/7/26125）變化系動(dòng)詞，表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, comeHe became mad after that. 6）終止系動(dòng)詞，表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn outThe rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。2021/7/2613謂語（V.）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞2

8、021/7/2614三、賓語賓語：動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，說明主語做什么。一般放在_或_后面.1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.雙賓語：指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。 He gave me two books.及物動(dòng)詞介詞2021/7/2615表語：跟在連系動(dòng)詞后面的詞語或從句,用來說明主語的身份,特征,狀態(tài).The trees turn green.The flowers are beautiful .My job is to teach you En

9、glish.The question is how we can get there.四、表語2021/7/2616定語：用來修飾限定_. This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.五、定語名詞2021/7/2617狀語：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明

10、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、因果、條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。 六、狀語2021/7/2618John often came to chat with me As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago.Though he is young, he knows a lot.He came running. (程度 目的)（地點(diǎn) 伴隨） （地點(diǎn) 時(shí)間）（讓步）（方式

11、）(原因)2021/7/2619補(bǔ)語是用于補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語的身份或特征。七、補(bǔ)語Everyone calls him Jack. （賓補(bǔ)）He is called Jack.（主補(bǔ)）2021/7/2620同位語是位于名詞或代詞后面的個(gè)別名詞或名詞詞組，對(duì)前者進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、同位語2021/7/2621一、主語 主語可以用下面這些東西表示：1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2.

12、He likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )8. What he needs is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名詞代詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)名詞不定式疑問詞+不定式從句It作形式主語，that從句是

13、真正的主語2021/7/2622當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。什么情況下用it作形式主語？2021/7/2623 你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語嗎?你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ) 說謊是錯(cuò)誤的。爭(zhēng)吵是沒用的。誰要來還不確定。2021/7/2624

14、二、賓語 賓語可以用下面這些東西表示：1.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )6.He did not know what to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.( )名詞代詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)名詞不定式疑問詞+

15、不定式從句It作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語2021/7/2625二、表語 表語可以用下面這些東西表示： He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is this.( ) She was the first to arrive.( ) I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( ) He is out of danger.( ) The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( ) What surprised me most was that he spoke Chi

16、nese so well.( )名詞代詞數(shù)詞從句形容詞/副詞介詞短語分詞2021/7/2626三、定語 定語可以用下面這些東西表示：Its a red car.( )They live in the room above.( )My brother is a teacher.( )We belong to the third world.( )Lucys father is a poor worker.( )Mother made a birthday cake for me.( )The man under the tree is my teacher.( )The swimming boy

17、 is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )形容詞副詞代詞數(shù)詞名詞所有格名詞介詞短語現(xiàn)在分詞2021/7/2627三、定語 定語可以用下面這些東西表示：I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.( )There are two things to be discussed today.（ ）Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（ ）This is th

18、e very book that I need. （ ）過去分詞不定式動(dòng)名詞從句2021/7/2628四、狀語 狀語可以用下面這些東西表示：He is often late for class.( )We saw that picture at the cinema.( )He sat there smoking.( )They returned tired and hungry. （ ）They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ）Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( )The bo

19、x is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( )副詞，程度介詞短語，地點(diǎn)分詞，伴隨不定式，目的形容詞，狀態(tài)讓步狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句2021/7/2629四、狀語 狀語可以用下面這些東西表示：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ）He was angry because we were late( ）If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ) 時(shí)間狀語從句原因狀語從句條件狀語從句2021/7/2630五、賓語補(bǔ)足語：I consider Jim

20、 a good friend.( )I always find her happy.( )People praised him as a hero.( )I had the TV fixed.( )I saw him entering the building.( )What made you think so?( )Do you want me to go?( )形容詞名詞介詞短語過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞省略掉to的不定式不定式2021/7/2631英語句子的種類簡(jiǎn)單句 (simple sentence)只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)They are playing baseball in the garden

21、. Her brother and sisiter are both teachers.并列句 (compound sentence)Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasnt intereted in it.Hurry up,or youll be late.由and,but,or,so這四個(gè)并列連詞連接，而“，”逗號(hào)是不能連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的。復(fù)合句 (complex sentence)If he is all right tomorrow, h

22、e will come.I went to bed afer I finished my homework.連詞主句從句（狀語）主句連詞從句（狀語）2021/7/2632簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型2021/7/2633英語五種基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： （主謂） 基本句型二：（主系表） 基本句型三： （主謂賓） 基本句型四： （主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）2021/7/2634基本句型一 主謂 （S + V）S + VShe cooks.He is working.What he said does not matter.The pen writes smoothly.2021/7/2635基本句型一 主謂SVShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matter.The pen writes smoothly.2021/7/2636基本句型二 主系表S+V+PHe is happy.Every thing looks nice. His face turned red.2021/7/2637基本句型二 主系表SVPHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice. His faceturnedred.2021/7/2638基本句型