高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前訓(xùn)練試題精選與語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)和配套練習(xí)題

1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)一：句子成分；簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。（二）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名詞

2、）We often speak English in class.（代詞）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（動(dòng)名詞）The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語(yǔ)從句）It is necessary to

3、 master a foreign language.（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）（三）謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning.2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：We are students.（四）表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身

4、份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）Is it yours?（代詞）The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）The speech is exciting.（分詞）Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His

5、hobby（愛(ài)好）is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞）The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）（五）賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（

6、代詞）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語(yǔ)）I enjoy listening to popular music.（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語(yǔ)從句）賓語(yǔ)種類：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓

7、語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名詞）They painted their boat white.（形容詞）Let the fresh air in.（副詞）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.

8、（不定式短語(yǔ)）We saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語(yǔ)）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）（七）定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞） There are thirty

9、women teachers is our school.（名詞）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語(yǔ)）（八）狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，

10、叫做狀語(yǔ)。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語(yǔ)）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語(yǔ)）He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語(yǔ)）Wait a minute.（名詞）Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語(yǔ)從句）狀語(yǔ)種類如下：How about meeting

11、again at six?（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語(yǔ)）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（條件狀語(yǔ)）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語(yǔ)）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）In order to catch up with th

12、e others, I must work harder.（目的狀語(yǔ)）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語(yǔ)）I am taller than he is.（比較狀語(yǔ)）練習(xí)一一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4.

13、What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He

14、managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty

15、 to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)（）、謂語(yǔ)（）、賓語(yǔ)（）：I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of

16、 year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large,

17、my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to differ

18、ent parts of the garden.三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)（）、狀語(yǔ)（）、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, bec

19、ause I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get

20、 some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 四、選擇填空：( )1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tast

21、ed _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet( ) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded( )6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we( )7.

22、He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is( ) 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in

23、which D. where二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句（一）句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before.2）疑問(wèn)句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is!2、按句

24、子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road

25、is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型1、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)：e.g. He is a student.2、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞：e.g. We work.3、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙

26、賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）：e.g. My father bought me a car.5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。（三）并列句的分類1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. H

27、urry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every da

28、y I work from dawn until dark.（四）高考考點(diǎn)探討1、簡(jiǎn)單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多，但是在閱讀中有時(shí)需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書(shū)面表達(dá)中，沒(méi)有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語(yǔ)句子來(lái)表達(dá)清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。有時(shí)把祈使句與反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)合于一體來(lái)考查。一個(gè)題目，幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。3、高考對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對(duì)連詞的選擇和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。4、各種主

29、從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句最為明顯，時(shí)間從句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來(lái)時(shí)，從句則用一般式表將來(lái)，這一點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)常考查。如：We will go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow。練習(xí)二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句一、判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room,

30、isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting

31、is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.二、判斷下列短文中各句是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：I hope you are very well（）. Im fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month he

32、re（）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（

33、）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（）. But he employs more men for the harvest（）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）. It doesnt often rain in the summer here（）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（）. Every evening we pump water from a we

34、ll（）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（）.Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（）. These parties often make us very happy（）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（）. Its great（）! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion（）. Some of my friend

35、s drink beer（）. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party（）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（）. There are five different time areas in the States（）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（）. How many different time areas do you have

36、in China（）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（）. Please give my best regards to your parents（）. 三、選擇填空：1. Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it.A. andB. orC. ifD. so2. Its the third time that John has been late, _?A. hasnt heB. isnt he C. isnt itD. hasnt it3. _ joyful he was to meet

37、his brother again!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an4. Let us pass, _?A. shant weB. shall weC. wont weD. will you5. I suppose hes serious, _ ?A. do IB. dont IC. is heD. isnt he6. You had better not smoke here, _?A. will youB. had youC. shall youD. have you7. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the sw

38、imming competition.A. thenB. butC. andD. or8. Im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.A. andB. butC. soD. because9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and _.A. Henry hasnt too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neit

39、her has Henry10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming.A. orB. forC. whileD. so11. - Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home? - Id like to go out.A. orB. andC. butD. so12. - “_ is the temperature today?”-“Its 38 degrees.”A.

40、WhichB. HowC. How hotD. How high13. - Your uncle isnt an engineer, is he?- _.A. Yes, he isntB. No, he isntC. No, he isD. He is14. _ friendly _ to everyone!A. How, is sheB. What, is sheC. How, she isD. What, she is15. Mary went to bed early, _ she felt very tired.A. orB. soC. forD. yet16. Mother _ a

41、dress when she cut her finger.A. was makingB. makesC. is makingD. made17. He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library.A. butB. andC. orD. yet18. - Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do. - _ what you want and I can get it for you.A. Tell meB. If you would say to meC. You wi

42、ll tell meD. If you tell me19. As he is strong, _ can lift one hundred pounds.A. yet heB. but heC. andD. he20. - I thought you had an umbrella.- I had, _ Ive lost it.A. sinceB. butC. becauseD. so21. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room.A. Turning B. To turnC. Turned D. Turn22. - I do

43、nt like chicken _ fish.- I dont like chicken _ I like fish very much.A. and, andB. and, butC. or, andD. or, but23. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to, _ Im too busy.A. andB. soC. asD. but24. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?A. andB. thenC

44、. orD. otherwise25. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived26. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointed27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _

45、, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A. whomB. whereC. whichD. while28. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave29. - Alice, you feed the bird today, _?- But I fed it yesterday.A. do youB. will youC. didnt youD. dont you30. _ him and then try to copy

46、 what he does.A. MindB. Glance atC. Stare atD. Watch 四、按要求完成下列句子：1. He dares to tell the truth.（改為否定句）2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)）3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, _?（完成反意疑問(wèn)）4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改為祈使句）5. They went for a w

47、alk after supper yesterday evening.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)6. It is an interesting story.（改為感嘆句）7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)）8. They could hardly believe his words, _?（完成反意疑問(wèn)）9. The moon is shining brightly.（改為感嘆句）10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class.

48、 （對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)二、主謂一致在英語(yǔ)句子里，謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則，即語(yǔ)法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。（一）語(yǔ)法一致原則：語(yǔ)法上一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important

49、 for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、由連接詞and或both and連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面，要

50、用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意： 若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / 由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , m

51、any a (an)修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.3、主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wif

52、e and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4、either, neither, each, every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.注意： 在口語(yǔ)中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（或代

53、詞）”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.5、在定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends

54、who is working hard.6、如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意：people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the lost child.7、由“a lo

55、t of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.注意： a number of“許多”，作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of“的數(shù)量”，主語(yǔ)是n

56、umber，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。8、在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.（二）邏輯意義一致原則：邏輯意義一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的意義一致（因有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)）。1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來(lái)決定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your

57、 bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2、表示“時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式， 這是由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英語(yǔ)是書(shū)名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.4、表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式（

58、也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.5、算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6、一些學(xué)科名詞是以 ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：The paper works was built in

59、1990. / I think physics isnt easy to study.7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8、“定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。（三）就近一致原則：在英語(yǔ)句子中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。1、當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由either or, neither no

60、r, whether or , not only but also連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?2、there be句型be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意：Here引導(dǎo)的句子用