人教版八年級英語上冊第三單元重點知識詳解2份

1、第三單元重點知識短語歸納1、more outgoing 更外向 2、asas 與一樣3、the singing competition 歌詠比賽 4、the most important 最重要的5、be talented in music 有音樂天賦 6、the same as 與不同；與一致7、care about 關心，在意8、take care of = look after 照顧，照看9、be different from 與不同；與有差異（反義詞 be the same as 與相同）10、be like a mirror 像一面鏡子 11、as long as 只要；既然12、b

2、ring out 使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出來13、get good grades 取得好成績 get better grades 取得更好的成績14、reach for ones hand 伸手幫助某人一把15、touch ones heart 感動某人 Keep in touch 保持聯(lián)系 get in touch 取得聯(lián)系16、in fact 確切的說；事實上；實際上 17、make friends 交朋友18、be good at 擅長 19、be there 隨叫隨到；不離左右20、be similar to 與相像的、類似的21、be good with 善于應付的 22、bothand 與

3、.都23、callat 撥打找24、to learn something new 學習新東西25、be talented in 在某方面有天賦26、break into 強行進入，闖入 break off 中斷說話break down 出故障27、arm in arm 臂挽臂 with open arms 張開雙臂二、用法集萃1、have fun doing sth 2、bothand 與都；既又3、loud(形容詞，喧鬧的，大聲的，響亮的) + ly loudly(副詞，喧鬧地，大聲地，響亮地)4、quiet（形容詞，安靜的） + ly quietly（副詞，安靜地）5、talent（名詞，

4、天資，天賦，天才）+ ed talented（形容詞，有才能的；有才干的） 6、be serious about 對認真 Serious（形容詞，認真的；當真的；嚴重的；危急的）+ lyseriously（副詞，嚴肅地；嚴重地；認真地）7、make sb do sth 讓某人做某事 Make sb/sth + 形容詞 讓某人/某物 Make sb + 名詞 讓某人成為8、Thats why 這便是為什么,這就是 Thats because 這是因為9、Its + 形容詞 + for/ of sb + to do sth 對某人來說，做某事是(此處It 是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式短語（

5、to do）It is necessary for people to have food and water every day.Its very nice of you to lend an umbrella to me.10、Its necessary (for sb) to do sth 對某人來說做某事很必要11、bring out 使顯現(xiàn)、使表現(xiàn)出bring out the best/worst in sb 把某人最好/最壞的一面表現(xiàn)或顯露出來Please tell me how to bring out the best in me.12、share sth with sb 與某

6、人分享某物Its necessary for kids to learn to share their ideas with friends.13、be there隨時提供幫助，時刻準備伸手相助，隨叫隨到，不離左右He is always there for me.14、information不可數(shù)名詞，意為：“信息，消息”。 a piece of information一條信息 two pieces of information兩條信息三、詞類辨析bothand/ both of/ all/all of/ either or/ neither .nor/not onlybut also/an

7、y otherbothand“兩者都”，連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)Both my father and my mother have been to Shanghai. both of + 復數(shù)人稱代詞或復數(shù)名詞意為：“兩者都”，作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式Maybe both of them are busy.all用于三者或三者以上，表示“都”。注：1、作主語時，籠統(tǒng)的表示所有人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式2、籠統(tǒng)的表示所有事物或現(xiàn)象時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式All are here.All is silent.（萬籟俱寂）all of （三者以上）都either or“或者或者”在連接

8、主語時，謂語動詞根據(jù)靠近的主語名詞確定單復數(shù)（就近原則）Either you or I am wrong.neither .nor“既不也不”就近原則Neither Mary nor Tom works in this school.not onlybut also“不但而且”就近原則Not only all the students but also their English teacher has read the storybook.any other + 名詞單數(shù)其他任何一個（三者以上任何一個）Shanghai is larger than anyother city in Chin

9、a. 注：Aboth of ,all of 作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；none of作主語時，謂語動詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復數(shù)；either of , neither of 作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。Bboth, neither , either , all , none , any 都可以與of 連用，后面的人稱代詞要用賓格2、hard-working/ hard work/ work hardhard-working形容詞，“工作努力的，辛勤的”He is a hard-working boy.hard work名詞短語，“辛苦的工作”，hard是形容詞，修飾不可數(shù)名詞workWhat

10、 hard work it is!work hard短語動詞，“努力工作”，hard是副詞，修飾動詞workHe always works hard.3、laugh/smilelaugh“出聲地大笑”，不但有面部表情，而且還有聲音laugh at“嘲笑，因而發(fā)笑”smile“無聲地微笑”，指的是面部表情smile at向微笑4、be like/look likebe like像一樣側重人的“內在氣質，如：品質、性格、品行等”Kate is like her mother. They are both quiet.look like看起來像側重人的“外貌，如：高、矮、胖、瘦”Kate looks

11、 like her mother. They are both tall and thin.5、the other/the others/other/others/anotherthe other特指“兩者中的另一個”，onethe other“一個另一個”，后可接數(shù)詞或復數(shù)名詞，特指“其他的”the others特指某一范圍內的“其他的人或物”，是the other 的復數(shù)形式，相當于“the other+ 復數(shù)名詞”other作形容詞或代詞，泛指“別的，其他的”，只修飾復數(shù)others作代詞，泛指“其他的人或物”，不能修飾名詞，可與of 連用，后跟them/us/you或特指的復數(shù)anot

12、her泛指三個或三個以上同類事物中的“另一個”，代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞He has two brothers. One is a teacher, and the other is a doctor.You two stay here, and the others go with me.We learn Chinese, math, English, and other subjects.Some students are doing homework, others are talking loudly.I dont like this one. Please show me anothe

13、r.Other,theother,another,others同步練習1. Theresno_waytodoit.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherDothers2.Somepeopleliketorestintheirfreetime._liketotravel.A.OtherB.Theothers C.Others D.Another3.Thiscakeisdelicious!CanIhave_piece,pleaseA.otherB.anotherC.othersD.theother4.Whereare_boysA.theotherB. theothersC.other

14、sD.another5.Thesupermarketison_sideofthestreet.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.others6.Therewerethreebooksonmytable.Oneishere.Whereare_A.othersB.theothersC.theotherD.another7.Someofthespeakerswentstraighttotheconferenceroom._speakersarestillhangingaround.A.TheotherB.TheothersC.AnotherD.Others8.Thisisnot

15、theonlyanswertothequestion.Thereare_. A.theothersB.othersC.anotherD.theother9.Pleasegiveme_chance.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.theothers11.Idontlikethoseshoes.Pleaseshowme_.A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.someothers12.Marydidntwant_ofthetwokindsandaskedtheshopassistanttoshowher_.A.both;theotherB.all;theo

16、thersC.either;anotherD.other;theothers13.Mr.Turnerboughttwobikes.Onewasforhiswife,and_wasforhisson.A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.one14.hehastwosons.Oneisadoctor,_isastudent.Heisnowstudyingat_university.A.another;aB.theother;anC.theother;aD.another;an15.-Wouldyoulike_apples-_,please.A.somemore;anothert

17、wo B.anymore;Twomore C.another;twomore D.somemore;Other16.Therearetwenty-eightstudentsintheclass.Tenofthemaregirlsand_areboys.A.theotherB.theothersC.othersD.other17.Idontlikethispen.Wouldyoupleaseshowme_oneA.anotherB.theotherC.otherD.others18.Ihavesixcoloredpencils;oneisblue,anotherisred,and_aregree

18、nA.othersB.anotherC.othersD.theothers19.-Haveyoufinishedyourreportyet -No.Illfinishitin_tenminutes.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.less四、重點語法、形容詞、副詞的比較級與最高級大多數(shù)形容詞與副詞有三個等級：原級、比較級、最高級；比較級表示“更”，用于兩者（人或事物）之間的比較； 最高級表示“最”，用于三者或三者以上的（人或事物）之間的比較；比較級及最高級的構成：規(guī)則變化分類構成示例一般情況在詞尾加-er，-esttalltallertallest fastfasterfast

19、est以字母-e結尾的詞在詞尾加-r ,- stnicenicernicest latelaterlatest重讀閉音節(jié)詞詞尾只有一個輔音字母先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-er , -estthinthinnerthinnest bigbiggerbiggest以“輔音字母+y”結尾的雙音節(jié)詞先變y為i, 再加-er, -esteasyeasiereasiest earlyearlierearliest多音節(jié)詞與部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more, mostinterestingmore interestingmost interestingcomfortablemore comfortablemost

20、comfortable不規(guī)則變化good/well better bestbad/badly worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther（只指距離，更遠的） farthest further（指距離：更遠的，等同于farther;指程度：更深入的） furthestold older（指年齡，新舊） oldestelder（指血緣） eldest比較級的常用句型結構：甲+ be + 形容詞比較級 + than + 乙 甲 + 實義動詞 + 副詞比較級 + than + 乙 （甲比乙） 注than 后面接代詞時，一般用主格

21、，但也可用賓格，如果than 后為一個小句子，不可使用賓格。He works harder than me .He works harder than I do.甲 + be + 倍數(shù) + 形容詞比較級 + than + 乙 甲 + 實義動詞 + 倍數(shù) +副詞比較級 + than + 乙 （甲是乙的幾倍）甲 + be + the + 形容詞比較級 + of the two （+）（甲是兩者中較的）比較級+and+比較級 more and more + 原級（多音節(jié)詞或部分雙音節(jié)詞） （越來越）the + 比較級， the + 比較級 （越，越）疑問詞 + be + 形容詞比較級，甲 or 乙？

22、 疑問詞 + 實義動詞 + 副詞比較級，甲 or 乙？常見的修飾形容詞比較級的前置詞Amuch/a lot/far + 形容詞比較級（得多）Ba bit/a little + 形容詞比較級（稍微）Ceven + 形容詞比較級（甚至）最高級的常用句型主語 + be + the +形容詞最高級 + in/of 短語（ 是 中最的）注：of 后一般接表示一群人或事物的代詞或名詞；in后一般接表示單位或場所的名詞主語 + 實義動詞 + （the）+ 副詞最高級 + in/of 短語（是中最的）主語 + be + one of the + 形容詞最高級 + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) + in/of短語 （是中最的之

23、一）疑問詞 + be + the + 形容詞最高級 + 甲、乙or 丙？疑問詞 + 助動詞 + 主語 + 動詞原形 + （the）+ 副詞最高級 + 甲、乙or 丙？the + 序數(shù)詞 + 形容詞最高級 + 名詞（第幾最的）比較級表達最高級的含義A比較級 + than any other + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（比其他任何一個都）強調在同一范圍內作比較B比較級 + than any + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（比其他任何都）強調不在同一范圍內作比較比較級的用法A原級的用法常用“as + 形容詞比較級+ as”的結構在否定句中，既可用“asas”結構，也可用“soas”助記口訣：同級比較用原級，asas永不離;

24、 若是否定加not，asas 否前者asas加not，說明兩者有區(qū); soas 加not，后者總是強前者eg: Tom gets up as early as Jim. Lucy isnt as outgoing as Mary. =Lucy isnt so outgoing as Mary.B一方高于或低于另一方的比較 “形容詞比較級 + than”C表示兩者程度不同的其他結構“用more than ,not more than, less than, not less than等”同步練習1、Although we are twins, Im _ than my brother.A、out

25、going B、more outgoingC、most outgoing D、the most outgoing2、Which subject do you like_ ,English or math Of course, English. A、well B、better C、best3、If more people give up driving cars, the air will get much_ in a few years. A、clean B、cleaner C、the cleaner D、the cleanest4、Time is money. But I think tim

26、e is _ money.A、as important as B、more important as C、the most important in D、more important than5、What do you think of Toms speechNo one does_ in our class.A、good B、better C、well D、best6、The more you smile, the_ you will feel.A、happy B、happier C、happily D、more happily7、Who is _ ,Tom or JimA、outgoing

27、 B、more heavy C、thinner D、hard- working8、I am sorry this coat is not big enough. I want a _ one.A、bigger B、big C、smaller D、small9、Which city is _ beautiful, Hangzhou ,Beijing or Shanghai Hangzhou , I think.A、the most B、the better C、more10、Ma Yun , head of Alibaba , is one of _ persons in the world.A

28、、rich B、richer C、richest D、the richest11、I think Mary sang _（well）of all.12、Which month has _ days in a yearFebruary.A、few B、little C、the least D、the fewest13、Whose home is _ away from school in our classLiu Meis.A、farther B、far C、the farthest D、near 14、This temple is one of _ buildings in the town.

29、 We must take action to protect it .A、old B、older C、oldest D、the oldest 15、The girl is quieter than any other girl in our class.（改為同義句）The girl is _ _ of all the girls in our class.反義疑問句1、表示提問人的看法，沒有把握，需要對方證實2、原則：A反意疑問句由兩部分組成：前一部分是一個陳述句，后一部分是一個簡短的疑問句，兩部分的人稱時態(tài)應保持一致。B前否后肯，前肯后否注陳述部分用no, nothing, nobody

30、, never, few, seldom, hardly, little等否定含義的詞時，疑問部分用肯定含義。3、基本結構：陳述句，+ Be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 + 人稱代詞主格（there be 句型要用there 反問）注： Abe/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞的選擇要根據(jù)前面的陳述句的謂語動詞來定。B人稱代詞的主格要與陳述句的主語保持一致。4、特殊的反意疑問句：A、祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will youB、Lets 開頭的祈使句，后用shall we（或用shant we）. Let us 開頭的祈使句，后用will you（或wont you）C、陳述部分的謂語是used to 時，疑問部分

31、用didnt + 主語或 usednt+ 主語D、陳述部分有had better + 動詞， 疑問部分用hadnt you E、陳述部分主語如果是指示代詞或表人的不定代詞：somebody, everybody, nobody等，疑問部分主語要用they 或 he.F、陳述部分主語如果是表物的不定代詞：everything, that, nothing, this ,疑問部分主語用it.G、陳述部分含有un-, in- , im- , dis- , 等構成的派生詞時，陳述部分被看作是肯定，反問要用否定。H、陳述部分主謂是I am , 反問是：arent youI、陳述部分是I/We + thi

32、nk/guess/suppose/believe+ that 從句，要反問從句J、陳述部分的主語是不定式、從句、動名詞的時候，疑問部分的主語用it.5、答語只要與事實相符的都要用Yes，與事實不相符的都要用No。6、答題技巧三步走 一判肯否；二找時態(tài)；三看是否是特殊同步練習：1、She hardly knew how to solve this math problem, _2、Lets go and help the old man to cross the road,_3、Mr .Zhao goes fishing every weekend,_4、Being a volunteer is

33、 great, _5、Dont be late for school next time, _6、There used to be a river in front of my house, _7、You havent seen that film, _8、He can swim, _9、This is your brother, _10、Mr Zhang has been here for four years,_11、You havent been to the West Lake, have you_. But I will go there with my parents this s

34、ummer vacation.A、No，I havent B、No, I didnt C、Yes, I have D、Yes, I did 12、People who eat a balanced diet should be healthier than those who only eat biscuits and hamburgers,_A、dont they B、do they C、shouldnt they D、should they13、She has gone abroad,_No. She is still teaching us English at our school now.A、is she B、is