英語閱讀理解做題技巧課件

1、初中英語閱讀理解 做題技巧 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有閱讀是語言學(xué)習(xí)中不可缺少的重要一環(huán)，縱觀近幾年來尤其是2013年的中考試題，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)閱讀理解題在各地中考試卷中所占比重較大。所以，做好閱讀理解題，是獲得英語中考高分的關(guān)鍵！了解中考英語閱讀理解的命題特點(diǎn)，掌握解題技巧是提高中考成績的有效途徑。 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有命題特點(diǎn)中考閱讀理解的閱讀材料的選取一般遵循三個(gè)原則： 1.閱讀文章不少于三篇，閱讀量在1，000單詞左右；2.題材廣泛，包括科普，社會(huì)，文化，政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)等；3.體裁多樣，包闊記敘文，說明文，應(yīng)用文等。 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有做閱讀理解時(shí)，可遵循三部曲的原則 第二步，認(rèn)真逐題作答。 第三步，仔細(xì)校對(duì)所選答案。 第

2、一步，快速閱讀短文；通讀測試題，明確考查點(diǎn)。 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有閱讀理解題型主旨?xì)w納題 猜測詞義題 推理判斷題 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有要快速瀏覽全文，掌握主旨和大意，特別注意文章的主題句，理出作者的寫作思路。(What is the idea？What are facts？)要盡快瀏覽課文后的思考題，盡量帶著問題讀； 完成事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)，要找到定位句； 要把有關(guān)WHO，WHAT，WHERE，HOW和WHY等方面內(nèi)容用筆圈畫出來。 遇到推理判斷題時(shí)，要注意作者的態(tài)度和命題人的意圖，不可從個(gè)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)出發(fā)。 閱讀技巧 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有(一)根據(jù)生活常識(shí)猜測詞義 一、猜測詞義題 Eg: Children are

3、 always boasting.They say things like“My Dads car is bigger than your Dads，”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has more money than yours.” The word“boasting” means _ A.驕傲 B.吹牛 C.頑皮 D.幼稚 Eg:Many plants and animals are going extinct. Mammoths，which are related(有關(guān)聯(lián)的) with Asia elephants，are n

4、ow extinct.There are no mammoths in the world today. 1.A mammoth is a kind of _. A.plant B.bird C.animal D.tree 2.The word“ extinct” means _ A.出現(xiàn) B.危險(xiǎn) C.滅絕 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有(二)根據(jù)上下文的意思來猜測 1.Some people like to walk quickly home after work，but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way.

5、2.She is usually prompt for all her classes，but today she arrives quite late.3.The door is so low that I hit my head on the lintel. (溜達(dá))(準(zhǔn)時(shí)的)(門梁) 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有(三)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系猜測詞義 通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如： You shouldn

6、t have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯(cuò))，可猜出blame的詞義是“責(zé)備”。 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有(四)通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞 通過同義詞猜詞:一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組,如happy and gay，即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships

7、.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars( 火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于“行星”這一義域。 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有通過反義詞猜詞:一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等；二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)not at all.handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法知識(shí)：如前綴un-表反義詞，如happy、unhapp

8、y，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等；后綴-ment表名詞，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等；后綴-er、-or或-ist表同源名詞；如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，science、scientist，art、artist等，有些問題便不難解決了。 (五)通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有(六)通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測詞義 But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long

9、 time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期，即drought，由此可見drought意思為“久旱”，“旱災(zāi)”。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折號(hào)等來表示。 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有(七)通過句法功能來推測詞義 Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm ar

10、eas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同類關(guān)系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對(duì)該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cann

11、ot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。 (八)通過描述猜詞 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有二、細(xì)節(jié)理解題 首先瀏覽一遍題目，看清題目要求理解什么細(xì)節(jié)，然后有選擇性地在文中找出相應(yīng)的段落句子或短語，認(rèn)真分析理解，選出正確答案。 What do you think of your teachers？Now，American students can say what they think on a new website！ On ，students c

12、anrate(評(píng)定) their teachers.So far，there have been 2 million ratings for 365，000 teachers at 21，000 schools in the US and Canada. Where can the students rate(評(píng)定) their teachers according to the passage？A.On a new website B.At the class meeting C.In the classroom. D.Out of the school 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有議論文和說明文的主題句經(jīng)

13、常在開頭或結(jié)尾。記敘文往往沒有主題句，需要在讀懂全文、體會(huì)作者用意的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行概括。 三、主旨?xì)w納題 People in many countries learn English and they learn it in different ways. Some learn it at school. Some learn it by themselves. Others learn English by radio on TV or in films. The main idea of the passage is( ) A. People in many countries learn E

14、nglish in many ways B. Some learn English at school C. Some learn English by themselves D. Others learn English by radio，on TV or in films. 網(wǎng)站版權(quán)所有推理判斷題，需要同學(xué)具有嚴(yán)密的邏輯推理和分析問題的能力。 四、推理判斷題A man was looking for things of old times.One day he came to a village and found a blue bowl，which looked very old.The

15、 bowl was on the ground and a cat was drinking milk from it.A farmer，the owner of the cat，was lying beside the bowl.In order not to draw the farmers attention to(吸引的注意力) the value(價(jià)值) of the bowl，the man said to him in a soft voice，“What a nice cat you have！Wont you sell it to me？”“How much would yo

16、u give me for it？”the farmer opened his eyes and asked. “Twenty dollars. Would it be enough？” A few minutes later，the farmer agreed. After he paid the farmer，the man said，“My cat will certainly feel thirsty. May I take the bowl so that the cat can have milk？” But the farmer said，“I am sorry I cant give it to you. Thanks to the bowl，I have already sold twenty cats.” Who is much cleverer？( ) A.the farmer B.the man C.both of them D.neither