2022年英語中考語法復(fù)習(xí)之冠詞

1、冠 詞知識歸納梳理一、定義 英語中，冠詞是 HYPERLINK /view/124848.htm t _blank 虛詞, 本身不能單獨(dú)使用, 也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明 HYPERLINK /view/26580.htm t _blank 名詞的含義。冠詞可以說是名詞的一種標(biāo)志，它不能離開名詞而獨(dú)立存在。表示名詞的數(shù)量或者特征。二、分類 冠詞分為 HYPERLINK /view/671779.htm t _blank 不定冠詞“a，an”和 HYPERLINK /view/671789.htm t _blank 定冠詞“the”兩種。三、a和an的區(qū)別不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式，

2、a用于輔音音素(不是輔音字母)開頭的單詞或字母前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)開頭的單詞或字母前。例如：a boy，a university， a European country；an hour， an island，an elephant，an umbrella以元音音素開頭的常見的單詞：English, apple, orange, egg, hour, America, Australia,island, umbrella,honest(誠實(shí))，elephant,interesting，old，eight，excited 以元音音素開頭的字母：a, e, f, h, i, l, m

3、, n, o, r, s, x四、不定冠詞的用法1. 表示泛指，指某類人或事物中的“一個”。例如：His mother is a nurse. 他媽媽是一名護(hù)士。 Give me a ruler, please. 請給我一把尺子。 2. 泛指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或何物。（一般譯為“一”）。例如：A girl is looking for you. 有個女孩正在找你。 表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)烈。例如：I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 我有一張嘴，一個鼻子和兩只眼睛。 Wait a minute. 等一下 用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前

4、面，表示泛指某一類人或物。例如：A horse is a useful animal. 馬是一種有用的動物。表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于every. 例如：I go to school five days a week. 我一周上五天課。用在序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一”，“再一”。例如：I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one. 我已經(jīng)有三本書，我想買第四本。用在某些固定詞組中。 例如：a lot (of) 許多，大量；after a while過一會兒五、定冠詞的用法1. 特指某(些)人或某(些)物。例如：This is the house where

5、Lu xun once lived. 這是 HYPERLINK /view/2004.htm 魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的房子2. 用于指談話雙方都明確所指的人或事物 例如：Open the window，please. 請打開窗戶。3. 用以復(fù)述上文提過的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”） 例如：I have a car. The car is red. 我有一輛小汽車，它是紅色的。4. 指世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。 例如：Which is bigger，the sun or the earth？哪一個大，太陽還是地球？5. 用在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級前。例如：The first l

6、esson is the easiest one in this book. 第一課是這本書最簡單的一課。6. 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。例如：the West Lake HYPERLINK /view/1598.htm 西湖, the Great Wall 長城, the United States HYPERLINK /view/2398.htm 美國, the United Nations 聯(lián)合國 7. 用在某些形容詞前，使形容詞名詞化，表示某一類人。例如：the poor 窮人, the blind 盲人8. 用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻倆”。例如：the Gree

7、ns 格林一家或格林夫妻倆9. 用在方位名詞前。例如：on the left 在左邊，in the middle of 在中間10. 用在西洋樂器名稱前。例如：She plays the piano every day. 她每天彈鋼琴。11. 用在表示海洋，河流，山脈，群島及國家和黨派等名詞前。例如：the Black Sea黑海, the Yangtzi River長江, the working class HYPERLINK /view/400954.htm 工人階級, the Chinese Communist Party HYPERLINK /view/1893.htm 中國共產(chǎn)黨 1

8、2. 在 HYPERLINK /view/1486537.htm 句型“動詞+sb.+ HYPERLINK /view/84281.htm 介詞+the+身體某一部位”中要用the，而不用 HYPERLINK /view/576726.htm 物主代詞。 例如：take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂， hit sb. in the face 打某人的臉 13. the加單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞可以表示一類人或事物。 例如：The horse is a useful animal. 馬是一種有用的動物。 注意：像這類 HYPERLINK /view/259061.htm 句子還有如下兩種寫法

9、： A horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals. 14. 用在某些固定詞組中：all the same 仍然, all the time 一直, at the moment 此刻, at the same time 同時, by the way 順便說說， do the shopping/washing 買東西/洗衣服， in themorning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上六、零冠詞的用法1. 專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞前一般不加冠詞（在特指時加冠詞） 例如：China 中國, Europe 歐洲,

10、 Money金錢, Music音樂, Lei Feng 雷鋒, William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亞 2. 可數(shù)名詞前已有作定語的物主代詞（my, your, his, her等）、指示代詞（this/these, that/those）、不定代詞（some, any等）及所有格限制時。例如：my book(正)；my the book(誤)3. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時。例如：They are teachers. 他們是老師。Tigers like meat. 老虎喜歡吃肉4. 在星期，月份，季節(jié)，節(jié)日前。例如：on Sunday在周日，in March在三月，in spri

11、ng在春天，on Womens Day在婦女節(jié)(特例：如果月份，季節(jié)等被一個限定性定語修飾時，則要加定冠詞：He joined the Army in the spring of 1982. 他在1982年春季參軍。)5. 在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前。例如：Tom， Mum， king， captain， president，chairman，leader等。 He is (/或the) captain of the team. 他是球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長。 As (/或the) chairman of the committee, I declare the meeting open. 作為委員會主席，

12、我宣布會議開始。 6. 在學(xué)科名稱、三餐飯、語言和球類運(yùn)動名稱前。例如： I have lunch at school every day.特例：當(dāng)football，basketball指具體的某個球時，其前可以用冠詞：I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Wheres the football？那只足球在哪兒？(指足球，并非“球類運(yùn)動”)表示語言的名詞前一般不用冠詞，但后面如果出現(xiàn)language一詞，前面需加定冠詞the。 (/) English=the English language (/) French=the French language 7. 在表特定的

13、公園、街道、車站、橋、學(xué)校等之前。例如：No.25 Middle School8. 某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。(1) 與by連用的交通工具名稱前：by bus乘公共汽車， by car乘汽車， by bike騎/坐自行車， by train乘火車， by air/plane乘飛機(jī)， by sea/ship乘船， 但take a bus， in a boat， on the bike前需用冠詞。(2) 名詞詞組： brother and sister兄弟姐妹， hour after hour時時刻刻， here and there到處(3) 介詞詞組：at home在家， at noon在中午，o

14、n foot步行， at night在晚上， on duty值日， at work在工作， on time準(zhǔn)時， in class在上課， in bed在床上(4) go短語：go home回家， go to bed上床睡覺， go to school去上學(xué)， go to work去上班， go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去買東西/游泳/劃船/釣魚 七、用與不用冠詞的差異in hospital住院 in the hospital在醫(yī)院里go to sea出海 go to the sea去海邊in front of在(外部的)前面 in the front

15、 of在(內(nèi)部的)前面at table進(jìn)餐 at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船 by the sea在海邊go to school上學(xué) go to the school到學(xué)校去two of us我們當(dāng)中的兩人 the two of us我們兩人(共計(jì)兩人)next year明年 the next year 第二年八、冠詞的位置1. 通常位置。冠詞是幫助說明名詞含義的詞，在通常情況下，它總是放在名詞前，若名詞前帶有形容詞等修飾語，它則放在相應(yīng)的修飾語前：He is a (famous) writer. 他是一名(著名)作家。2. 特殊位置(1) 若修飾名詞的形容詞受 too, so

16、, as, how, however 等副詞的修飾，則通常將不定冠詞置于形容詞與名詞之前：She is as clever a cook as her mother. 她跟媽媽一樣做飯。It is too difficult a book for beginners. 那本書供初學(xué)者看太難了。Its so interesting a film that we all like it. 那部電影很有趣，我們大家都喜歡看。He didnt know how great a mistake he had made. 他不知道他自己犯了一個好大的錯誤。(2) 若單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有such, what,

17、many 等詞修飾，不定冠詞應(yīng)置于它們之后：What a nice coat! 多漂亮的上衣啊!I have been there many a time. 我去那兒很多次。Ive never seen such a big apple. 我從未看到那樣大的蘋果。注：“many a單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”是一種較文的說法，在現(xiàn)代英語的口語或非正式文體中，通常用“many復(fù)數(shù)名詞”代之。(3) 不定冠詞與副詞quite, rather 連用時，不定冠詞通常置于其后，但若其后的名詞前有形容詞修飾，則不定冠詞放在 quite, rather 之前或之后均可以：He is rather a fool. 他是個大

18、傻瓜。( a 必須后置)It is quite a a quite good book. 那是本很好的書。但不能說：He is a rather fool. (因?yàn)槊~前無形容詞，所以錯誤)定冠詞與quite 和 rather連用時，情況也是如此(即定冠詞后置)：Youre going quite the wrong way. 你的路全走錯了。Its quite the most interesting film Ive ever seen. 這是我看過的最有趣的電影。(4) 與 both, all, half, twice等連用時，冠詞通常應(yīng)置于其后：I know both the brot

19、hers. 兩兄弟我都認(rèn)識。All the children have gone home. 所有的孩子都回家了。Half the workers are women. 一半工人是婦女。He left half an hour ago. 他是半小時前離開的。Yours is twice the size of mine. 你的是我的兩倍大。九、不定冠詞的省略與重復(fù)(1) 在不引起誤會的情況下，兩個并列名詞中的后一個名詞前的不定冠詞可以省略：The noun is the name of a person or thing. 名詞是人和物的名稱。(2) 當(dāng)兩個并列名詞指的是同一個人時，后一名詞前

20、的不定冠詞通常省略：His father is a teacher and poet. 他父親是位教師兼詩人。但如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)這兩種身份，也可后一個不定冠詞：His father is a teacher and a poet. 他父親既是教師，又是詩人。有時，由于兩個并列的名詞關(guān)系比較緊密、被視為一個整體，也可只用一個冠詞：A man and woman are walking arm-in-arm. 一對男女手挽著手走著。(3) 兩個形容詞并列同時修飾一個名詞時，若該名詞指的是兩個事物，則通常應(yīng)分別使用兩個冠詞：We have a black and a white cat. 我們養(yǎng)了一只黑貓

21、和一只白貓。(比較：We have a black and white cat. 我們養(yǎng)了一只黑白花貓。)但是，有時兩個并列的名詞只一個事物，為了加強(qiáng)語氣，也有了兩個冠詞：It was a cold and a dark night. 那是一個又冷又黑的夜晚。(4) 有些由兩樣?xùn)|西構(gòu)成的“自然成對”使用的事物，通常只在其前使用一個冠詞：a knife and fork 一副刀叉 a cup and saucer 一副茶杯與茶托a horse and cart 一輛馬車 a needle and thread 一根帶線的針hire a car and driver 租一輛配有司機(jī)的汽車有時連第一

22、個冠詞也省略(尤其是與介詞連用時)：with knife and fork 用刀叉(5) 當(dāng)要對兩個并列的名詞進(jìn)行選擇和比較方面的強(qiáng)調(diào)時，通常應(yīng)重復(fù)兩個冠詞：Give me a pen, not a pencil. 給我一支鋼筆，不是鉛筆。Do you want a novel or a dictionary? 你是想要本小說，還是想要本字典？練習(xí)在空格內(nèi)填上a或an: ear actor hen toy university elephant hat umbrella rabbit idea hour honest boy interesting book easy question ora

23、nge dress apple pie X-ray machine ice creamB. 用a, an, the或“/”填空：1. Washington is capital of United States of America.2. There is “A”on his paper.3. tall man over there is my boss.4. No news is good news.5. earth moves around sun.6. Have you visited Great Wall?7. They often play football after school

24、.8. Children need love and attention(關(guān)心).9. Are there any birds in sky?10. student in the third row is tallest in our class.11. Did you have breakfast this morning?12. Mr. White will go to Tokyo by air.13. By the way, do you know old woman in glasses?14. My sister will go to school in half hour.15.

25、Greens are sitting at lunch table.16. pen on desk is mine. 17. old man has two children, son and daughter. son is doctor and daughter is nurse.18. Beijing is city of China.19. She is old teacher.20. There is story book and blue pencil on the table.21. We often go skating in winter.22. She is America

26、n girl.23. Pass me glass of tea, please.24. Do you want apple or banana?25. She works in a shop. shop is near her home.26. Is a dog animal?27. There is egg and an apple on the table.28. What interesting book it is!29. Changjiang River is one of longest rivers in world.30. He speaks Japanese better t

27、han Chinese.C. 選擇填空：1. The mother tells her little daughter old story every night. A. a B. / C. an D. the2. computer on the table is Susans. A. A B. An C. The D. /3. There is map of the world on wall. map is mine. A. a, a, A B. a, the, the C. the, the, The D. the, the, A4. Whites live on floor. A. /

28、, there. B. A, third C. The, third D. The, the third5. Spring comes after winter. A. /. / B. The C. The, the D. A, the6. I brought shoes yesterday. shoes are very beautiful. A. a, the B. a pair of, The C. the, The D. a pair, The pair7. He was soldier in the Second World War. A. a B. an C. the D. /8.

29、 She can play and . A. the tennis B. tennis, guitar C. the tennis, guitar D. tennis, the guitar9. I can see moon and clouds in the sky. A. the, a B. a, a C. the, / D. the, the10. “c” is in “cat”. “s” is in “sat”. A. An, An B. An, A C. A, A D. A, an11. Tiananmen Square is in Beijing. A. /. / B. A, /

30、C. The, / D. /, the12. Can you tell me nearest bookshop? Go straight and turn night at third crossing, and you will see it. A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, /13. I dont think she is honest student. A. a B. an C. such D. so14. Theres going to be English exam next week. A. an, a B. the, a C. an

31、, / D. an, the15. Mike likes playing violin, but Tom likes playing basketball A. the, the B. /, the C. the, / D. /, /16. umbrella is useful tool in a raining weather. A. The, the B. A, a C. An, an D. An, a17. book on the table is mine. A. / B. The C. An, D. A18. whale is largest animal in the world.

32、 A. A, a B. The, the C. A, the D. A, /19. The moon rises in east. A. a B. an C. the D. /20. I like playing basketball and my brother likes playing violin. A./ ,the B. t/, / C. the, / D. the, the21. Now look at map of China. A. a, a B. the, a C. the, / D. a, the22. I have book. book is very interesti

33、ng. A. a, A B. the, The C. /, / D. a, the23. March 8th is Womens Day. A. the, B. / C. an D. a24. Today is New Years Day. A. / B. the C. an D. a25. I have lunch at home. A. the B. a C. / D. an26. We are making paper from wood. A. the, the B. /, / C. a, a D. the, a27. He is student of Class Three. A.

34、a B. / C. an D. the28.The boss is one-eyed man. A. a B. the C. an D. /29. steel worker makes steel. A. a B. A C. An D. /30. We sleep in bed. A. the, B. a C. an D. /【中考鏈接】一、語法選擇 Mr. King was a strange man. He liked travelling and animals very much. He founded his own empire(帝國). Mr. King lived with s

35、ix hundred wild animals on the Greek Island of Kyklos. After he left school, he 1 all over the world collecting animals for his own zoo. He hoped 2 two examples of every kind of animal on his island. 3 he was afraid that people would find him someday. In his spare time, he 4 books about his travels,

36、 and about his animals 5 he collected the money from the books and helped to pay for the food 6 these animals ate. One day, when Mr. King was out 7 drinking water, he found oil. He needed money for his travels and for 8 zoo, and a little oil would buy enough water for what he needed all his life, bu

37、t he knew that if he told anybody else about it, it would be 9 end of zoo and his lifes work. So he decided 10 anyone about what he had found, because oil and water couldnt mix.( )1. A. has traveled B. had traveled C. traveled D. travels( )2. A. to collectB. collectingC. collectsD. collect( )3. A. O

38、r B. And C. But D. So( )4. A. write B. writes C. wrote D. is writing ( )5. A. so that B. and that C. as to D. that( )6. A. whatB. who C. when D. which( )7. A. looks forward to B. to look at C. looking for D. looked after( )8. A. its B. his C. her D. their ( )9. A. a B. an C. the D.不填( )10. A. to not

39、 tell B. to tell not C. not telling D. not to tell二、閱讀理解The Aborigines (澳洲土著) have lived in Australia for about 60,000 years. They painted pictures inside caves, and these are the rock paintings that have given us so much information about Aboriginal life. For example, some of the paintings that are

40、 about 10,000 boomerangyears old show men with boomerangs. From this we know that the Aborigines started using boomerangs for hunting at that time. Other pictures show kangaroos, so we know that there were kangaroos at that time.The Aborigines believed that spirits made people, animals and plants, and that these spirits still live in the earth. For Aborigines, no one can own the earththe earth belongs to the spirits.In 1700, there were many A