計算機圖形學與三維建模實驗報告

1、. 計算機圖形學實驗報告openGL的根本使用工程代碼：/ 2321321.cpp : 定義控制臺應用程序的入口點。#includestdaf*.h#include#include#include#include#includeusingnamespace std;/#includevgl.h opengl4.3 編程寶典第8版庫函數/#includeloadshaders.hGLfloat *=0.0,y=0.0,z=0.0;/用于平移的變量GLfloat i=1.0,j=1.0,k=1.0;/用于縮放的變量int d=1;/用于是否判斷旋轉的開關GLfloat angle=0.0f;/旋轉

2、角度的變量 void myDisplay(void)glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);/ 創(chuàng)立透視效果視圖glMatri*Mode(GL_PROJECTION);glLoadIdentity();gluPerspective(90.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 20.0f);glMatri*Mode(GL_MODELVIEW);glLoadIdentity();gluLookAt(0.0, 0.0, 10.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT

3、 | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);/ 定義4光源，從4個方向入射,第一個是白光，其他為紅綠藍GLfloat sun_light_position = -5.0f, 5.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ;GLfloat sun_light_position1 = 5.0f, 5.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ;GLfloat sun_light_position2 = -5.0f, -5.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ;GLfloat sun_light_position3 = 5.0f, -5.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ;GLfloat sun_light_ambient =

4、0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ;GLfloat sun_light_diffuse = 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ;GLfloat sun_light_diffuse1 = 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ;GLfloat sun_light_diffuse2 = 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ;GLfloat sun_light_diffuse3 = 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ;GLfloat sun_light_specular = 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ;glLightfv(GL

5、_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, sun_light_position);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, sun_light_ambient);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, sun_light_diffuse);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, sun_light_specular);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_POSITION, sun_light_position1);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_AMBIENT, sun_light_am

6、bient);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_DIFFUSE, sun_light_diffuse1);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_SPECULAR, sun_light_specular);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT2, GL_POSITION, sun_light_position2);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT2, GL_AMBIENT, sun_light_ambient);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT2, GL_DIFFUSE, sun_light_diffuse2);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT2, GL_SP

7、ECULAR, sun_light_specular);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT3, GL_POSITION, sun_light_position3);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT3, GL_AMBIENT, sun_light_ambient);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT3, GL_DIFFUSE, sun_light_diffuse3);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT3, GL_SPECULAR, sun_light_specular);glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_LIGHT1);glEnable(GL_LIGHT

8、2);glEnable(GL_LIGHT3);glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);/繪制坐標軸glBegin(GL_LINE);/*軸 紅色 glColor3f(1,0,0);glVerte*3f(10,0,0);glVerte*3f(-10,0,0);/y軸 綠色glColor3f(0,1,0);glVerte*3f(0,10,0);glVerte*3f(0,-10,0);/z軸 藍色glColor3f(0,0,1);glVerte*3f(0,0,10);glVerte*3f(0,0,-10);glEnd();/ 定義球體的材質并繪制G

9、Lfloat ambient = 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f ;/環(huán)境顏色GLfloat diffuse = 0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f, 1.0f ;/散射顏色GLfloat specular = 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ;/鏡面反射GLfloat emission = 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f ;/發(fā)射光顏色GLfloat hininess = 50.0f; /反射指數glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, ambient);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE,

10、diffuse);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, specular);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, emission);glMaterialf(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, shininess);glTranslatef(*,y,z);glScalef(i,j,k);if(d=1) glRotatef(angle,0.0f,0.0f,4.0f);glTranslatef(2.5f,2.5f,0.0f);glutSolidSphere(2.0, 60.0, 60.0);glutSwapBuffer

11、s();void ChangeSize(GLsizei W,GLsizei H)/當視口改變時改變裁剪局部保證圖形觀察時不形變GLfloat aspectRatio;if(H=0)H=1;glViewport(0,0,W,H);/視口設置glMatri*Mode(GL_PROJECTION);/重置坐標系統(tǒng)glLoadIdentity();aspectRatio=(GLfloat)W/(GLfloat)H;if(aspectRatio=1)/裁剪局部設置glOrtho(-2.5,2.5,-2.5/aspectRatio,2.5/aspectRatio,2.5,-2.5);elseglOrtho

12、(-2.5*aspectRatio,2.5*aspectRatio,-2.5,2.5,2.5,-2.5);glMatri*Mode(GL_MODELVIEW);glLoadIdentity();void ProcessKeys(unsignedchar ch,int a,int b)if(ch=119)/wy+=0.1;glutPostRedisplay(); elseif(ch=115)/sy-=0.1;glutPostRedisplay(); elseif(ch=97)/a*-=0.1;glutPostRedisplay(); elseif(ch=100)/d*+=0.1;glutPost

13、Redisplay(); elseif(ch=120)/*z-=0.1;glutPostRedisplay(); elseif(ch=122)/zz+=0.1;glutPostRedisplay(); elseif(ch=43)/+ i+=0.1; j+=0.1; k+=0.1; glutPostRedisplay(); elseif(ch=45)/- i-=0.1; j-=0.1; k-=0.1; glutPostRedisplay(); elseif(ch=32)/空格鍵 if(d=0) d=1;else d=0; coutdendl; /按空格開關旋轉void IdleFunc()if(

14、d=1)angle+=1.0f;if(angle=360.0f)angle=0.0f;coutangleendl;myDisplay(); int _tmain(int argc, char* argv) glutInit(&argc, (char*) argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA); glutInitWindowPosition(100,100); glutInitWindowSize(500,500); glutCreateWindow(Hello OpenGL); glutDisplayFu

15、nc(myDisplay); glutReshapeFunc(ChangeSize); glutIdleFunc(IdleFunc); glutKeyboardFunc(ProcessKeys); glutReshapeFunc(ChangeSize); glutMainLoop();return 0;系統(tǒng)總體布局系統(tǒng)流程圖：本系統(tǒng)是常規(guī)的openGL系統(tǒng)，初始化后先設置視角、投影、光照、材質等因素，繪制根本的圖形，再通過函數判斷鍵盤輸入進展重復繪制，完成根本的平移，縮放，旋轉等操作系統(tǒng)設計思路在系統(tǒng)設計最初，本來想直接使用默認視角后直接設置光照和平移旋轉等功能，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)在默認視角下對物體，特

16、別是正方體的三維效果無法很好地觀察，因此采用側視視角然后在對材質的定義上，由于立方體設置比擬麻煩，最后決定畫一個球體，然后在平移旋轉縮放等功能的演示上，直接演示過于簡單，就是一個函數的執(zhí)行，因此決定采取利用鍵盤控制移動和縮放及旋轉的方式。具體操作方法為wsadz*分別控制前后左右上下，space控制開場/停頓旋轉感想和心得 在本次實驗中，對我來說最大的問題是正確地理解視點，投影等概念；在默認狀態(tài)下視角從Z軸正方向看向負方向，對于很多規(guī)則物體不旋轉的話無法清楚地看到其三維特征，在調整視角的過程中遇到一些問題。然后在參加光照效果的過程中，本來想畫多個物體，然后在給物體直接上色再利用光線追蹤算法。但是代碼上一直因