2023屆高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專題：虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣假設(shè)情況 從句時(shí)態(tài) 主句時(shí)態(tài)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 did/were would/should/could do與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 were to do would do 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 had done would have done一般情況下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會(huì)帶把傘。(事實(shí):我不可能是你，且對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè))If he had taken my advice，he would not have made such a mistake.如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。(事實(shí):沒(méi)有聽我的話，且對(duì)過(guò)去事

2、實(shí)的假設(shè))If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him. 如果他明天來(lái)這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)劇?事實(shí):來(lái)的可能性很小，不可能，且對(duì)將來(lái)事實(shí)的假設(shè))混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣現(xiàn)在（從句）的情況對(duì)過(guò)去（主句）的影響e.g., If I were a rich man, I would have bought the home last week. 如果我是有錢人，我上周就會(huì)買下這所房子。（事實(shí)：我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有錢，但是我如果有錢，我上周就會(huì)買，主語(yǔ)為過(guò)去的事情，從句為當(dāng)下的事情）過(guò)去的情況對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響e.g., If I had studied hard in

3、 the past, I would be a college graduate now. 如果我過(guò)去努力學(xué)習(xí)，我現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)是大學(xué)畢業(yè)生了。（過(guò)去的事實(shí)是我不努力學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響）含蓄虛擬條件句（不含If） 句子中有without, but for(要不是), or, otherwise等詞隱含某種假設(shè)e.g., Without dance, the world would be boring.(=If there were no dance)如果沒(méi)有舞蹈，這個(gè)世界將會(huì)很無(wú)聊。 e.g., Tom is busy, otherwise he would go to the park wi

4、th you. (=If Tom were not busy) 湯姆真的很忙，否則他會(huì)和你一起去公園的。 句子中含有If it were not for 或If it had not been for 要不是 e.g., Ifitwerentforwater, no plant could grow. 要是沒(méi)有水植物就無(wú)法生長(zhǎng)特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Wish對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)：過(guò)去式（did/were）We wish he didnt smoke. 我們希望他不吸煙。對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)（had done）I wished I hadnt spent so much money. 但愿我沒(méi)有花這么多錢。對(duì)

5、將來(lái)的假設(shè)：would/might/could do I wish the train would come. 我希望火車將會(huì)來(lái)。If only要是就好了，引導(dǎo)感嘆句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與wish的用法相同e.g., How I wish I knew his name!=If only I knew his name.Would ratherWould rather sb.+ did sth.對(duì)現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)的假設(shè) e.g., Idratheryou went tomorrow. Would rather sb. + had done sth. 對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè) e.g., Id rather he hadnt told me this thing.as if/though + 從句 從句時(shí)態(tài) were/did 對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè) e.g., He acts as if he knew me. Had done 對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè) e.g., He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.Its time + that + did/ were 對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)e.g., Its time （that）we