交通專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)

1、附錄中英文名詞對(duì)照公路highway道路road公路工程highwayengineering公路網(wǎng)highwaynetwork公路網(wǎng)密度highwaydensity公路等級(jí)highwayclassification公路自然區(qū)劃climaticzoningforhighway公路用地highwayright-of-way高速公路freeway等級(jí)公路classifiedhighway輔道reliefroad干線公路arterialhighway支線公路feederhighway專用公路accommodationhighway國(guó)家干線公路（國(guó)道）nationaltrunkhighway省級(jí)干線公路

2、（國(guó)道provincialtrunkhighway縣公路（縣道）countyroad鄉(xiāng)公路（鄉(xiāng)道）townshiproad輻射式公路radialhighway環(huán)形公路ringhighway繞行公路bypass交通結(jié)構(gòu)trafficstructure交通組成trafficcomposition混合交通mixedtraffic交通流trafficflow交通流理論trafficflowtheory車流vehiclestream交通密度trafficdensity車頭間距spaceheadway車頭時(shí)距timeheadway車間凈距vehiculargap延誤delay地點(diǎn)速度spotspeed行駛

3、速度runningspeed運(yùn)行速度operatingspeed臨界速度criticalspeed平均速度averagespeed計(jì)算行車速度（設(shè)計(jì)車速）designspeed交通量trafficvolume年平均日交通量annualaveragedailytraffic月平均日交通量monthlyaveragedailytraffic年第30位最大小時(shí)交通量thirtiethhighestannualhourlyvolume年最大小時(shí)交通量maximumannualhourly設(shè)計(jì)小時(shí)交通量designhourlyvolume通行能力trafficcapacity基本通行能力basictra

4、fficcapacity可能通行能力possibletrafficcapacity設(shè)計(jì)通行能力designtrafficcapacity道路服務(wù)水平levelofservice公路交通規(guī)劃trafficplanning交通調(diào)查trafficsurvey交通量調(diào)查trafficvolumesurvey交通量觀測(cè)站trafficvolumeobservationstation起迄點(diǎn)調(diào)查（OD調(diào)查）origin-destinationstudy出行trip境內(nèi)交通localtraffic過境交通throughtraffic交通發(fā)生trafficgeneration交通分布trafficdistrib

5、ution交通分配trafficassignment交通預(yù)測(cè)trafficprognosis行車道carriageway分離式行車道dividedcarriageway車道lane變速車道speed-changelane力口速車道accelerationlane減速車道decelerationlane爬坡車道climbinglane停車道parkinglane錯(cuò)車道turn-outlane自行車道cyclepath路側(cè)人行道sidewalk分隔帶laneseparator中央分隔帶mediandivider中間帶centralstrip路肩shoulder;verge路緣帶marginalst

6、rip路緣石kerb;curb側(cè)向余寬lateralclearance路拱camber;crown路拱橫坡crownslope公路建筑限界clearanceofhighway公路路線highwayroute公路線形highwayalignmen平面線形horizontalalignment縱面線形verticalalignment線形要素alignmentelements平曲線horizontalcurve極限最小平曲線半徑limitedminimumradiusofhorizontalcurve復(fù)曲線compoundcurve反向曲線reversecurve斷背曲線broken-backcu

7、rve回頭曲線switch-backcurve緩和曲線transitioncurve豎曲線verticalcurve彎道加寬curvewidening力口寬緩和段transitionzoneofcurve超高superelevation超高緩和段superelevationrunoff縱坡longitudinalgradient最大縱坡maximumlongitudinalgradient最小縱坡minimumlongitudinalgradient變坡點(diǎn)gradechangepoint平均縱坡averagegradiant坡長(zhǎng)限制gradelengthlimitation高原縱坡拆減high

8、landgradecompensation緩和坡段transitiongradingzone合成坡度resultantgradient視距sightdistance停車視距non-passingsightdistance,stoppingsightdistance超車視距passingsightdistance道路交叉roadintersection;道口railroadgradecrossing平面交叉at-gradeintersection;gradecrossing正交叉right-angleintersection斜交叉skewintersection環(huán)形交叉rotaryinterse

9、ction十字形交叉+T形交叉Tintersection錯(cuò)位交叉offsetintersection;staggeredjunctionY形交叉Yintersection立體交叉gradeseparation分離式立體交叉simplegradeseparation,separategradecrossing互通式立體交叉interchange苜蓿葉形立體交叉fullcloverleafinterchange部分苜蓿葉形立體交叉cloverleafinterchange菱形立體交叉diamondinterchange定向式立體交叉directionalinterchange喇叭形立體交叉thre

10、e-Leginterchange環(huán)形立體交叉rotaryinterchange匝道ramp交叉口roadcrossing;intersection交叉口進(jìn)口intersectionentrance交叉口出口intersectionexit力口鋪轉(zhuǎn)角式交叉口intersectionwithwidenedcorners拓寬路口式交叉口flaredintersection分道轉(zhuǎn)彎式交叉口channelizedintersection渠化交通channelization交織weaving交織路段weavingsection合流converging分流diverging沖突點(diǎn)conflictpoint交

11、通島trafficisland導(dǎo)流島channelizationisland中心島centralisland安全島refugeisland沿線設(shè)施roadsidefacilities交通安全設(shè)施trafficsafetydevice人行橫道crosswalk人行地道pedestrianunderpass人行天橋pedestrianovercrossing護(hù)欄guardfence防護(hù)柵guardfence,safetybarrier遮光柵anti-dizzlingscreen應(yīng)急電話emergencytelephone反光標(biāo)志reflectivesign反光路鈕reflectivebutton彎

12、道反光鏡trafficmirror道路交通標(biāo)志roadtrafficsign警告標(biāo)志warningsign禁令標(biāo)志regulatorysign扌旨示標(biāo)志guidesign扌旨路標(biāo)志informationsign輔助標(biāo)志auxiliarysign可變信息標(biāo)志changeablemessagesign路面標(biāo)線pavementmarking防雪設(shè)施snowprotectionfacilities防沙設(shè)施sandsprotectionfacilities隔音墻acousticbarrier停車場(chǎng)parkingarea踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibilitystudy線形設(shè)計(jì)hi

13、ghwayalignmentdesign公路景觀設(shè)計(jì)highwaylandscapedesign選線routeselection路線控制點(diǎn)controlpoint定線location比較線alternativeline展線linedevelopment初測(cè)preliminarysurvey定測(cè)locationsurvey地貌topographicfeature地物culture地形topography臺(tái)地terrace埡口pass;saddleback平原區(qū)plainterrain微丘區(qū)rollingterrain重丘區(qū)hillyterrain山嶺區(qū)mountainousterrain沿溪線v

14、alleyline山脊線ridgeline山坡線hill-sideline越嶺線ridgecrossingline土方調(diào)配cut-filltransition土方調(diào)配圖cut-filltransitionprogram土方調(diào)配經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)距economicalhaulingdistance導(dǎo)線traverse導(dǎo)線測(cè)量traversesurvey中線centerline中線測(cè)量centerlinesurvey施工測(cè)量constructionsurvey竣工測(cè)量finalsurvey（路線）平面圖plan交點(diǎn)intersectionpoint虛交點(diǎn)imaginaryintersectionpoint轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)

15、turningpoint轉(zhuǎn)角intersectionangle方位角azimuthangle象限角bearing方向角directionangle切線長(zhǎng)tangentlength曲線長(zhǎng)curvelength夕卜（矢）距externalsecant測(cè)站instrumentstation測(cè)點(diǎn)。bservationpoint中樁centerstake力口樁additionalstake護(hù)樁referencestake斷鏈brokenchainage水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量levelingsurvey水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)benchmark絕對(duì)基面absolutedatum高程elevation地面高程groundelevation

16、設(shè)計(jì)高程designedelevation（路線）縱斷面圖profile中樁填挖高度cutandfillatcenterstake地形測(cè)量topographicsurvey基線baseline地形圖topographicmap等高線contourline橫斷面測(cè)量cross-sectionalsurvey橫斷面圖cross-section坑探pittest鉆探boring攝影測(cè)量photogrammetry航空攝影測(cè)量aerialphotogrammetry地面立體攝影測(cè)量groundstereophotogrammetry地面控制點(diǎn)測(cè)量groundcontrol-pointsurvey航攝基

17、線aerophotobase影像地圖photographicmap像片索引圖（鑲輯復(fù)照?qǐng)D）photoindex航攝像片判讀aerophotointerpretation綜合法測(cè)圖planimatriephoto全能法測(cè)圖universalphoto微分法測(cè)圖differentialphoto像片鑲嵌圖photomosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路塹cutting半填半挖式路基partcut-partfillsubgrade臺(tái)口式路基benchedsubgrade路基寬度widthofsubgrade路基設(shè)計(jì)高程designelevationofsubgrade（路基）最小

18、填土高度minimumheightoffill邊坡sideslope邊坡坡度gradeofsideslope（邊）坡頂topofslope（邊）坡腳toeofslope護(hù)坡道berm邊坡平臺(tái)plainstageofslope碎落臺(tái)bermatthefootofcuttingslope護(hù)坡slopeprotection擋土墻retainingwall重力式擋土墻gravityretainingwall衡重式擋土墻balanceweightretainingwall懸臂式擋土墻cantileverretainingwall扶壁式擋土墻counterfortretainingwall柱板式擋土墻co

19、lumn-plateretainingwall錨桿式擋土墻anchoredretainingwallbytierods錨碇板式擋土墻anchoredbulkheadretainingwall石籠rockfilledgabion拋石riprap路基排水subgradedrainage邊溝sideditch截水溝interceptingditch排水溝drainageditch急流槽chute跌水dropwater蒸發(fā)池evaporationpond盲溝blinddrain滲水井seepagewell透水路堤permeableembankment過水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borro

20、wearth棄土waste取土坑borrowpit棄土堆wastebank回填土back-filling黃土loess軟土softsoil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat鹽漬土saltysoil膨脹土expansivesoil凍土frozensoil多年凍土permafrost流砂quicksand軟弱地基softground強(qiáng)夯法dynamicconsolidation預(yù)壓法preloadingmethod反壓護(hù)道loadingberm砂井sanddrain路基砂墊層sandmatofsubgrade壓實(shí)compaction壓實(shí)度degreeofcompaction（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）最大干容重max

21、imumdryunitweight相對(duì)密實(shí)度relativedensity毛纟田水capillarywater土石方爆破blastingprocedure拋擲爆破blastingforthrowingrock爆破漏斗blastingcrater松動(dòng)爆破blastingforlooseningrock爆破作用圈actingcirclesofblasting路面pavement彈性層狀體系理論elasticmultilayertheory（回彈）彎沉deflection加州承載比（CBR）Californiabearingratio,（CBR）路面寬度widthofpavement路槽roadtr

22、ough剛性路面rigidpavement柔性路面flexiblepavement路面結(jié)構(gòu)層pavementstructurelayer面層surfacecourse磨耗層wearingcourse聯(lián)結(jié)層bindercourse基層basecourse墊層bedcourse隔水層aquitard隔溫層thermalinsulatingcourse封層sealcoat透層primecoat保護(hù)層protectioncourse補(bǔ)強(qiáng)層strengtheninglayer高級(jí)路面hightypepavement次高級(jí)路面sub-hightypepavement中級(jí)路面intermediatetype

23、pavement低級(jí)路面lowtypepavement水泥混凝土路面cementconcretepavement瀝青路面bituminouspavement瀝青混凝土路面bituminousconcretepavement瀝青碎石路面bituminousmacadampavement瀝青貫入碎（礫）石路面bituminouspenetrationpavement瀝青表面處治bituminoussurfacetreatment塊料路面blockpavement石塊路面stoneblockpavement泥結(jié)碎石路面clay-boundmacadampavement水結(jié)碎石路面water-boun

24、dmacadampavement級(jí)配路面gradedaggregatepavement穩(wěn)定土基層stabilizedsoilbasecourse工業(yè)廢渣基層industrialwastebasecourse塊石基層Telfordbase層鋪法spreadinginlayers拌和法mixingmethod廠拌法plantmixingmethod路拌法roadmixingmethod熱拌法hotmixingmethod冷拌法coldmixingmethod熱鋪法hotlaidmethod冷鋪法coldlaidmethod貫入法penetrationmethod鋪砌法pitchingmethod縮

25、縫contractionjoint脹縫expansionjoint真縫truejoint假縫dummyjoint橫縫transversejoint縱縫longitudinaljoint施工縫constructionjoint傳力桿dowelbar拉桿tiebar路面平整度surfaceevenness路面粗糙度surfaceroughness路面摩擦系數(shù)frictioncoefficientofpavement附著力adhesiveforce水滑現(xiàn)象hydroplaningphenomenon橋梁bridge公路橋highwaybridge沉埋法（沉管法）immersedtunnel導(dǎo)坑hea

26、ding隧道支撐tunnelsupport構(gòu)件支撐elementsupport噴錨支護(hù)lockboltsupportwithshotcrete隧道通風(fēng)tunnelventilation隧道照明tunnellighting養(yǎng)護(hù)maintenance定期養(yǎng)護(hù)periodicalmaintenance巡回養(yǎng)護(hù)patrolmaintenance大中修周期maintenanceperiod小修保養(yǎng)routinemaintenance中修intermediatemaintenance大修heavymaintenance改善工程roadimprovement搶修emergencyrepairofroad力口

27、固strengtheningofstructure回砂sandsweeping罩面。verlayofpavement路面翻修pavementrecapping路面補(bǔ)強(qiáng)pavementstrengthening車轍rutting路面搓板surfacecorrugation路面網(wǎng)裂net-shapedcracking路面龜裂a(bǔ)lligatorcracking路面碎裂pavementspalling反射裂縫reflectioncrack路面坑槽potholes路面凍脹surfacefrostheave路面沉陷pavementdepression路面滑溜surfaceslipperiness露骨sur

28、faceangularity啃邊edgefailure泛油bleeding擁包upheaval拱脹blowup錯(cuò)臺(tái)faultingofslabends錯(cuò)法slabstaggering滑坡slide坍方landslide崩塌collapse碎落debrisavalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mudavalanche（振動(dòng)）液化liquefaction翻漿frostboiling巖溶karst沙害sandhazard雪害snowhazard水毀washout好路率rateofgoodroads養(yǎng)護(hù)質(zhì)量綜合值generalratingofmaintenancequ

29、ality路容roadappearance路況roadcondition路況調(diào)查roadconditionsurvey路政管理roadadministration民工建勤civilianlabourersworkingonpublicproject養(yǎng)路費(fèi)tollofroadmaintenance養(yǎng)路道班maintenancegang粒料granularmaterial集料（骨料）aggregate礦料mineralaggregate礦粉mineralpowder砂sand礫石gravel砂礫sandgravel卵石cobblestone碎石brokenstone,crushedstone片石rubble塊石blockstone料石dressedstone石屑chip工業(yè)廢渣industrialsolidwaste結(jié)合料binder有機(jī)結(jié)合料organicbindingagent瀝青bitumen地瀝青asphalt天然瀝