非謂語（doing,done）課件-高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞（Ing）分詞（Ing done）動(dòng)名詞：（一）動(dòng)名詞的作用作主語、賓語、表語、定語（二）動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語形容詞性物主代詞（his, my, their等）和名詞所有格（Johns）（三）動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done（一）動(dòng)名詞的作用動(dòng)名詞作主語（1）位于句首作主語Getting mad at others means other people are getting control of my emotions.（2）位于句末作主語固定句型：It is no good/no use d

2、oing sth. “做某事沒用”Its no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收It is a waste of time doing sth. “做某事浪費(fèi)時(shí)間”It is a waste of time talking to him. There is no point/use/good (in) doing sth.“做某事沒必要/沒意義”There is no point in arguing with him.There is no doing sth. 相當(dāng)于it is impossible to do sth “不可能做某事”There is no

3、 knowing the future.It is impossible to know the futureThere is no denying the fact that ，there is no gainsaying the fact that“毋庸置疑”2. 動(dòng)名詞作賓語（1）在一些動(dòng)詞后面作賓語admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, contemplate, delay, deny, detest, dislike, encourage, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor,

4、 feel like, finish, forbid, forgive, give up, cant help, imagine, involve, leave off, mention, mind, permit, postpone, practice, prohibit, put off, resent, resist, risk, sugget等（2）介詞后作賓語look forward to, object to, be/get used to, prefer doing to doing, in addition to, be accustomed to, amount to, ta

5、ke to doing （開始喜歡做某事）, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be averse to（反對做某事）, be opposed to, get round to doing(抽出時(shí)間做某事；開始考慮做某事), the alternative/ approach/ solution/key to doing sth.（3）固定句型“做某事有困難/開心”：have difficulty/ trouble/ problems/ fun/pleasure/ a hard time/ a good time/ a difficult time (in) do

6、ing sth.“情不自禁/不得不做”：cant help doing sth, cant resist doing sth, cant keep from doing sth, cant hold back from doing sth, cant keep back from doing sth.“值得做”：be worth sth/doing sth-be worthy to be done/ of being done3. 動(dòng)名詞作表語動(dòng)名詞主要用于be動(dòng)詞之后，補(bǔ)充說明句子主語的具體內(nèi)容。His hobby is collecting stamps. 4. 動(dòng)名詞作定語動(dòng)名詞主要用于

7、被修飾的名詞之前，表示該名詞的用途。A reading room 閱讀室A reading girl: a girl who is reading （現(xiàn)在分詞作定語）A swimming pool 游泳池A sleeping car 臥鋪車（二）動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語在動(dòng)名詞前加形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格。如：My, her, his; my sisters, Marys, womensHe insisted on reading the letter.He insisted on my reading the letter.He insisted on Johns reading the let

8、ter.動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，一般用所有格形式動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)，可以用所有格，也可以普通格當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是無生命的物；是不定代詞 someone, anyone, everyone等；邏輯主語較長時(shí)；最好使用普通格。Toms refusing to accept the invitation upset me. Do you mind me/my making a suggestion? The noise of the desks being opened and closed can be heard out in the street.He was awakened by someone k

9、nocking on the door.（三）動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)被動(dòng)I still remember being taken to the zoo for the first time.There is a necessity for this type of house _(build) being built注：主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況在need, require, want, deserve等動(dòng)詞后面，動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)可表被動(dòng)、Sth need doing=need to be done The garden needs watering.The garden needs to be watered.

10、This student deserves praising.This student deserves to be praised.翻譯：牛排需要再煎一下。The steak needs cooking more.這個(gè)罪犯活該被槍斃。The criminal deserves shooting.2. 完成式一般指，動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，尤其是當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作是在謂語之前的一段較長時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)的情況。主動(dòng)：having doneThe man confessed to having told a lie to the manager of the company. 被動(dòng)：having b

11、een doneI appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad 2 years ago.用括號中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。I am angry at him for _(not, tell) me the truth. not having toldThe text needs _(explain) once again. explainingI strongly object to _( treat ) like a child. being treatedYou must tell me the truth. I insist

12、on _( tell) the truth. being toldThere be 的不定式和動(dòng)名詞形式There be的動(dòng)名詞形式：there being 意思為“有”，多用于介詞之后。He spoke of there being danger.No one would have dreamed of there being such a good place.2. There be的不定式形式：there to be用在接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞之后或介詞for 之后。I dont want there to be any misunderstandings on this point.The

13、 students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exam.For there to be life, there must be air and water.It was too late for there to be any buses.分詞-現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞（一）分詞的作用作狀語、定語、補(bǔ)足語（二）分詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)（一）分詞的作用1. 分詞作狀語 （1）單獨(dú)的分詞Looking out of the window, I saw lots of people on the street.When

14、using the computer, you must remember the password.Given more time, I would be able to complete it.注意：主語和分詞的邏輯主語需要一致（2）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：N+分詞All the money having been spent, we started looking for work.（3）with +N +分詞The old man often takes a walk after supper with his dog following him.（4）固定結(jié)構(gòu)副詞+speaking：gener

15、ally(strictly, broadenly) speaking分詞+介詞：judging from, talking of, allowing for, taking sth into consideration分詞+（that）從句：seeing that, considering that, supposing that, granting that, allowing that“（名詞）+分詞”作狀語的意義1. 表?xiàng)l件It is no exaggeration to say, “United we stand; divided we fall”.2. 表時(shí)間Having water

16、ed the garden, he began to mow the lawn.3. 表原因It being so nice a day, lets go out for a walk.4. 表讓步Mocked at by everybody, he had my sympathy.Mock at sb 嘲笑某人5. 表結(jié)果一般位于句末He fired, killing one of the bandits（土匪，強(qiáng)盜）.6. 表方式Smiling, he answered.7. 表補(bǔ)充或伴隨Sue marched into Johnsys room with her drawing boar

17、d, whistling a merry tune.“With +名詞短語+分詞”作狀語的意義1. 表伴隨狀況、補(bǔ)充說明、具體舉例Mobile phones have broken many social taboos, with people answering calls in the middle of a conversation or chatting away on the toilet.2. 表示原因Good timekeeping is becoming a forgotten social etiquette, with a new generation considerin

18、g lateness the norm rather than a faux pas that should be avoided. 分詞短語作狀語時(shí)可以保留相應(yīng)的連詞Once deprived of oxygen, the brain dies.Be careful while crossing the road.Although exhuasted by the walk, he continued his journey.If seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.2.分詞作

19、定語（1）前置定語-單個(gè)分詞通常作前置定語現(xiàn)在分詞：表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作The barking dog-the dog that is barkingFalling leaves- leaves that are falling表主動(dòng)、一般的動(dòng)作A room facing the south-a room that faces the southThe exploiting class- the class that expoits others剝削階級過去分詞：表被動(dòng)一般或被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作The exploited class- the class that is exploited被剝削階級B

20、oiled water-water that has been boiled表主動(dòng)、完成的動(dòng)作The sunken ship-the ship that has sunkenFallen leaves- leaves that have fallen（2）后置定語-分詞短語Police （后置定語hunting the killer of a part-time police officer）（后置定語 stabbed outside her home in northwest London ）are seeking a man （后置定語wearing a hooded top（連帽上衣）

21、（后置定語seen running away from the scene.后置定語的三種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：To be done 表將來Being done 表進(jìn)行Done 表一般過去或完成Are you going to attend the meeting to be held next month?The question being discussed is important.Did you attend the meeting held last month in Shanghai?3. 分詞作補(bǔ)語（1）在感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語You can see the vapor rising from the wet clothes when they are hung on the fire.I saw the passengers engulfed（吞沒） in fire.The hall was too noisy for the speaker to make himself heard.（2）作補(bǔ)語的分詞與不定式（不帶to）的區(qū)別