高中定語從句

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)高中定語從句(含中文翻譯,高考題解析) 在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，用來修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞或整個主句，所以，也稱作形容詞性從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩種。一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它們分別代替前面的先行詞，并在定語從句

2、中作主語、賓語或定語。 Awho 指人，在定語從句中作主語。 What was the name of the man who lent you the money 借錢給你的那人叫什么名字？（定語從句修飾先行詞the man） He who laughs lst laughs best. 誰笑到最后誰笑得最好。（定語從句修飾先行詞he） The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right. 會議主席坐在我右邊，他先發(fā)言。（定語從句修飾先行詞the chairman） Bwhom 指人，在定語從句中做賓語。在口語或非正式文

3、體中，whom可省略或可用who來代替，但在介詞后面以及在非限制性定語從句中只能用whom。 There are some people (whomwho)we like and others (whomwho) we dislike. 有些人我們是喜歡的，有些人則是我們討厭的。（定語從句分別修飾先行詞people, others） The people whomwho I work with are all friendly. 和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定語從句修飾先行詞the people） Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last nig

4、ht, is very interested in or plan. 昨晚我在電話里和卡特先生交談過，他對我們的計劃很感興趣。（非限制性定語從句中不能用who代替whom） Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office. 兩個人來到我的辦公室，我以前從未見過他們。（在介詞后面不用who） Cwhose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語，后面要緊跟被修飾的名詞。 There are some people whose faces you can nevr forget. 有些人，他們的臉你永遠(yuǎn)難以忘

5、懷。（定語從句修飾先行詞people） I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air. 我看見一些樹的樹葉由于空氣污染而發(fā)黑。（定語從句修飾行詞trees） Dwhich 1指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語。做賓語時?？墒÷?。 English is a language which is easy to learn. 英語是一門容易學(xué)的語言。（which在定語從句中作主語，不能省略） This is a folk song which is now very popular. 這是目前非常流行的一首民謠（

6、which在定語從句中作主語，不能省略） The river which flows through London is the Thames. 流經(jīng)倫敦的河叫泰晤士河。（which在定語從句中作主語，不能省略） The children like cookies (which) my wife makes. 孩子們喜歡我夫人做的餅干。(關(guān)系代詞which作makes的賓語，可以省略) 2which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以修飾前面的整個主句，相當(dāng)于and this。 Jim passedhis driving test, which surprised everybody. 吉姆通過了駕駛考

7、試，這使大家都感到驚訝。（定語從句修飾的是整個主句，而不是the driving test） Sheila couldnt come to the party, which was a pity. 希拉不能來參加聚會，真遺憾。（定語從句修飾的是整個主句，而不是the party） 3which在非限制性定語從句中有時也可以作定語。 John stayed here for a week, dring which time we visited the West Lake together. 約翰在這里呆了一星期，在此期間我們一起游了西湖。 It might snow this weekend,

8、 in which case we wont go to Beijing. 周末可能下雪，在這種情況下，我們就不去北京了。Ethat 指人時，相當(dāng)于who 或whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語（做賓語時?？墒÷裕?。 He is the man that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那個人。（定語從句修飾先行詞the man，作主語） I dont like stories that have unhappy endings. 我不喜歡結(jié)尾悲傷的故事。（定語從句修飾先行詞stories，作主語） The dress (that) Ann bough

9、tdoesnt fit her very well. 安買的衣服不太合身。（定語從句修飾先行詞the dress，that作賓語可省略） Is there anything (that) I can do for you 有我能為你效勞的事嗎？（定語從句修飾先行詞anything，that作賓語，可省略） 提示： 在口語中，that有時還可以作關(guān)系副詞，相當(dāng)于when或介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)。 We left the day (that) he arrived. 他來的那一天，我們就走了。（that替when） He doesnt see things the way (that) we see

10、 them. 他看問題的方法和我們不一樣。（that代替in which） Imagine the speed (that) he drives his car! 很難想象，他開車的速度那么快?。╰hat代替at which）F其他關(guān)系代詞 as 和but也可作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句。1as as可以在限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句中作主語或賓語。 在限制性定語從句中，as可跟在由suc, so, the same修飾的先行詞之后。 Such men as heard him were deeply moved. 聽過他說話的人，都會深受感動。（as在定語從句中作heard的主語） Ive

11、never heard such stories as he tells. 我從未聽過像他講的這樣的故事。（as在定語從句中作tell的賓語） He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift. 他搬起別人都搬不起的大石頭。（as在定語從句中l(wèi)ift的賓語）比較： 在the sameas結(jié)構(gòu)中，as也可用that代替。但嚴(yán)格地說，the sameas強(qiáng)調(diào)相同，the samethat注重同一。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的衣裙。（as指的是與

12、先行詞相似的同類事物） She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過的同一條連衣裙。（that指的是與先行詞同一事物） 在非限制性定語從句中，as可代表主句整個句子，引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，一般用逗號與主句分開。 As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China. 眾所周知，臺灣屬于中國的領(lǐng)土。 He is from the outh, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人，這一點(diǎn)我們從他的口音可以知道。必背：

13、一些由as引導(dǎo)的定語從句常位于句首，已形成了固定的說法。 as is known to all 這是眾所周知的 as has been said before 如前所說 as is often the case 情況常常如此 as may be imagined 這可以想象得出 as has been pointed out 正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣 as often happens 這種情況常常發(fā)生 2but but作關(guān)系詞只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，同具有否定意思的主句連用，相當(dāng)于thatnot, whonot或whichnot。 There is not a single student in m

14、y class but would like to study more. 我班上沒有一個學(xué)生不愿意多學(xué)一點(diǎn)的東西的。（but = whonot ） There are very few but are against war 很少人不反對戰(zhàn)爭。（but = whonot） G介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句是一種非常常見但也比較復(fù)雜的定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)。 1. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞中介詞的位置 關(guān)系代詞whom, which在從句中作介詞賓語時，可以跟介詞一起放在從句與主句之間（that, who不可以），也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動詞的后面，使關(guān)系代詞緊跟它所修飾的先行詞。

15、He is a man of rich experience, from whom much canbe learned. = He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from. 他是個經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的人，從他那兒可以學(xué)到很多。 The school in which he once worked is a key school. =The school (which that) he once worked in is a key school. 他曾經(jīng)工作過的學(xué)校是一所重點(diǎn)學(xué)校。 The manager in whosec

16、ompany I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. =The manager whose company Im working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 我就職的那家公司經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。 2介詞+關(guān)系代詞的常見結(jié)構(gòu) 介詞+whichwhom This is the famous singerabout whom we have often talked. 這就是那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩摇?Fo

17、rtunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost. 很幸運(yùn)，我們帶了一張地圖，如沒有的話，我們就會迷路了。 名詞+of+ whichwhom Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue. 請把那本藍(lán)封面的書遞給我。（也可用whose cover） 數(shù)詞+o+ whichwhom Shes got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses. 她有三只幸運(yùn)筆，其中兩只從未用過。 In our school there a

18、re about 200 teachers, thirty percent of whom are women. 我校大約有200位教師，其中百分之三十是女教師。 代詞+of+ whichwhom In the basket I find many apples, some o which have gone bad. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)籃子里有好些蘋果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。 There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities. 我們班有50個學(xué)生，其中大多數(shù)來自大城市。 Norman won $50,000, half

19、 of which he gave to his parents. 諾曼贏得五萬美元，他將其中一半給了他父母。 Tom tried on three shirt, none of which he was satisfied with. 湯姆試穿了三件襯衫，都不滿意。 最高級+of+ whichwhom China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. 中國有數(shù)千個島嶼，其中最大的是臺灣。 介詞+which+名詞 He usually returns home at ten, at which hour his fa

20、ther locks all the doors ad windows. 他通常十點(diǎn)鐘回家，在這時候他爸爸鎖好所有的門窗。 His wife got seriously ill, in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad. 他的妻子病得很重，在這種情況下，他不得不放棄出國的機(jī)會。 3關(guān)系代詞前介詞的選擇 在介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，應(yīng)注意介詞的正確選擇。 根據(jù)后面動詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。 The two things of which they felt prud were Jims watch and Del

21、las hair. 他們引以為豪的兩樣?xùn)|西是吉姆的手表和德拉的頭發(fā)。（feel proud of是固定搭配詞組） In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的街道上沒有一個她可以求助的人。（turn to sb. for help是固定搭配詞組） 根據(jù)與前面名詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。 Ill never forget the ay on which I first met him. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我第一次遇見他的那一天。(the day前面一般用介詞on) Can you i

22、magine a proper situation in which the expression can be used 你能設(shè)想一個使用這個詞語的場合嗎？(a situation前面一般用in) 有時須同時考慮動詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系及介詞和名詞的搭配關(guān)系。 Galileo made a telescope through which he could tudy the sky. 伽里略制作了一個望遠(yuǎn)鏡，通過它他得以研究天空。(study the sky through the telescope) Is that the house in which you once lived 那就是你曾

23、經(jīng)住過的房子嗎？(live in the house) 根據(jù)所要表達(dá)的意思來確定。 This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly. 這是我的眼鏡，離了它我什么也看不清。注意： 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。 I, who am your best friend, will do all that I can to help you. 我是你的好朋友，我會盡我一切所能來幫你。 The family, who are fond of music, go to the concer

24、t once a month. 這家人很愛音樂，他們每月都去聽一次音樂會。 He is one of the boys in ourclass who speak English well. 他是班上英語說得很好的男生之一。（one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式） He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well. 他是班上唯一英語說得很好的男生。（the (only) one the very one the right one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞 引導(dǎo)的定語從句謂語動

25、詞用單數(shù)形式）二、關(guān)系副引導(dǎo)的定語從句 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有when, where或 why等。when, where, why分別在定語從句中作狀語，在意義上相當(dāng)于介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)，分別代替表示時間、地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞。 Awhen 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然記得我第一次來到這所學(xué)校的那一天。(when= on which) He came at a time when we needed him most. 他是在我們最需要他的時候來的。(when=

26、at which) We will never forget the year 1949, when th Peoples Republic of China was founded. 我們永遠(yuǎn)忘不了1949年，那是中華人民共和國成立的一年。(when= in which)Bwhere 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。 I recently went back to the town where I was born. 我最近曾回過一次我出生的城市。(where = in which) I would like to live in a country where there is plety

27、 of sunshine. 我想住在一個陽光充足的國家。(where = in which) Whats the name of the place where you spent your holiday 你度假的那個地方叫什么名字？(where = at which)Cwhy 指原因，在限制性定語從句中作原因狀語。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 請告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。(why = for which) Te reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受懲罰的原因我們都

28、不知道。 注意: 無論是關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞，都在定語從句中取代了先行詞，因此，先行詞在定語從句中不復(fù)出現(xiàn)?！菊`】This is the book that I borrowed it yesterday.【正】This is the book that I borrowed yesterday. 這就是我昨天借的書。（that在定語從句中取代了先行詞the book，作borowed的賓語，因此，要去掉it）【誤】The English Corner is the place where people often go there to practise their spoken Engl

29、ish.【正】The English Corner is the place where people often go to practise their spoken English. 英語角是人們經(jīng)常去練習(xí)英語口語的地方。（where在定語從句中取代了先行詞the pace，作go的狀語，因此，要去掉there）三、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 根據(jù)定語從句在句中所起的作用，可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩大類。A限制性定語從句 限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，用于修飾和限定先行詞。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。書寫時不用逗號與先行詞分開。 This

30、is the boy who broke the window. 這就是打破窗子的孩子。（the boy是先行詞，who broke the indow是限制性定語從句，明確指出the boy是打破窗子的那個孩子） I have a book which teaches English grammar. 我有一本講解英語語法的書。（a book是先行詞，which teaches English grammar是限制性定語從句，修飾the book） The people whom you met in the hall are from Japan. 你在大廳見到的那些人來自日本。（定語從句

31、whom you met in the hall定先行詞the people）B非限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句在意義上只是一個附加修飾語，對先行詞或主句作些附加的說明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。書寫時往往用逗號與先行詞分開。 I, who am your friend, will share the work with you. 我是你的朋友，將與你分擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作。（I是先行詞，who am your friend是非限制性定語從句，對先行詞I起附加說明的作用） New Concept English is intended for foeign students, which is k

32、nown to us all. 新概念英語是專為外國學(xué)生編寫的，這是我們大家都知道的。（which is known to us all是非限制性定語從句，對主句作進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充說明）C在下列情況下，通常使用非限制性定語從句。 1當(dāng)先行詞表示的是世界上獨(dú)一無二的人或物時。 The sun, which gives us light and heat, is a fixed star. 太陽是一顆恒星，它給我們光和熱。 Last year I visted the Peoples Great Hall, where many important meetings are held every ye

33、ar. 去年我參觀了人民大會堂，每年許多重要會議都要在那里舉行。2當(dāng)定語從句修飾整個主句時。 Taiwan belongs to China, as everyone knows. 眾所周知，臺灣屬于中國的領(lǐng)土。 The weather was very terrible, which we hadnt expected. 天氣非常糟糕，這點(diǎn)們沒有料到。3當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞，或先行詞本身指示意義十分明確時。 Mr. Joe lives in Beijing now, which is quite a long way from here. 喬先生現(xiàn)在住在北京，那里距離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。 I congr

34、atulate my neighbour, whose son has just won the election. 我祝賀我的鄰居，他的兒子剛剛贏得選舉。四、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用，比較復(fù)雜除了牽涉到所指的先行詞是人還是物，所引導(dǎo)的定語從句是限制性的還是非限制性的，以及關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成份外，還要根據(jù)習(xí)慣用法而定。A只用who 在下列情況下，一般不能用that代替who。1在非限制定語從句中。 His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他媽媽十分地愛他，對他要求很嚴(yán)格。

35、2先行詞是one, anyone, those時。 One who has nothing to fear for hiself dares to tell the truth. 一個無所畏懼的人敢說真話。 Anyone who breaks the law shall be published. 任何犯法的人都將受到懲罰。 Those who are against the plan put up your hands please. 凡是反對這項(xiàng)計劃的人，請舉手。3在therehere be開頭的句子中。 Here is a boy who wants to see you. 有個男孩想見

36、你。4先詞與定語從句被其他詞所分隔時。 Dont tell anyone about the secret who oughtnt to know. 不要把這秘密告訴任何一個不該知道它的人。 I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是辦公室里唯一受到邀請的人。B 只用whichwhom 在下列情況下，一般不能用that代替whichwhom。1在非限制性定語從句中。 The weather was very terrible, hich we hadnt expected. 天氣非常糟糕，這我們沒有料到。2介詞后面。 關(guān)系代詞緊

37、跟在介詞或短語介詞后面，只能用which或whom，不能用that。 He climbed up to the top of a large rock, from which he got a good view. 他爬到一塊巨大的巖石頂上，從那里他看到很好的景色。（也可用from where） Sound is a tool, by means of which people communcate with each other. 聲音是工具，人們通過這個工具進(jìn)行交流。 They asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldnt ans

38、wer. 他們問了我許多問題，大部分我都不會回答。C只用that 在下列情況下，限制性定語從句中一般只用that引導(dǎo)1當(dāng)先行詞為everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little等詞時，或當(dāng)先行詞被every, any, all,some, no, little, few, much等詞修飾時。 Everything that they said was true. 他所說的一切都是真的。 He is dead and theres nothing that can be done. 他死了，再也沒有什么辦法了。 There was li

39、ttle that we could do to help her. 我們沒有什么能幫助她的。 These walls are all that remain of the ancint city. 這些墻是這座古城所殘存下來的全部。提示： something 后面可用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。 There is something(whichthat) Id like to tell you. 有些事我想告訴你。2當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。 The first place (that) they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在倫敦他們參觀的

40、第一個地方是大本鐘。 She was probably the hardest working student (that) I have ever taught. 她也許是我教學(xué)生中學(xué)習(xí)最勤奮的。3當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only修飾時。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. 這正是我要買的語法書。 Beauty is the only thing (that) Emily can be proud of. 美麗是埃米莉唯一能驕傲的東西。4當(dāng)先行詞為who或前面有who, which等疑問代詞時。 Who tha

41、t has common sense will believe uch nonsense 有常識的人誰會相信這種無聊的事情？ Who is the man that is standing by the gate 站在門口的那個人是誰？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？提示： 關(guān)系詞在定語從句中有三大作用1. 連接作用連接先行詞和定語從句。 I gave her all the money that I had. 我把我所有的錢都給了她。（that 連接先特詞 money和定語從句I had） 2. 替代作用在定語從句中替代從

42、句所修飾的先行詞。 The man who lives nest door is a famous teacher. 住在隔壁的那個人是個名師。（who 替代the man） 3. 成分作用在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語或狀語。 I like picrures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style. 我喜歡傳統(tǒng)的中國畫。（which在定語從句中作主語） 5當(dāng)先行詞為人與事物或動物時。 The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discover

43、ed. 掉入河里的司機(jī)與車都還沒有找到。 The boy and his dog that were believed to be lost in the wood were rescued this morning. 被認(rèn)為 在森林里迷路的孩子與狗，今天早上已經(jīng)獲救了。 6先行詞在定語從句中做表語時。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. 她再也不是過去那個甜美的女孩了。 He is not the man (that) he seems. 他這人不貌相。 D關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的選擇 當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間、地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞

44、時，定語從句用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)，要根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謥頉Q定。 I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度假的日子。（when作狀語） I will never forget the days which we spent together. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度過的日子。（whic作we spent賓語） I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一個我們可以野炊的地方。（where作狀語） I kno

45、w a place which is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一個以自然景色優(yōu)美而聞名的地方。（which作主語）E關(guān)系詞的省略 在下列情況下，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在非正式文體中可以省略。 1關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom在定語從句中做賓語時，?？墒÷?。 Are these keys (that which) you were looking for 這是你正在尋找的鑰匙嗎？ The man (whothat) I was sitting net to on the plane talked all the

46、time. 飛機(jī)上坐在我旁邊的那個人一直在喋喋不休。2以the way為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。 I dont like the way (that in which) she walks. 我不喜歡她走路的樣子。 The way (that in which) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答這些問題的方式令驚奇。3在the time when, the place where, the reason why結(jié)構(gòu)中，when, where, why可省略。 I shall neve

47、r forget the day (when) we first met. 我永遠(yuǎn)不能忘記我們第一次見面的那一天。 Thats the place (where) he stayed when he was in the country. 那就是他在鄉(xiāng)下呆過的地方。F定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別1強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的it是個引導(dǎo)詞，本身沒有意義。如果去掉it iswasthat，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整，句意也完整。定語從句中的it是指示代詞，做主句的主語。如果去掉it iswasthat，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，意思也完整。 It is a question that needs careful considerati

48、on. 這是一個需要慎重考慮的問題。（定語從句） It is novels that she enjoys reading.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型） 她喜歡閱讀的是小說。（=She enjoys reading novels）2在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分還可以是副詞、介詞短語或從句；在定語從句中先行詞一般是名詞、代詞或名詞短語。 It was because she was ill that we decided t return. （強(qiáng)調(diào)句型） 正是因?yàn)樗×?，我們才決定回來。 Was it in this palace that the last emperor died （強(qiáng)調(diào)句型） 那位末朝皇帝是在

49、這個宮殿里死的嗎？ Was it this palace where the last emperor died （定語從句） 這是那位末朝皇帝死的宮殿嗎？3有些強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中含有一個定語從句，這往往給理解帶來一定的難度。解決方法是仔細(xì)分析that或who在句中的作用。 It was in the labthat was set up last year that they finished the experiment. 他們是在去年建造的實(shí)驗(yàn)室里完成這個實(shí)驗(yàn)的。（that was set up last year 是定語從句，that在從句中作主語，并可被which替換） It was the

50、 students who came from our school that won the first prize in the contest. 是來自我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生獲得了競賽一等獎。（who came rom our school 是定語從句，who在從句中作主語）G定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別 1定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，起限定作用。而同位語從句等同于它所修飾的名詞，是名詞性的，其功能是對所修飾的名詞作補(bǔ)充說明。 It is a fact (that) you cant deny. 這是一個你不能否認(rèn)的事實(shí)。（定語從句） It is a fact that she ha

51、s done her best. 她盡了最大的努力，這是事實(shí)。（同位語從句） 2在定語從句中，that代先行詞，在從句中不僅起連接作用，還充當(dāng)某個句子成分，在作賓語時通常可省略。而在同位語從句中，that只起連接主句和從句的作用，無意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不可省。 The news (that) we heard spread all over the school campus. 我們聽到的消息傳遍了校園。（定語從句） The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. 李先生將是我們的新英語老師這個消息是真的

52、。（同位從句）1.(06湖南卷) We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _ we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C.with whom D. with which.答案：B2.(06重慶卷) I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in

53、 the direction _ she had come. A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which 答案：D3.(07重慶卷) Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which 答案：B方法4.名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+ of + which/ whom (整體中的部分或定語從句為最

54、高級)鏈接高考:(05湖南卷) I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. A. of them B.from which C. who of D. of whom答案: D(04遼寧卷) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80% _ are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that答案: A(07北京卷) We shouldnt spent our money testing so

55、many people, most of _ are healthy.A. that B. which C. what D. whom答案: D(04廣西卷) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which答案: A(07安徽卷) Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wan

56、ted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom答案: D考點(diǎn)5：非限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句不能用 that 引導(dǎo)，一般用引導(dǎo)詞 which/ as/ who，非限制性定語從句既可以修飾主句的部分內(nèi)容，也可修飾主句的全部內(nèi)容。as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但 which 或 who 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句不能放在主句句首。 As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth. The

57、 large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people life greatly. His speech, which bored us to death, was over at last. Her sister, who lived in another city, was coming to visit her. 關(guān)于非限制性定語從句，應(yīng)該注意：1. 關(guān)于非限制性定語從句和單句的比較 I am reading Harry Porter, which is an interesting book. He failed in

58、the exam. That made his parents angry.Vs. He failed in the exam, which made his parents angry. He has two sons. Both of them are teachers.Vs. He has two sons, both of whom are teachers.2. as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句與 it。 The earth is round. It is known to all. 比較：The earth is round, which is known to all. As is

59、known to all, the earth is round.比較： It is known to all that the earth is round. as 具有“正如”之意，搭配的動詞一般是固定的，如 as you know/ as you see/ as we planned/ as we expected/ as is reported .3.as 引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句與其他從句的比較。(狀語從句) This is such an interesting book that we all like it.（定語從句）This is such an interesting boo

60、k as we all like. such + 名詞 + as + 從句 the same + 名詞 + as + 從句（as 在從句中作主語、賓語或者表語）（07上海卷）His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where D. it答案: A（06天津卷）The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. A. what B.