高考英語語法填空題型及解題技巧,高考英語語法填空考點(diǎn)總結(jié)及真題解析

1、 語法填空（一）高考頻度：【考點(diǎn)解讀】在一篇約200詞左右的短文中留出10個(gè)空白，部分空白后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文在空白處填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的正確形式。語法填空則更側(cè)重考查考生語法和詞匯在語境中的運(yùn)用，強(qiáng)調(diào)詞匯的變形。同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)語篇分析能力，凸顯交際性和語境化特征。【考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)】20162020年高考新課標(biāo)全國卷語法填空考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)年份試卷類型體裁詞數(shù)話題考點(diǎn)分布2020年新課標(biāo)卷I說明文225中國無人月球探測器嫦娥四號發(fā)射的意義。提示詞7個(gè)61.時(shí)態(tài) 62. 副詞 63. 定語從句 64.名詞 65. 介詞 66. 非謂語動(dòng)詞67.謂語動(dòng)詞68. 謂語動(dòng)詞 69. 形容詞

2、70. 代詞 新課標(biāo)卷II說明文218介紹了用一些植物、水果和鮮花裝飾中國新年的寓意提示詞7個(gè)61. 名詞 62. 謂語動(dòng)詞63. 非謂語動(dòng)詞64. 65. 連詞 66. 非謂語動(dòng)詞 67.副詞 68. 非謂語動(dòng)詞 69.形容詞 70. 冠詞新課標(biāo)卷III記敘文242一位畫家畫畫栩栩如生，有一天他將畫送給宰相時(shí)，這位睿智的老人告訴他去漓江旅行也許他可以從世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家那里學(xué)到一些東西。畫家最后發(fā)現(xiàn)這位世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家就是大自然母親。提示詞7個(gè)61.定語從句 62. 形容詞 63. 謂語動(dòng)詞64. 名詞 65.狀語從句 66. 謂語動(dòng)詞67. 非謂語動(dòng)詞68. 副詞 69. 非謂語動(dòng)詞

3、70. 介詞山東新高考卷I說明文226博物館藏品的來源及博物館給人們帶來的好處和面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。提示詞7個(gè)36.形容詞 37. 連詞38.謂語動(dòng)詞 39.定語從句 40. 謂語動(dòng)詞41.謂語動(dòng)詞 42.代詞 43. 非謂語動(dòng)詞44. 名詞45. 介詞 2019年新課標(biāo)卷I說明文185介紹了北極熊的生存現(xiàn)狀提示詞7個(gè)61.同位語從句 62. 副詞用法63. 介詞64. 非謂語動(dòng)詞65. 時(shí)態(tài)66. 名詞67. 非謂語動(dòng)詞68. 形容詞比較級69. 定冠詞70. 主謂一致。新課標(biāo)卷II記敘文195九十高齡的Irene作為英國最年長的全職員工，她被頒發(fā) “年度女士”稱號。提示詞7個(gè)61.非謂語動(dòng)詞62.

4、定語從句63.副詞用法64.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)65.不定式作定語66.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)67.并列連詞68.非謂語動(dòng)詞69.冠詞用法70.形容詞作表語新課標(biāo)卷III記敘文180作者去夏威夷度假途中的經(jīng)歷以及到了主人家后受到的禮遇。提示詞7個(gè)61.副詞62.不定式63.介詞64.定語從句65.一般過去時(shí)66.名詞67.形容詞68.副詞69.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)70.分詞2018年新課標(biāo)卷I 說明文 196跑步的好處，它可以幫助人們延年益壽提示詞7個(gè)61.副詞的級 62. 不定式63.動(dòng)名詞64.時(shí)態(tài)65.比較句型66.定語從句67.名詞數(shù)68. 詞形變化69.詞形變化。70.代詞或名詞新課標(biāo)卷II 說明文 208

5、中國為保護(hù)環(huán)境在農(nóng)作物種植上做了一些變化并得到了世界上的知名人士的認(rèn)可提示詞7個(gè)61.時(shí)態(tài)62. 冠詞63. 副詞64. 非謂語動(dòng)詞65. 連詞66. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換67.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換68. 時(shí)態(tài)69. 定語從句70. 省略句新課標(biāo)卷III 記敘文 193在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此驚恐的經(jīng)歷提示詞7個(gè)61.賓語從句62.冠詞63.最高級64. 動(dòng)詞65. 非謂語66. 名詞67. 動(dòng)詞短語68. 代詞69. 時(shí)態(tài)70. 非謂語2017年新課標(biāo)卷I 說明文 223低脂肪、低鹽的飲食趨勢及其對人們健康的影響提示詞7個(gè)61. 介詞62. 名詞的數(shù)63. 非謂語動(dòng)詞64. 謂語動(dòng)詞65. 冠詞66. 比較級67.

6、主謂一致68. 非謂語動(dòng)詞69. 形容詞70. 定語從句新課標(biāo)卷II 說明文201世界第一個(gè)地鐵的形成和發(fā)展提示詞7個(gè)61.名詞的數(shù)62.介詞63.非謂語動(dòng)詞64.冠詞65.被動(dòng)語態(tài)66.副詞67.代詞68. 時(shí)態(tài)69. 名詞70. 形容詞新課標(biāo)卷III 說明文215 Sarah Thomas在學(xué)業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前所做出的選擇。提示詞7個(gè)61. 非謂語動(dòng)詞62. 冠詞63.時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)64. 定語從句65. 非謂語動(dòng)詞66. 名詞67. 名詞的數(shù)68. 介詞69. 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)70. 副詞作為高考新題型的語法填空試題，近年高考英語該題型具有下面這些特點(diǎn)：文章以說明文和記敘文為主，文章長度控制在190

7、220詞，10道題中，有67個(gè)試題給出提示詞，要求考生；考查的要點(diǎn)分為詞法和語法兩部分，詞法部分包括：1)詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換，結(jié)合語境考查給出的提示詞的名詞、形容詞或副詞變化；2)介詞的固定搭配，名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式及運(yùn)用；語法部分包括：時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的綜合運(yùn)用，非謂語動(dòng)詞，各種從句等。 從近年課標(biāo)卷的語法填空試題看，給出提示詞的考點(diǎn)主要包括：詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞與動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換，形容詞與副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換）；形容詞比較級與最高級的變化；名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化；動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣、謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的變化等。給出提示詞考點(diǎn)多為實(shí)詞，所填寫的詞匯根據(jù)語境和短文或?qū)υ拑?nèi)容可以是13個(gè)單詞。挖空分布均勻，考點(diǎn)的安排注重多

8、樣化。不給提示詞的考點(diǎn)主要包括：連詞（并列連詞和從屬連詞）、介詞（動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、介詞與名詞的搭配、代詞和冠詞等?！窘忸}技巧】第一部分 有提示詞題目的解題技巧有提示詞題目是指使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空這類題，近年來的高考題只考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級、詞類轉(zhuǎn)化等四種情況。專題一謂語動(dòng)詞【考點(diǎn)】謂語時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has donehave/has been done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are doingam/is/are being done一般過去時(shí)didwas/were done過去

9、完成時(shí)had donehad been done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doingwas/were being done一般將來時(shí)will dowill be done過去將來時(shí)would dowould be done【解題技巧】當(dāng)句子缺少謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)， 括號中的動(dòng)詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)，要根據(jù)語境確定用哪種時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)主語與該動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系確定用主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。具體解題技巧如下：第一步：確定句中是否缺謂語或并列謂語，如缺謂語動(dòng)詞，則填謂語動(dòng)詞。第二步：若為謂語動(dòng)詞，就要看主語與謂語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，以確定用主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，同時(shí)還要根據(jù)語境考慮用哪種時(shí)態(tài)。第三步：

10、要注意主謂一致。1.He _(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.【解析】在主語He后， pretend顯然是謂語動(dòng)詞；giving it(the tiger)a voice的主語應(yīng)當(dāng)是He, 因此， and giving與謂語動(dòng)詞是并列關(guān)系；由此推斷，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故填was pretending?！敬鸢浮縲as pretending2.One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in th

11、e kitchen. Suddenly, he _ (find) that he had run out of salt.【解析】在主語he后，find顯然為謂語動(dòng)詞；由前面句意可知，此處為一般過去時(shí)，故填found?！敬鸢浮縡ound3. I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car _(break) down near a remote village.【解析】在when后的分句中，my car是主語，其后的break應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞；由全文可知，這是敘述過去的經(jīng)歷，用一般過去時(shí)；再說was

12、 / were doing. when.did.是一個(gè)固定句型，when后面的句子的謂語用一般過去時(shí)， 表示正在做某事， 就在這個(gè)時(shí)候突然發(fā)生了另外一事， 故填broke。【答案】broke專題二 非謂語動(dòng)詞【考點(diǎn)】非謂語(無時(shí)態(tài)，有語態(tài))主動(dòng)被動(dòng)doingbeing donehaving donehave been doneto doto be doneto have doneto have been done【解題技巧】當(dāng)句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞又沒有并列連詞與括號中的動(dòng)詞并列，該動(dòng)詞就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)，就要根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法確定用具體的某種形式。如作主語或賓語，就用動(dòng)名詞 (表一般意義)或不

13、定式形式(表具體意義)；作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語，用不定式；作伴隨狀語或作定語，要根據(jù)與邏輯主語的關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞；有時(shí)也要根據(jù)句式搭配來確定，如see/hear/ notice sb.do/doing sth., spend.doing sth.等。具體解題技巧如下：第一步：若句中已有謂語，也不是作并列謂語時(shí)，應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞。第二步：根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些詞語的特殊要求，確定用哪種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。如作目的狀語一般用不定式形式，作主語或賓語用ing形式或不定式，在enjoy, finish等動(dòng)詞后作賓語用ing形式，在decide, refuse

14、等動(dòng)詞后作賓語要用不定式形式等等。 第三步：確定非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 第四步：根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系確定用一般式還是用完成式。1.I noticed a man _ (sit) at the front.【解析】句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞noticed，且sit前沒有并列連詞， 因此sit是非謂語動(dòng)詞；由固定句式notice sb. doing / do sth.(注意到某人在做/做了某事)可知填sitting或sit, 但根據(jù)文中提供的情境，不難推出作者注意到時(shí)，那個(gè)人是正坐在作者前面的，故填sitting更準(zhǔn)確、更切實(shí)際、也更生動(dòng)。【答案】sitti

15、ng2.In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always_(think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.【解析】此句已有謂語added，并且沒有并列連詞，又因?yàn)閑veryone與think為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用thinking作added的伴隨狀語?！敬鸢浮縯hinking3.Wh

16、ile she was getting me _(settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.【解析】由settle sb. into.(使某人舒服地處于某處)可知，me與settle是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，故填settled，構(gòu)成get賓語過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。句中g(shù)etting me settled into.的意思是安排我住進(jìn)?！敬鸢浮縮ettled專題三 形容詞和副詞的比較級或最高級【考點(diǎn)】 形容詞作定語，形容詞和副詞的比較等級或最高級，詞義比較

17、等?！窘忸}技巧】 當(dāng)括號中所給詞是形容詞或副詞，且空格處需要的仍是形容詞或副詞時(shí)，要根據(jù)語境，理解句意，若該詞意思不變，邏輯上講得通，就很可能填該詞的比較級(或最高級)；若需要用與該詞意義相反的詞邏輯才通順的，就要在該詞前加表示否定或相反意義的前綴。注意：要善于分析語境，辨別省略了than.的隱性比較級。具體解題技巧如下：第一步：分析結(jié)構(gòu)，確定所給詞在句子中作定語還是狀語。第二步：根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、語境或句子意義確定是填比較級還是最高級。1.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could

18、 be _(sweet)【解析】用nothing 與an act of kindness and love 相對比，這里是用比較級的否定形式表示最高級?！敬鸢浮縮weeter2. If he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little_ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the c

19、lass.【解析】此處仍需填形容詞，結(jié)合上下文意思，任何人想看他可能會顯得有點(diǎn)難，因?yàn)橐D(zhuǎn)過頭來。應(yīng)填比較級harder?！敬鸢浮縣arder3.He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did grow _(high)【解析】此處grow表示become，為系動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語，而high本身就是形容詞，無需作詞類轉(zhuǎn)換；由語境可知，比拔苗前更高了，故用high的比較級higher?！敬鸢浮縣igher專題四 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換【考點(diǎn)】詞類轉(zhuǎn)換多以派生詞變

20、化為主：形容詞副詞widewidely形容詞形容詞比較級/最高級widewider/widest形容詞名詞widewidth形容詞動(dòng)詞wide widen動(dòng)詞名詞instruct instruction (s)特殊變性happy happily, simple simply， true truly, arrange arrangement，judge judgment【解題技巧】當(dāng)空格處所需詞類與括號中所給詞的詞類不同時(shí)，就需要詞類轉(zhuǎn)化。我們可據(jù)以下3條規(guī)則順利解題：(1)作主語或賓語用名詞形式；(2)作定語、表語或補(bǔ)足語用形容詞形式；(3)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或另一副詞，作狀語，用副詞形式。具體

21、解題技巧如下：第一步：分析結(jié)構(gòu)，確定要填的詞在句中充當(dāng)哪種句子成分。在名詞前作定語、在系動(dòng)詞后作表語、作主語和賓語的補(bǔ)足語，一般要用形容詞；修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，或修飾整個(gè)句子，作狀語，用副詞；作主語或賓語用名詞，或者在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格后，用名詞。第二步：根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法將括號中的詞變成所需要的詞類。注意：1. 有時(shí)不但要注意詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，而且還要考慮用表示相反意義的前綴或后綴， 其邏輯意義才通順；2. 當(dāng)所給詞的詞性與空格處所需詞的詞性相同時(shí)， 無需改變詞性， 就可能是加只改變詞義但不改變詞性的前綴了。1.For some reason he sat beside Mary. Ma

22、ry felt_(please), because there were many empty seats in the room.【解析】felt為連系動(dòng)詞，后面要接形容詞或分詞作其表語，因此變成形容詞性分詞pleased?！敬鸢浮縫leased2. Jane knew from past experience that her_(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.【解析】在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中作主語應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞，或者說，在形容詞性物主代詞后，一定是用名詞形式，故填choice?！敬鸢浮縞hoice3. He failed his

23、 maths examination because of his_(care) work.【解析】在名詞前作定語， 要用形容詞； 由failed.可知， 要填表示否定意義的careless(粗心大意的), 意義才通順?！敬鸢浮縞areless4.In Alaska, the wolf almost _(appear) a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport.【解析】在句中作謂語， 應(yīng)填謂語動(dòng)詞； appear本身就是動(dòng)詞， 無需作詞性變化； 但是根據(jù)后文可知， 意思是狼在幾年前就差不多消

24、失了， 故填與appear意義相反的disappear; 又由a few years ago可知， 要用一般過去式?！敬鸢浮縟isappear第二部分 無提示詞題目的解題技巧無提示詞題目指的是在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）這類題，五年來，這類題只考代詞、冠詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞和介詞。那么什么情況下填代詞？何時(shí)填冠詞？何時(shí)填關(guān)聯(lián)詞？ 何時(shí)填介詞呢？專題一代詞【考點(diǎn)】不定代詞、指示代詞和替代詞的用法，it 的用法和人稱代詞的主格和賓格。人稱代詞(主格/賓格)反身代詞名詞性物主代詞?？嫉牟欢ù~指示代詞I/memyselfmineother/anotherthis/thatyouyourself/your

25、selvesyoursboth/neither/eitherhe/himhimselfhisall / noneshe/herherselfhersnothing/nobodythese/thoseititselfitseverything/everybodywe/usourselvesoursanything/anybodythey/themthemselvestheirssomething/somebody【解題技巧】當(dāng)句子缺主語或賓語時(shí)，填代詞：人稱代詞主格和賓格、指示代詞或it。因?yàn)槌洚?dāng)主語或賓語的應(yīng)是名詞或代詞，而在語法填空的純空格中一般是不要求考生填名詞的，所以只要句子缺主語或賓語

26、，就填代詞。此時(shí)，要根據(jù)前后語境，看該空格是指人還是事物，指男還是指女，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。除人稱代詞外，也有可能是填不定代詞等。還有可能是填作形式主語或形式賓語的it，替代后面作真正的主語或賓語的不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。解題技巧如下：第一步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。若句子缺主語，則要填代詞主格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it；若動(dòng)詞或介詞后面缺賓語，則要填代詞的賓格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it。如果該賓格與主語是同一人，應(yīng)用反身代詞。第二步：理解句子意思。根據(jù)各個(gè)代詞的意義和用法，以及句子所需的意義，填入合適的代詞。1.Behind him were other people to whom he was tryi

27、ng to talk, but after some minutes _ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.【解析】因but后的并列句中缺主語，應(yīng)填代詞； 根據(jù)語境，不難推斷坐到我附近的應(yīng)是他后面的那些人，即other people， 指人，是復(fù)數(shù)，作主語，應(yīng)當(dāng)填they?！敬鸢浮縯hey2. I rose from my seat I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had an amazing conversation. He got off the bus before m

28、e and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. Im glad I made a choice. It made _ of us feel good.【解析】此處作made的賓語，用代詞，由上文We (I and the mentally disabled man) had an amazing conversation可知，指作者和那個(gè)智障人，故填both?！敬鸢浮縝oth3.Do you need those glasses for medical reasons？.Then he took_ off, gave a big smile

29、and said, That is cool.【解析】空格處于動(dòng)詞took和介詞off之間，該處缺賓語，指代前面的glasses?！敬鸢浮縯hem專題二 限定詞【考點(diǎn)】冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞或作定語用的不定代詞：冠詞形容詞性物主代詞作定語用的代詞a(一個(gè))mysome (一些)youran(一個(gè))hisanother (另一個(gè))herthe(那個(gè)，這個(gè))itsother (其他的)ourtheir【解題技巧】在作主語、賓語或表語的名詞或形容詞名詞前，一般要用限定詞。 限定詞是指冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞，或可以作定語的不定代詞等。此時(shí)，要根據(jù)句子的意思來確定空格的語境意義，由此來判斷具體填什么詞。

30、如表示特指，大體相當(dāng)于這、這些、那、那些時(shí)用the；表示一(個(gè)、本、座)時(shí)用不定冠詞a或an；表示某人的，用物主代詞；表示一些用some，表示另一個(gè)用another，表示其他的用other等。解題技巧如下：第一步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。若空格后的名詞或者形容詞名詞前沒有形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞、冠詞等限定詞時(shí)，很可能是填限定詞。第二步：理解句子意思。根據(jù)所需意義選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)南薅ㄕZ，如需一(個(gè)、座、次)填不定冠詞，需某人的填物主代詞，需其它的填other。1. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had_ amazing conversatio

31、n.【解析】作賓語的名詞amazing conversation前應(yīng)填限定詞；根據(jù)習(xí)慣搭配可知填不定冠詞an，因?yàn)閔ave a conversation 意為談話?！敬鸢浮縜n2. But she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in _ last row.【解析】last row為形容詞名詞前沒有限定詞，根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該填限定詞，the last.為固定搭配。【答案】the3. The head of the village was tying up his horse to my

32、 car to pull it to _small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.【解析】作賓語的名詞small town前應(yīng)填限定語； 由句意可知， 此處指將車?yán)诫x那里大約有20公里遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)去修， 表示一個(gè)， 用不定冠詞， small以輔音開頭， 故填a。【答案】a專題三介詞【考點(diǎn)】before在(時(shí)、空)之前across 橫過、在上till 直到like 像after在(時(shí)、空)之后through 在中穿過for 表原因、目的to 表方向above在上面by 在旁邊，乘船、車等behind在后面of 表所屬

33、關(guān)系over 在正上方with 表伴隨(具有)beside 在旁around 在周圍under 在正下方at、in、on表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)near附近up向上on 在表面between表在二者之間along沿著down向下 in 在里面among表在三者之間from 來自off 遠(yuǎn)as作為 beyond超出范圍toward 朝、向【解題技巧】當(dāng)空格后的名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞不是作主語、表語，也不是作動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，填介詞。因?yàn)槊~和代詞最典型的用法是作主語或賓語，既然不作主語和動(dòng)詞的賓語，就應(yīng)是作介詞的賓語了，所以要填介詞。具體填什么介詞，由介詞與該名詞的搭配及其意義來決定，也可能是由動(dòng)詞或謂語與介詞的句

34、式搭配來決定。具體解題技巧如下：第一步：若空格后是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或what從句，且他們不是作主語或作動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，很可能就是填介詞。第二步：根據(jù)具體的語境或空格所在的句子意思來確定填哪個(gè)介詞。1. I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him _his own either.【解析】his own在句中不作主語， 也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語，就應(yīng)是作介詞的賓語，空格處應(yīng)填介詞；on ones own(alone)是固定搭配，所以填on。【答案】on2. The new boy looked

35、at the teacher _ a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.【解析】a few seconds在句中不作主語，也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語，就應(yīng)是作介詞的賓語，空格處應(yīng)填介詞；表時(shí)間段應(yīng)該用介詞for?！敬鸢浮縡or3. The only reason a man would sell sale_ a lower price would be because he wait desperate for money.【解析】名詞a low price 在句中不作主語，也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語，應(yīng)為介

36、詞的賓語，根據(jù)習(xí)慣搭配可知，用介詞at。【答案】at專題四關(guān)聯(lián)詞【考點(diǎn)】定語從句關(guān)系代詞who (主語)whom (賓語)that(主語/賓語)which(主語/賓語)whose(所有格)關(guān)系副詞when(時(shí)間)where(地點(diǎn))why(原因)how(方式)名詞性從句連詞that，if，whether連接代詞that，which，who，whom，whose，as，what，whether連接副詞when，why，where，how(ever)連詞因果關(guān)系because, as, since, so轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系though, but假設(shè)關(guān)系if, unless讓步關(guān)系though, althoug

37、h時(shí)間關(guān)系when, while, as, before, after, until, since 結(jié)果關(guān)系so.that.，such.that.比較關(guān)系as.as.，than【解題技巧】當(dāng)空格前后都是句子(一個(gè)主謂關(guān)系算一個(gè)句子)，且這兩個(gè)句子之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞時(shí)，填關(guān)聯(lián)詞；若并列的兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，填表示聯(lián)合、選擇、轉(zhuǎn)折等意義的連詞(and/but/so/or)；從屬句間常依據(jù)句子的屬性是名詞性從句、形容詞性從句還是副詞性從句來確定其關(guān)聯(lián)詞。具體解題技巧如下：第一步：分析結(jié)構(gòu)，若兩個(gè)句子(有兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間，沒有句號或分號，也沒有連接詞，空格必填連接詞(此處的連接詞包括并列連

38、詞，如：and, but, or, while, so, for等；引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞；引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞；引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞、連接副詞和連詞that, if, whether)。第二步：根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，或根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)來確定是并列結(jié)構(gòu)還是某種主從復(fù)合句。第三步：若是主從復(fù)合句，要根據(jù)從句的特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合連詞的意義和作用，確定填具體的某個(gè)連接詞。1. Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk，.【解析】空格前后都是句子且這兩個(gè)句子之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞， 應(yīng)填關(guān)聯(lián)詞； 后面一句應(yīng)當(dāng)這樣理解he was

39、 trying to talk to the people, 可見， 后面一句是定語從句， 先行詞是people, 直接在介詞后應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)定語從句?！敬鸢浮縲hom2. _ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.【解析】該處為兩個(gè)簡單句，應(yīng)填關(guān)聯(lián)詞，根據(jù)句意可知為讓步關(guān)系?！敬鸢浮縏hough/ Although3.The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students

40、wondered _ the boy would do.【解析】空格前后都是句子且這兩個(gè)句子之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞， 應(yīng)填關(guān)聯(lián)詞；該處缺賓語，what引導(dǎo)賓語從句?！敬鸢浮縲hat專題五情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞【考點(diǎn)】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1can，will，shall，may，must，need情態(tài)動(dòng)詞2could，would，should，might 助動(dòng)詞1do，does，did 助動(dòng)詞2have，has，had【解題技巧】1若句子結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語動(dòng)詞是原形，特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時(shí)，很可能是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，或強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語的do, does, did, 或構(gòu)成部分倒裝的助動(dòng)詞do，does，did等；2

41、還要注意有可能是部分倒裝，填助動(dòng)詞have，has，had與主語后的過去分詞以構(gòu)成完成時(shí)；3填it或that，以構(gòu)成it is/ was.that.這個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。1. Listen to these words from Darwin PKingsley: You have powers you never dreamed of. You can do things you never thought you _do. There are no limitations in what you can do except the limitations of your own mind.【解析】

42、因空格后的do是原形，而thought是一般過去時(shí)，所以空格處應(yīng)當(dāng)是填情態(tài)或助動(dòng)詞；又由前面You can do things和后文的you can do可以得到啟示，此處也填can, 只不過用其過去式(由thought可知)，故填could。句意是你能做你(以前)從未想到過你能做的事。【答案】could2. I explained that while I didnt carry any cash, I_ happen to have a new blanket, and asked him if he could use it. He was thrilled.【解析】因謂語動(dòng)詞happe

43、n是原形，而前后語境的謂語動(dòng)詞都是過去式，時(shí)態(tài)不一致，所以此處應(yīng)填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞；由句意我解釋說， 雖然我沒有帶現(xiàn)金， 但我的確恰好有一張新毯子， 故填助動(dòng)詞did，對謂語動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)?！敬鸢浮縟id題組一（2020年高考真題）Cloze 1（2020新課標(biāo) = 1 * ROMAN I卷）China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change-4 probe (探測器) - the name was inspired by an ancie

44、nt Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moons far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send si

45、gnals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環(huán)形山)， more so 65 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-A

46、itken basin. This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct) Data about the moons composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China de

47、cide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.Cloze 2（2020新課標(biāo)I = 1 * ROMAN I卷）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62 (carry) special significance. They r

48、epresent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 65 (decorate) wit

49、h red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67 health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68 (car

50、e) for and make great presents.Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70 first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.Cloze 3（2020新

51、課標(biāo)II = 1 * ROMAN I卷）In ancient China lived an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. The artists reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (畫像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The ar

52、tist was sure he would63(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li Riverperhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags a

53、nd left. 65 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river he was left spee

54、chless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (謙卑) by th

55、e greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.Cloze 4（2020山東新高考卷）Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home

56、 until it got too big 37 until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759.The parts of a museum open to the public 40 (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small

57、part of a museums collection 41 (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in hist

58、ory or 43(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the citys Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45peoples spare time and money with ot

59、her amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.題組二（2019年高考真題）Cloze 1（2019新課標(biāo) = 1 * ROMAN I卷）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare nor

60、th of 88,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _62_ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 pola