備戰(zhàn)2021屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)愛尚閱讀話題篇專題12語言與學(xué)習(xí)含解析

1、備戰(zhàn)2021屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)愛尚閱讀話題篇專題12語言與學(xué)習(xí)含解析備戰(zhàn)2021屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)愛尚閱讀話題篇專題12語言與學(xué)習(xí)含解析備戰(zhàn)2021屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)愛尚閱讀話題篇專題12語言與學(xué)習(xí)含解析專題12 語言與學(xué)習(xí)【美文閱讀1】導(dǎo)讀：隨著中國在世界經(jīng)濟舞臺的強勢崛起，中國熱也持續(xù)升溫。越來越多的西方人開始迷上了古老神秘的中國文化。孔子學(xué)院以前所未有的模式,敲開了文化傳播的世界之門。Confucius InstitutesIf Confucius were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birt

2、hday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles。 Hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out。 While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought。 Its nothing personal. Most Americans dont even reme

3、mber the birthdays of their own national heroes. But this doesnt mean that Americans dont care about Confucius。 In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China。 In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge

4、 popularity in Western universities. More recently， the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries。 These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art， history and philosophy。 Some social scientist

5、s suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United

6、States。 Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well.Today China attracts the West more than ever， and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to t

7、he West. As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West， even if his birthday is。孔子學(xué)院如果孔子仍在人世，并且能在9月28日買個生日蛋糕來慶祝,那么蛋糕上可需要很多很多的蠟燭。他得需要一臺風(fēng)扇或者一陣大風(fēng)才能把蠟燭熄滅。雖然在這個特別的日子，很多中國人會紀(jì)念孔子，在美國卻沒有幾個人能想起他。這事無關(guān)個人。大多數(shù)美國人甚至不記得自己的國家英雄的生日。但是，這并不意味著美國人不喜歡孔子。在很多方面，孔子已經(jīng)成為了外國人深入了解中國必須跨越的一座橋梁。在過去的二

8、十年里，漢語學(xué)習(xí)項目在西方的大學(xué)中受到了很大的歡迎。最近,中國政府在80多個國家創(chuàng)辦了孔子學(xué)院。這些學(xué)院教授漢語和中國文化。主要的中國文化課程一般包括中國藝術(shù)、歷史和哲學(xué)。一些社會學(xué)家建議西方人應(yīng)該利用古老的中華智慧來彌補西方哲學(xué)的不足.同時，美國的學(xué)生在競相學(xué)習(xí)中文。這樣，他們就會為生活在一個中國與美國勢均力敵的世界做好準(zhǔn)備了。想要在中國賺錢的商人們也在閱讀有關(guān)孔子的書籍,以便能夠更好地了解他們的中國客戶.由此可見，這位老思想家的理念仍然具有很強的生命力。今天的中國比以往任何時候都更加吸引著西方世界，這也就需要更多的師資力量將孔子和中國文化傳播到西方。至于這位老思想家，盡管他的生日被西方人遺

9、忘了，他的思想?yún)s會被人們所銘記.重點單詞：1。 Confucius knfju:js n. 孔子（中國哲學(xué)家，教育家）2. drawback drbk n。 缺點，不利條件3。 Philosophy flsf n. 哲學(xué)；哲理；人生觀重點短語 / 亮點句式：1。 If Confucius were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake， there would be a lot of candles。如果孔子仍在人世,并且能在9月28日買個生日蛋糕來慶祝,那么蛋糕上可需要很

10、多很多的蠟燭。這是一個使用了虛擬語氣的主從復(fù)合句，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告訴你.（與現(xiàn)在事實相反）If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。（與過去事實相反）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday， we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我們就不能去滑冰了.（與將來事

11、實相反）2。 put out 熄滅，生產(chǎn)。如：The boys quickly put out the fire with water and an old coat.那些男孩們很快地用水和舊外衣把火熄滅了。The company puts out 2，000 computers every month.這家公司每月生產(chǎn)二千臺計算機。3。 care about擔(dān)心,關(guān)心。如：I really care about the students in my class。 我的確喜歡這個班上的學(xué)生。They dont care about the expenses。 他們對費用不在乎.4。 set u

12、p 建立;開辦;建起.如：In remembrance of the battle, we set up a museum。為紀(jì)念那次戰(zhàn)役， 我們建立了一座博物館.He set up the statue in the square。他把雕像豎立在廣場里.5. Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy。一些社會學(xué)家建議西方人應(yīng)該利用

13、古老的中華智慧來彌補西方哲學(xué)的不足.（1）suggest作建議講時，接賓語從句，從句用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should可以省略。作暗示,表明講時， 接賓語從句,從句用陳述語氣。如：She suggested that the class meeting (should） not be held on Saturday。 她建議班會不要在星期六舉行。The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry. 他臉上的表情表明他很生氣。（2)make up for補償，彌補.如：You have to make

14、up for our loss.你們必須對我們的損失作出補償。What he lacks in speed he makes up for in strength.他的力量彌補了他速度的不足。6. as for關(guān)于,至于。如：As for his loneliness， I do understand it。關(guān)于他的孤寂，我是再了解不過了.As for me， I teach art。至于我自己，我教藝術(shù)?！久牢拈喿x2】導(dǎo)讀：古人云“寧可三日食無肉，不可一日居無書”，可見讀書的重要和樂趣. 手捧一卷書，足不出戶我們就可以橫越蒼茫大海、漫步絲綢之路。Why Do I ReadI grew up

15、in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves， most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of。 In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives by creatin

16、g worlds we could step into， take part in and live in. With this unshakable belief, I, at fourteen, decided to become a writer。 Here too， reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say， but being unable to find the right ways to say it。 He has to find his own voi

17、ce by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world。 He cannot write without loving to read， because only through reading other peoples writing can one discover what works， what doesnt and, in the end，

18、 together with lots of practice, what voice he has。 Now I am in college, and have come to realize how important it is to read fictionAs a law student， my reading is in fact limited to subject matterthe volume of what I have to read for classes every week means there is little time to read anything e

19、lse. Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life。 Reading fiction reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road， all from the comfort of my own armchair， to experience，

20、though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldnt necessarily be able to have in my lifetime。緣何讀書小時候，我們家里很少開電視，我臥室的一面墻壁上都是書架,童年的大部分時間我都是與書為伴度過的。實際上，在成長的過程中，我一直認(rèn)為讀書和呼吸一樣自然，而且書籍有著令人難以置信的強大力量,它創(chuàng)造著我們身處的社會，從而塑造著我們的觀點.懷著這種堅定的信念,十四歲時我就立志要成為一名作家。說到寫作，讀書就非常有用了。每個作家都是從這個階段開始的:覺得自己有話要說，但是卻苦于找不到表達(dá)的方法.他需要博覽

21、群書,找出自己同意的或者反對的內(nèi)容，又是哪些內(nèi)容重塑了自己的內(nèi)心世界，這樣他才能表達(dá)出自己的觀點。不熱愛讀書的人就不會寫作，因為只有通過閱讀他人的作品他才能發(fā)現(xiàn)哪些方法可行，哪些不可行，最后，經(jīng)過大量的練習(xí),他就會找出自己的寫作方法.如今我上了大學(xué),越發(fā)慢慢意識到多多閱讀文學(xué)作品的重要性。作為一個法律專業(yè)的學(xué)生,我的閱讀量實際上僅限于專業(yè)文獻每周必讀的和功課有關(guān)的書籍已經(jīng)很多，我?guī)缀鯖]有時間讀其他的書了。這樣的閱讀讓我清楚地知道在漫漫人生中我所處的不過是方寸之地。閱讀文學(xué)作品時刻提醒我在自己的生活之外還另有天地。坐在扶手椅中，我就可以舒舒服服地橫越蒼茫大海、漫步絲綢之路,雖然只是間接的體驗，我

22、卻經(jīng)歷了有生之年未必有機會去經(jīng)歷的新奇和刺激。重點單詞：perspective pspektv n. 觀點fiction fk（)n n. 小說reshape riep vt。 改造；再成形volume vljum n. 量necessarily ness()rl adv。 必要地;必定地，必然地重點短語 / 亮點句式:turn on打開；發(fā)動.如: He asked me to turn on the radio for him。他讓我替他打開收音機.take part in 參加。如：He will take part in a chess tournament next week. 下星

23、期，他將要參加一場國際象棋比賽.He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other peoples writing can one discover what works, what doesnt and， in the end， together with lots of practice， what voice he has。 不熱愛讀書的人就不會寫作，因為只有通過閱讀他人的作品他才能發(fā)現(xiàn)哪些方法可行，哪些不可行，最后，經(jīng)過大量的練習(xí),他就會找出自己的寫作方法?！癘nly + 狀語”位于句首時

24、，句子要使用部分倒裝.如：Only in each afternoon does the university library open。大學(xué)圖書館只有每天下午才開放。Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life。這樣的閱讀讓我清楚地知道在漫漫人生中我所處的不過是方寸之地。本句中的it作形式賓語，代替后面的that從句。如：I think it best that you should stay with your frien

25、ds. 我認(rèn)為你最好和朋友們待在一起。練習(xí):1。 Only in this way _ to make improvement in the operating system. A。 you can hope B. you did hope C。 can you hope D. did you hope 2。 What effect does reading have on the author?答案：1。 C 【解析】“Only + 狀語”位于句首時，句子要使用部分倒裝。選項D時態(tài)不對。句意:只有用這種方式你才能有希望改進操作系統(tǒng).2. It opens up a wider world f

26、or him。 “語言與學(xué)習(xí)”是高考?？嫉脑掝}之一。本話題包括英美英語的差異、英語和文化、語言學(xué)習(xí)的困難和策略、語言和交際的態(tài)度、學(xué)習(xí)方法和學(xué)習(xí)策略等方面。這些話題與學(xué)生的日常學(xué)習(xí)密切相關(guān)，通過這些話題的學(xué)習(xí)和考查，可以讓學(xué)生了解西方語言的特點及其語言背后的文化差異，研究學(xué)習(xí)方法和策略，激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)外語的熱情，促進他們的身心健康?！靖呖继骄俊拷鼛啄旮呖加⒄Z中本話題常以聽力、閱讀理解、完形填空和書面表達(dá)的形式來進行考查，例如2018年新課標(biāo)卷I閱讀理解C篇；2018年新課標(biāo)卷II閱讀理解C篇；2017年高考新課標(biāo)卷1完形填空；2016年四川卷完形填空；2016年浙江卷閱讀理解C、D兩篇；2016

27、年北京卷閱讀理解A、D兩篇;2016年江蘇卷閱讀理解A篇和天津卷閱讀理解A篇；2015年天津卷閱讀理解C篇；2014年新課標(biāo)全國卷閱讀理解D篇；2012年四川卷書面表達(dá)等。【參考詞匯】重點單詞.寫作必記單詞1. absorb vt。吸收;理解；使全神貫注；吸引(注意）2。 approach v. 接近；靠近；n.接近；方法；途徑3。 course n. 課程;過程4。 difficulty n. 困難，困境5. explain vt。解釋，說明explanation n。 解釋；講解；說明6。 express v. 表達(dá)；表示7。 gradually adv.逐漸地gradual adj。逐漸

28、的8. master vt.精通,掌握；n.大師；主人9。 overcome v. 克服，解決10。 practice n。 v. 練習(xí)11。 request v. n. 請求；要求.閱讀識記單詞12. accent n。 口音；腔調(diào)；重音13. accumulate vt。& vi.積累;積聚accumulation n. 積累，積聚14。 accurate adj.準(zhǔn)確的，精確的accurately adv。精確地，準(zhǔn)確地accuracy n. 精確，準(zhǔn)確15. classify vt。分類16. consult v. 咨詢17. correction n。 改正18。 effective

29、 adj。有效的effect n. 效果，作用19。 dialect n. 方言，土語20. enlarge vt.擴大21. enrich vt。豐富22. excellent adj.極好的，優(yōu)秀的excellently adv.極好地;優(yōu)秀地23。 expression n. 表達(dá)；表示；表情;詞語，措辭24. grasp vt。領(lǐng)會;掌握25。 fluently adv.流利地26. frequently adj。頻繁地frequent adj.頻繁的27。 memorize v。 記憶28. pronunciation n。 發(fā)音pronounce vt.& vi。發(fā)音29. rec

30、ognize v. 辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；識別30. scan vt。& vi。掃讀;瀏覽31。 sentence n. 句子32. shortcoming n. 缺點，短處33。 shortly adv。不久；簡單地，扼要地34. skim vt。 vi.跳讀；略讀35。 spelling n。 拼寫；拼法36. standard n. & adj。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(的)37. straight adj.筆直的；正直的；adv。直接地;坦率地38. stress n. 重音39. term n。 術(shù)語；條目40. usage n。 使用;用法41. vocabulary n. 詞匯42. wonderful a

31、dj.精彩的；了不起的重點短語1。 at present目前；現(xiàn)在2。 attach importance to重視3。 because of因為;由于4。 come up提出;走近5. form the habit of養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣6。 have a good command of精通7。 have a good knowledge of通曉8。 insist on堅持9。 keep/bear。.in mind記住10。 look up查閱；向上看11. make progress取得進步12。 make full use of充分利用13. pick up(偶然）學(xué)得;拾起，撿起；接收14。

32、 put.。.to use使用15. such as例如；像【寫作示例】1.英語學(xué)習(xí)體會（1)enlarge ones vocabulary；（2）refer to the dictionary.。 ；(3)focus on learning grammar；(4）form the habit of reading；(5）reading skills/ strategies/abilities；(6）My experience tells me.。. （7）I practise listening two hours a day. (8）I find it hardest to learn E

33、nglish grammar. （9)The stronger the motivation is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.2。英美英語差別(1)American /British English;（2）There is little/ much difference in grammar。 (3)Im confused about the difference between.。 and.。. 3。語言與文化(1)language learning；(2)culture difference /dive

34、rsity；（3)cultivate cross-cultural awareness；(4)Respect others culture and custom；（5）Culture plays an important role in language learning. （6)Culture understanding enables us to .。 （7)It is high time for us to treasure and protect culture relics?！驹掝}范文】Protect Traditional Chinese CultureThe protection

35、 of national and folk culture is of great significance to Chinese cultural diversity and also to the harmonious development between local economic and social development。 It is reported that the Guangdong government pays special attention to protecting Chaoju（潮劇)， a local drama born in Chaozhou in t

36、he eastern Guangdong province。 In my opinion， some measures should be taken to protect traditional culture effectively. To start with, we should make a law to regulate the societys performance. Besides, we should draw more peoples attention to it， for the more they know about the importance of cultu

37、re protection, the stronger the support we can get from the public。 In a word, it is high time for us to treasure and develop our own valuable culture。 I閱讀理解閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A What do you do when you need to look something up？ Go to the library？ Open an encyclopedia（百科全書)? Click onto

38、 the Internet? These days, most people go straight to Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia. But how reliable is it?Theres no denying the popularity and usefulness of Wikipedia。 It attracts as many as 78 million visitors every month， and the site is available in more than 270 different languages. Its o

39、ne of the most comprehensive resources available which includes almost all details， facts and information that may be concerned。 Its got much more information than an ordinary encyclopedia. The site is updated on a daily basis by thousands of people around the world。 Anyone with an Internet connecti

40、on can log on and edit the contents or add a new page. And you dont need any formal training。Of course, there are some controls。 Wikipedia has a team of more than 1,500 administrators who check for false information. And main targets for harmful comments（such as politicians)are off-limits to public

41、editing. But with more than 16 million articles to keep an eye on， it isnt easy。 So, while Wikipedia benefits from being constantly updated with information from all over the world， its also open to “vandals（恣意破壞公共財物者）。Some of the damage is easy to notice。 One person drew devil horns and a moustache

42、 on Microsoft chairman Bill Gates photo， while another edited Greek philosopher Platos biography to say he was a “Hawaiian weather man who is widely believed to have been a student of Barney the purple Dinosaur”.But other things are harder to spot。 The most common form of vandalism（恣意破壞公共財物罪） involv

43、es adding tiny items of false information into the biography of a famous person。 Unbelievably, some of this misinformation has appeared in newspapers, with The Daily Mail, The Guardian and The Independent all having fallen victim to the dirty tricks。 For example, in an article about British comedian

44、 Sir Norman Wisdom, one newspaper claimed that he cowrote Dame Vera Lynns wartime hit。 Therell be bluebirds over the White Cliffs of Dover。 He did no such thing。 And in other article, it was reported that TV Theme tune composer Ronnie Hazlehurst had written the S Club 7s hit Reach again， not true. S

45、o， if youre going to use any information from Wikipedia, make sure you double check it first。1。According to the passage， which of the following statements about Wikipedia is true？A.The primary job of the administrators is to guarantee information conveyed is accurate.B。Wikipedia is updated daily so

46、it is the most comprehensive resources available.C。Wikipedia is sure to be attacked because too many people are using it.D。Whoever has access to the Internet can edit any contents of Wikipedia as they like。2。The main idea of the last two paragraphs is that_。A.information about famous people is likel

47、y to be inaccurate.B.all items of false information are not easy to get spotted.C。however famous the papers are, they will be cheated。D.you can never be careful enough while updating information online.3。Whats the writers attitude to Wikipedia according to the text？A.Objective.B。Critical。C。Satisfied

48、D。Supportive4.Which is the best title for the passage？A。The Most Reliable Online EncyclopediaB.Why Is Wikipedia So Popular?C.An Online Encyclopedia With Advantages And DisadvantagesD。How Dose Wikipedia Help You?BKoko the gorilla knew over 1，000 signs based on American Sign Language, and used them to

49、 do everything from asking for food to joking around。 Her trainer， Penny Patterson， thought Koko went further still, signing in novel ways and showing complex emotions. According to Ms。 Patterson, when a cat that Koko loved was killed in an accident， Koko signed： “Cat， cry， have-sorry, Kokolove。 Whe

50、n Koko died last month， some of her obituaries (訃告) mourned the gorilla who had “mastered American sign language”。Then came the critics， from linguists and experts in sign languages。 There is no doubt that animals communicate。 Bees can demonstrate the direction and distance of a source of food. Dolp

51、hins make noises that function like names。 Yet there is an important distinction between communication and language.Take the misleading term “body language”. It is sometimes claimed that words convey just 7% of meaning， and that body language and tone of voice do the rest. But try conveying a fact l

52、ike “It will rain on Tuesday” with your eyebrows， and the difference becomes clear. Language allows for clear statements， questions and commands.Noam Chomsky has argued that people have a kind of “universal grammar”， and that all humankinds languages are mere variations （變奏曲） on a theme。 He has chan

53、ged his mind repeatedly on what makes up the essential of human language, but one obvious candidate is syntax-rules, not just words， which allow the construction of huge variety of meaningful expressions。 No language in the world merely uses relevant signs together like communications at the tourist

54、-abroad level of pointing and making exaggerated facial expressions.That gorillas lack syntax should not blind humans to their magnificence. But the fact that Koko could communicate should not mislead observers into thinking she possessed language。5。What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1?A

55、.Describe an amazing animal。B。Inform people of Kokos death.C。Introduce the topic of the text.D.Show Ms Pattersons technique。6.What can we infer about language according to the text？A。It consists of words and body language and syntax.B。Body language actually cant be taken as language。C.Its power that

56、 both humans and animals possess。D。Facial expressions allow for clear statements and commands.7.Which of the following can best convey “It will rain on Tuesday？A.Facial expressions.B。Eyebrow movements。C。Pointing。D.Dialect。8。What is the main idea of the text？A.Human language is different from mere co

57、mmunication.B.Rules play an essential part in human communication.C.Noam Chomsky is a brilliant master of human language。D。Kokos extraordinary skills deserve peoples recognition.C Buttons are found on all sorts of clothing. They are usually small and round and made of metal or plastic. They fasten，

58、or connect， one piece of clothing to another。 They make sure your clothes dont fall off。 When we are speaking or writing in English, buttons can be just as useful。Men or women often wear buttondown clothes to the office。 Buttondown as an adjective means to be conservative（保守的） or traditional. People

59、 who are described as buttoneddown stay close as possible to the normal way of dressing and behaving。 They dont wear crazy clothing or do unusual things。 People and events can both be described as buttoned-down.If someone is buttonedup， he or she seems very business-like。 In personal relationships,

60、a buttonedup person is cold and standoffish, meaning they physically and emotionally keep away from others. Buttoned-up people are not warm or friendly. And they do not share their inner thoughts and feelings with others.In the expression “button up”, button is a verb。 It means to stop talking. Now,