跨文化交際復(fù)習(xí)unit 5

1、2012-2013Intercultural CommunicationsContents Unit 1 Communication Across Cultures An Introduction Unit 2 Culture and Communication Unit 3 Daily Verbal Communication Unit 4 Verbal CommunicationUnit 5 Language and CultureUnit 6 Nonverbal Communication Unit 7 Cultural Differences Unit 8 Intercultural

2、AdaptationUnit 5 Language and Culture1. Warm-up Exercises1) Proverbs and sayings2) Word play3) Case study 4) Questions The limits of my language are the limits of my world.Language most shows a man. Speak, that I may see thee. Ben JohnsonThe sum of human wisdom is not contained in any one language,

3、and no single language is capable of expressing all forms and degrees of human comprehension. Ezra PoundWarm-up: Proverbs and sayings2. The Relationship between Language and Culture Language has a dual character: it is both a means of communication and a carrier of culture. Culture: totality of beli

4、efs and practices of a society, nothing is of greater strategic importance than the language through which its beliefs are expressed and transmitted and by which most communication of its members takes place. 2.1 language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it. The relation of la

5、nguage to culture is that of part to whole. A film-maker: “A different language is a different view of life.”Language: the keystone of culture 2.2 language is influenced and shaped by culture and it reflects culture. “In the broadest sense, language is the symbolic representation of a group of peopl

6、e, and it consists of their historical cultural backgrounds as well as their ways of living and thinking”. 3. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisEdward Sapir (1884 - 1939) and Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897-1941) the strong notion of linguistic determinism: language determines thoughtthe notion of linguistic relativis

7、m: speakers of different languages perceive and experience the world differentlyLinguistic evidence of cultural differences: a. Color wordsb. Metaphor and Associationc. Euphemism& taboos d. Terms of address 4. Linguistic evidence of cultural differences culturally loaded words 1) Color words “Colorf

8、ul” language 2) Metaphor and Association3) Euphemisms 4) Taboos 5) Kinship terms and terms of addressConnotations of wordsColor terms Chinese English RED/紅色 wedding; bright with happiness; cheerfulness; joyfulness bloody violence; warning; danger; deficit WHITE/白色Purity; innocence; cleanness; death

9、(funeral)purity; innocence; holiness (wedding) BLUE/藍(lán)色 Clearness; gloom gloom; depression; low spirit; Nobility GREEN/綠色life; youth; vitality; vividnessenvy; inexperienceYELLOW/黃色Sunshine; nobility; pornographic association timidness; coward; particular usage Colors“Colorful” language red-letter day

10、sto paint the town red to roll out the red carpet for someone “開(kāi)門(mén)紅” to see red, waving a red flag 紅光滿面, 紅衛(wèi)兵, 又紅又專, 一顆紅心a white lie紅白喜事 happy occasions ？白菜(Chinese cabbage)，白蟻(termite)，白熊(polar bear)白費(fèi)事(all in vain, a waste of time and energy)，白送(give away, free of charge)，白開(kāi)水(boiled water)，白肉(plain

11、boiled pork)，坦白(to confess, to make a clean breast of things)，白癡(idiot)in a blue moodhaving the bluesa blue Monday Both George W. Bush and John Kerry are from blue-born family. yellow movies, yellow books, yellow music?黃色電影，書(shū)刊，音樂(lè) pornographic pictures, obscene movies, filthy books, vulgar music US:

12、Yellow Pages2) Metaphor and Association“Rise like lions after slumberIn unvanquishable numberShake your chains to earth like dewWhich in sleep had fallen on youYou are manythey are few.” Percy Bysshe Shelley“You chicken!” he cried, looking at Tom with contempt.The stork visited the Howard Johnstons

13、yesterday. 你真熊！那家伙簡(jiǎn)直像個(gè)泥鰍?。╯lippery as an eel鱔魚(yú)）Similar associations He is as sly as a fox. He is foxy. Youve got to watch him.You ass! You stupid ass! How could you do a thing like that?!He doesnt have an idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say.The children were as busy as bees, makin

14、g preparations for the festival.deer are meek and gentle; lambs are lovable; pigs are dirty and greedy; monkeys are naughty, playful; jackals(豺)are greedy, contemptible(卑鄙的); wolves are bloodthirsty and cruel.Different associationsA. 在一類(lèi)文化中提到某些動(dòng)物時(shí)往往可以聯(lián)想到某種特征，而在另一種文化中卻連想不到任何特征?！癆 bull in a china shop

15、”“鶴” 、“龜”Eg. Turtle-neck sweaterB. 有些動(dòng)物在兩種文化中人們會(huì)聯(lián)想到某種特征，但所聯(lián)想的特征卻不同。a. As wise as an owl vs “夜貓子進(jìn)宅” c. Dragon and phoenix vs “龍”“鳳” b. “Dog” in English vs“狗”in Chinese“Dog” in English and 狗in Chinese:Mans best friend, Watchdog Im a lucky dog.（幸運(yùn)兒）Tom is a gay dog.（快樂(lè)的人）Love me, love my dog. （愛(ài)屋及烏）Eve

16、ry dog has his day. Give a dog a had name and hang him.Be as faithful as a dug.狗膽包天 狗急跳墻 狗仗人勢(shì) 狗皮膏藥 狗血噴頭 狗尾續(xù)貂 狗東西 狗腿子 放狗屁 痛打落水狗 狗拿耗子，多管閑事 狗嘴里吐不出象牙 狗改不了吃屎3) Euphemisms Death:go, depart, depart from the world forever, decease, pass away, breathe ones last, go the way of all flesh, pay ones debt to natu

17、re, go to a better world, be in heaven, be with God, etc. 去逝，逝世，故去，病故，壽終，亡故，犧牲，作古，謝世，棄世，與世長(zhǎng)辭，去見(jiàn)馬克思，駕鶴西游，老了shuffle off this mortal coil (Shakespeare)It seemed to him that life was but a trouble, at best, and he more than half envied Jimmy Hodges, so lately released. (The Adventures of Tom Sawyer)Kick

18、 the bucket, be done for翹辮子，完蛋，喪命，斃命，一命嗚呼，嗚呼哀哉Other Euphemistic SubstitutesPlain, heavy set, on the heavy side (referring to men), plump (women), slender, physically handicappedan adult community senior citizen，the mature，seasoned man，the advanced in age Go to the toilet; go to the mens (ladies) roo

19、m, rest room, washroom to wash ones hands, to relieve oneself 4) Taboos some words or expressions are to be avoided because tradition or social custom strongly frowns on their use. Questions unacceptable:How old are you? Whats your age? How much do you make? Whats your income? How much did that dres

20、s cost you? How much did you pay for that car? Are you married or single? How come youre still single? So youre divorced? What was the reason? Couldnt you two get along? Are you a Republican or a Democrat? Why did you vote for? Do you go to church? Whats your religion? Are you Catholic? 5) Kinship t

21、erms and addressing terms 爺爺 奶奶 姥姥 姥爺叔叔 伯伯 舅舅 姨父 姑父 阿姨 姑姑 舅母 嬸嬸 伯母小姨子 小叔子 小舅子 小姑子 大嫂 弟妹 姐夫 妹夫婆婆 公公 岳母 岳父 表兄（弟） 堂兄（弟） 表姐（妹 ） 堂姐（妹）侄子 侄女 外甥 外甥女 連襟 妯娌 .Grandfather (grandmother) uncle auntSister/brother-in-lawMother/father-in-lawCousinNiece/nephew? husbands of sisters/wives of brothers5. Cultural facto

22、rs in learning English vocabulary 詞 匯 缺 省 同 詞 異 義5.1 詞 匯 缺 省 Shall I have white / dark meat? drive-in restaurantsdrive-in banksdrive-in moviesdrive-in libraries 下海，拳頭產(chǎn)品，尾巴工程夏練三伏，冬練三九 three fu and three nine?芝麻醬煮餃子 dumplings being cooked in sesame paste It was packed like sardines. 炕 （a heatable bric

23、kbed） 冰糖葫蘆(candied haws on a stick)Motel Solar Terms 雨水 rain water驚蟄 waking of insects清明 pure and brightness 春分= Spring Equinox; 夏至= Summer Solstice; 秋分= Autumnal Equinox; 冬至= Winter Solstice 陰陽(yáng)，七經(jīng)八脈，氣，寒，上火陰 and 陽(yáng)“two forces through whose essences, according to Taoist cosmology, the universe was pro

24、duced and cosmic harmony is maintained. Yin is dark, female and negative, and Yang is light, male and positive.” “(in Chinese philosophy, medicine, etc.) yin, the feminine or negative principle in nature; yang, the masculine or positive principle in nature.” 5.2 同 詞 異 義 Connotation: “the implication

25、 of a word, apart from its primary meaning.” Longman Modern English Dictionary “the suggesting of a meaning by a word apart from the thing it explicitly names or describes.” Websters New Collective DictionaryLover = 愛(ài)人？Peasant = 農(nóng)民？Materialist = 唯物主義？Idealist = 唯心主義？“She has always been an idealist.

26、 So you can understand why she turned down a good job offer to work among refugee immigrants and low-income groups after she got her degree in social studies.” “Quite frankly, Im a materialist. Ive got a good-paying job and I want to keep it. Ive bought a home near Westlake, and me and my wife want

27、to enjoy the comforts of life. I had a hard time when I was a kid and I dont want to go through all that again.” 政治家 Politician or statesman? Intellectual 知識(shí)分子？Ambitious 野心勃勃？Ambitious and greedy Ambitious and ruthless Poor but ambitious Ambitious and hardworking Individualism 個(gè)人主義的？Privacy 隱私? Priv

28、acy: “秘密”、“隱私”、“私下”、“隱退”、“獨(dú)處”、“不愿別人干涉”、“不愿別人過(guò)問(wèn)” Private business 個(gè)人事務(wù)Private affairs 私事Private concerns 個(gè)人所關(guān)切的事1) Alice: “you promised to tell me your history, you know”Mouse: “mine is a long and sad tale!” said the mouse, turning to Alice, and sighed. “it is a lone tail, certainly,” said Alice, loo

29、king down with wonder at the Mouses tail, “but why do you call it sad?”A. 愛(ài)麗絲:：“我的故事說(shuō)起來(lái)真是又長(zhǎng)又傷心！”耗子：“你的尾巴的確很長(zhǎng)，可是你干嗎說(shuō)它傷心呢？”6.3 Alices Adventures in Wonderland1) Alice: “you promised to tell me your history, you know”Mouse: “mine is a long and sad tale!” said the mouse, turning to Alice, and sighed. “i

30、t is a lone tail, certainly,” said Alice, looking down with wonder at the Mouses tail, “but why do you call it sad?”B. 耗子：“我的身世說(shuō)來(lái)那可真是又長(zhǎng)又苦又委屈呀！”“你這尾是曲呀”，愛(ài)麗絲低下頭，好奇地看著耗子的尾巴：“可是為什么又叫它苦呢？”2) “you are not attending!” said the mouse to Alice, severely. “what are you thinking of?”“I beg your pardon,” said A

31、lice very humbly: “you had got to the fifth bend, I think?”“I had not!” cried the mouse sharply and very angrily.“A knot!” said Alice, always ready to make herself useful, and looking anxiously about her. “oh, do let me help to undo it!”A. “你沒(méi)有用心聽(tīng)！”耗子對(duì)愛(ài)麗絲嚴(yán)厲的說(shuō)，“你在想什么呀？”“請(qǐng)?jiān)?，”?ài)麗絲很恭順地說(shuō)，“我想你是講到第五個(gè)拐彎的地方了

32、吧？”“我還沒(méi)講到！”耗子生氣的尖聲喊道?！按蛄艘粋€(gè)結(jié)！”愛(ài)麗斯說(shuō)，他總是樂(lè)于幫助別人，所以叫記得看看周?chē)??！鞍?，讓我?guī)湍惆阉忾_(kāi)！”2) “you are not attending!” said the mouse to Alice, severely. “what are you thinking of?” “I beg your pardon,” said Alice very humbly: “you had got to the fifth bend, I think?”“I had not!” cried the mouse sharply and very angrily.“A

33、 knot!” said Alice, always ready to make herself useful, and looking anxiously about her. “oh, do let me help to undo it!”B. 那老鼠說(shuō)到這里，對(duì)愛(ài)麗絲很?chē)?yán)厲的說(shuō)道，“你不用心聽(tīng)著，你想到哪兒去啦？”愛(ài)麗絲很謙虛的道，“對(duì)不住，對(duì)不住。你說(shuō)到了第五個(gè)彎彎兒嘞，不是嗎？”那老鼠很兇很怒的道：“我沒(méi)有到！”愛(ài)麗絲道，“你沒(méi)有刀么？讓我給你找一把罷！”（愛(ài)麗斯說(shuō)這四面瞧瞧，因?yàn)樗偸窍矚g幫人家的忙。3)“By the way, what became of the baby?”

34、said the Cat, “Id nearly forgotten to ask.” “It turned into a pig,” Alice answered very quietly“Did you say pig or fig?” said the Cat. “I said pig,” replied AliceA. “順便問(wèn)一下，那個(gè)孩子怎么啦？”貓說(shuō)，“我差點(diǎn)忘記問(wèn)了?！薄八兂韶i啦，”愛(ài)麗絲很平靜的回答道“你剛才說(shuō)的是豬還是無(wú)花果？”貓說(shuō)?！拔艺f(shuō)的是豬！”愛(ài)麗絲答道3) “by the way, what became of the baby?” said the Cat, “

35、Id nearly forgotten to ask.” “It turned into a pig,” Alice answered very quietly“Did you say pig or fig?” said the Cat. “I said pig,” replied AliceB.那貓道：“順便問(wèn)一下，哪個(gè)孩子怎么啦？我都忘了問(wèn)你?！睈?ài)麗絲一點(diǎn)也不詫異，他就平平常常地答道：“它變成了豬?！蹦秦垎?wèn)道：“你剛才說(shuō)豬還是書(shū)？”愛(ài)麗絲答道：“我說(shuō)的是豬.” 7. ExercisesA. Comprehension Check Decide whether the following s

36、tatements are true or false. a. A term in one language may not have a counterpart in another language. b. Violating a cultural taboo is as serious as violating a verl taboo. c. The Chinese phrase “知識(shí)分子” has the same meaning as “intellectual”. B. Euphemism Understandinga. landscape engineerb. sanitat

37、ion engineerc. shoe rebuilderd. soft in the heade. to take things without permissionC. Expression Understanding a. Justice has long arms. b. Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. c. drink like a fish d. tread upon eggse. Spare the rod and spoil the child. f. Where theres smoke theres fire. g. Kill two birds with one stone. h. as timid as hare i. kill the goose that lays the golden egg j. cats paw k. Adams apple D. Group work: Translation 紅糖 紅茶 眼紅 開(kāi)門(mén)紅 紅白喜事清白 白眼 青天 背黑鍋 黃色書(shū)刊A blue MondayA wh