插電的麻醉藥- 電視和美國(guó)家庭（中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課件）

1、Unit FiveTEXT I The Plug-in Drug: TV and the American Family, Part I（插電的麻醉藥 電視和美國(guó)家庭）Teaching aimsUse of quotations as an expository meansCause and effect development in writing.Cultivation of social awareness and critical ability Main and difficult teaching points: relevant information; understandin

2、g the thesis; text organization; text comprehension; language points; the use of quotations pattern in expository writingTime allotment: 9 periodsTeaching Procedures:I. Pre-reading Brainstorming:1.What do you know about “drug” and “drug taking”? How do you understand the title? Drug in one sense is

3、a habit-forming substance one takes for pleasure or excitement. Harmful drugs include tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, opium, etc. The plug-in drug is a term used by the author to refer to TV which works when it is plugged in. TV is compared to a drug because, on the one hand, the American family has form

4、ed the habit of watching TV at leisure time and, on the other hand, TV has undesirable effects on the family.Warming-up questions:1.Do you like watching TV? Are you TV-addicted?2.Do you agree with the author that TV has harmful effects? 3.What roles do you assign to TV?II. Comprehension:1. Main Idea

5、: The domination of television has exerted strong influence on the way of life of many American families, diminishing their daily activities and affecting the sound growth of their children.2. Purpose of writing and Tone: To seriously demonstrate the dangers of the domination of television in Americ

6、an families Background1. About the authorMarie Winn(1936, Prague, Czechoslovakia )Marie Winn, a journalist, author and birdwatcher, is known for her books and articles on the birds of Central Park, for her Wall Street Journal ornithology (scientific study of birds) column, for her critical coverage

7、of television. She is the author of The playground Book, The Sick Book, The Baby Reader, and other books for parents and children. This selection is taken from The Plug-in Drug, published in 1977. In 2002, she added new material to update the study as The Plug-In Drug: Television, Computers, and Fam

8、ily Life, published on the 25th anniversary of the original book.2.The development of TV industryTV broadcasting began in the U.S. in 1941, and in 1946, after World War ended, TV began to grow rapidly .By 1975, almost 127 million sets were in use. By the 1970s almost 100% of all wired homes in the U

9、.S. had at least one TV set. The average American has his set turned on for about 6.5 hours each day. In fact, TV has become the Americans eye and ears on the worldDevelopment of TVblack-and-white television.color television Projection televisions liquid-crystal display (LCD) technology or an array

10、of micro mirrors, also known as a digital light processor (DLP). Handheld televisionManufacturers have also developed very small, portable television sets withscreens that are 7.6 cm (3 in) diagonallyacross. Discussion on TVGroup discussion and presentation in class:Positive effects of TV on familyN

11、egative effects of TV on familyIII. Organization of the textAn outline of the texts organization Early enthusiasm over TV as Para 1-5a wonderful invention Quotation 1-3 from early writers and commentators to show the general view in favour of TV as a new invention Arising concern over too much TV vi

12、ewingPara 6-8 Quotation 4 (para7) to illustrate a popular view which helps to soothe the worrying parents Criticism of TVs negative effects on family life Para 9-14Appeal for better family Quoting from Times to stress the Para 15-end life without TV importance of parent-children communication Three

13、more quotations (pa 10, 12, 13) to criticize how TV dominates family life and diminishes interaction between parents and children.The ordering of the quotations reveals the structure of the text. It also reflects how peoples attitudes towards TV have changed beginning with enthusiastic admiration of

14、 TV as a wonderful invention but ending with strong criticisms of its negative effects on the healthy way of family lifeThe organization of the textA. Opening (Paragraph 1): the introduction of television into American society (cause)B. Positive effects (as claimed in the early years when television

15、 was introduced into the average American family) (Paragraphs 2 5): 1. a wonderful improvement in the change of childrens habits (Paragraphs 2 3) 2. a good means to bring the family together (Paragraphs 4 5)C. Negative effects (as perceived today) (Paragraphs 6 13): 1. too much time devoted by child

16、ren to TV-watching (Paragraphs 6 7) 2. a general lack of communication within peer groups (Paragraph 8) 3. a widening gap in the relations between children and their parents (Paragraphs 9 10) 4. traditional family concept being challenged and culture changed (Paragraphs 11 13)D. Closing (Paragraphs

17、14 - 17): 1. impact on children (Paragraph 14): a drastic change in their life and personality; the process that transforms children into people being hindered 2. impact on family and family life (Paragraphs 15 17): ever-loosening family ties V. Key Points of the TextParagraph 1 that has seen the me

18、dium become so deeply ingrained in American life : TV has become an indispensable part of American life, so much that it cannot be done away withingrained: fixed so firmly and deeply that it is difficult to removeE.g.: an ingrained habit / belief / prejudice/suspicion 固習(xí)（積習(xí)）/深刻信念 / 根深蒂固的偏見/懷疑medium:

19、 a way or means of giving information,expressing ones ideas,or communicating with belief that one should work hard is ingrained in our culture. TV is a medium for giving information as well as for entertainment. In our English classes,English is the medium of instruction.Paragraph 1attain: succeed i

20、n getting something, especially after some effortE.g.: He attained his objectives / hopes after much hard work.A man of attainments (有造詣的人) is one who has accomplished / achieved a great deal.我們的老師不到40歲就取得了正教授資格(WB, pg. 49) Our teacher attained full professorship before he was forty.safe from reposs

21、ession: protected from repossession, that is, a claim / a demand made by the original owner to regain the possession of the television set has attained the rank of a legal necessity, safe from repossession in case of debt.The television set has by law been placed in the class of goods which are nece

22、ssary to life. Thats to say, the TV set has become so important in life of a family that its possession is guaranteed by law. Even when a person is in debt, it cannot be taken away from him by whomever he owes a debt.sufficient perspective: enough overview, enough comprehensive point of view a curio

23、us myopia afflicted those early observersmyopia:1）shortsightedness 2) inability to look into the futureafflict: cause to suffer in the body or mind; trouble使疼痛、苦惱、煩惱E.g.: John is afflicted with a chronic headache. Environmental pollution is afflicting many cities and towns all over the world. (WB. p

24、age 50)He felt quite afflicted at (by) the bad news.A nightmare afflicts me from time to time.a curious myopia afflicted those early observers: a strange shortsightedness troubled those early observerswondrous: This is a formal or literary word. Wonderful is the more usual word.Why does Winn accuse

25、the early observers of myopia?The early observers only saw the favorable effects of TV and none of them was sufficiently far-sighted to predict the negative effects of TV in the future. That is why they are accused of myopia, i. e. , short-sightedness.Paragraph 2asset: the property of a person, comp

26、any, etc., especially that has value and that may be sold to pay a debt 資產(chǎn)；有用的東西E.g.: a statement of assets and liabilities 資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表 He is a national asset. 他是國(guó)寶。 Wit is his chief asset. 機(jī)智是他的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 Good health is a great asset.Paragraph 5invariably : always, without exceptionE.g. 電視上的卡通片一直是孩子們的最愛.Carto

27、ons on TV remain invariably childrens favorite.他總是遲到.He is invariably late for school.Paragraph 5perch: 1) (of a bird) to come to rest from flying （鳥）飛落，暫棲E.g.:麻雀在樹枝上憩息了一會(huì)兒。The sparrow perched on the branch for a moment or two. 2) (of a person) sit, esp. on sth high or narrow perch on high stools at

28、 the barMore than 2000 spectators sat on wooden benches or squatted on the grass, perched on the tops of parked cars or gawked from windows.take in: to notice or see (something) fully 注意到；用敏銳的目光看；看出E.g.:她的眼睛只盯著 機(jī)，其他一律視而不見。Her eyes were taking in nothing but the telephone. 他一眼看出情況不對(duì)，決定馬上離開。He took in

29、 what was happening and decided to get away quickly.soothe使(某人,其神經(jīng),其情緒)平靜, 安慰, 使(痛苦,疼痛)緩和或減輕reassure使.安心, 再保證, 使.恢復(fù)信心, 打消.的疑慮 advent:coming or arrival of something importantStint:stretch, a period of time which you spend doing a particular job or activity or working in a particular place. EG: I had

30、first met her during my stint in Washington.I arrived at the university for a three month stint as a lecturer.Regiment: very strictly controlled,used showing disapproval:the regimented lifestyle of the industrial world.Spontaneous: unplanned,not prearranged.On the spur of the moment: on a sudden imp

31、ulse.She gave a clever answer to the tricky question .Mediating: acting as a go-between concerning the needs of both the adults and children,act as a peacemaker.amiss:錯(cuò)誤地, 有缺陷地, 不恰當(dāng)?shù)? 歪, 偏 有故障, 有問題 speak amiss 說得不恰當(dāng) Everything goes amiss with him, he has certainly bad luck. 他事事不如意, 運(yùn)氣真不好。Shunt:shunt

32、 sb. from a first class hotel to a third class lodging.Conjure up memories: bring memories into mindAt the alumni meeting校友會(huì),everyone present conjured up scenes at school in the past.fabric: 構(gòu)造,織物: Many materials formed the fabric of his character.Render(fml):cause sth. toHe hoped his savings would

33、be a backlog against unemployment. a backlog of work(mail,criminal cases)Difficult sentencesA quarter of a century and ordinary part of daily life. the structure: main clause: television viewing has become an inevitable and ordinary part of daily life. adverbial phrase: a quarter of a century after

34、the introduction of television into American society apposition: a period that has been seen the medium and the likeComprehension questionsCan you infer from the first sentence when television was first introduced into American society? A quarter of a century after the introduction of TV: In the ear

35、ly 50s, if we take 1977, the date of the publication of Winns book The Plug-In Drug, as the basis of inference. Many reference books give an earlier date, though, as is shown in note 1 public TV broadcasting began in the US in 1941, and in 1946 after World War II ended. Difficult sentencesa period t

36、hat has seen the medium become so deeply ingrained in American life that in at least one state the television set has attained the rank of a legal necessity, safe from repossession in case of debt along with clothes, cooling utensils, and the like. The TV set has become so important in the life of a

37、 family that its possession is guaranteed by law. Even when a person is in debt, it cannot be taken away from him by whomever he owes a debt as clothes, cooking utensils, and the like. Difficult sentencesseparate the activity of watching television from the actual content it offers the viewer People

38、 at that time didnt realize the effects that TV would exert on its viewer. Watching TV was just considered as an activity of sitting before the screen. Nothing was taken into account as to what they were watching, e.g. whether there was too much violence or sex shown on the screen, which would bring

39、 about more juvenile delinquency in the country. Small attention was given to the influences of TV programs. Comprehension questionsWhy does Winn accuse the early observers of myopia? The early observers only saw the favorable effects of TV (favorable, beneficial, wondrous) and none of them was suff

40、iciently far-sighted to predict the negative effects of TV in the future. Thats why they are accused of myopia, i.e., short-sightedness. Difficult sentencesIt deeply influences that pattern of influences that is meant to ameliorate its effects. that “pattern of influences”: as shown in lines 35-36,

41、i.e. positive influences on the home, the peer group, the school, the church, and culture TV exerts great negative effects on the home, the peer group, the school, the church, and culture.Difficult sentencesThe peer group has become television-oriented, and much of the time children spend together i

42、s occupied by television viewing. Children have become television addicts, devoting much of the time when they are together to watching TV. Comprehension questionsProvide examples to illustrate Culture generally has been transformed by television. Spring Festival Gala, etc.Difficult sentencesIt is i

43、mproper to assign to television the subsidiary role its many apologists辯護(hù)者, 辯證者, 護(hù)教論者(too often members of the television industry) insist it play. The television producers (= members of the television industry ) think the role that TV plays is subsidiary, not the most important role, so they apolog

44、ize. By saying so, they actually deny the great ill-effects of TV on people. What they acknowledge and insist is that TV is only of minor importance in influencing childrens lives. All the manufacturers claim the high benefits to the consumers besides the high quality of their products other than th

45、e harms and negative effects. Difficult sentencesTelevision is not merely one of a number of important influences upon todays child. Through the changes it has made in family life, television emerges as the important influence in childrens lives today.Television is not simply just one among many imp

46、ortant factors that may influence a child today. Television has brought about great changes in family life, playing the dominant role in shaping the lives of children today. To put it simple, television does not only exert great influences on todays child, but also their lives since it influences th

47、e family life.Comprehension questionsHow do you interpret the seemingly paradoxical statement “While it has, indeed, kept the members of the family from dispersing, it has not served to bring them together”? The TV helps to keep all the family members in the house in a physical sense. But they are n

48、ot really doing things together. Instead, they watch their own favorite programs with little interaction between them. In this sense the TV undermines the relationships between family members.Difficult sentencesThe television set casts its magic spell, freezing speech and action, turning the living

49、into silent statues so long as the enchantment lasts. Once TV set is plugged in, it functions as a magician, freezing the speech and action, keeping the viewer stationery before the screen until Good-bye is shown. Or, the television has its magic power over people. As soon as the television is on, p

50、eople stop talking and doing anything else, growing to be lifeless statues before the TV screen. They will remain so till the end of the program.(exaggeration)Difficult sentencesThe primary danger lies not so much in the behavior it produces as in the behavior it prevents through which much of the c

51、hilds learning takes place and through which his character is formed. What is the behavior that TV screen produces? What is the behavior that TV screen prevents? Which is more dangerous, the behavior TV screen produces or the behavior it prevents? Why? Watching TV is itself dangerous, but what is mo

52、re dangerous is that it prevents the talks, the games, the family festivities and arguments. Children can learn a lot from all these activities, and they form their character to some extent in the process of these activities.Difficult sentencesTurning on the television set can turn off the process that transforms children into people. The moment a child sits down to watch television is the moment his growth towards maturity is suspended. i.e. Watching TV all the time prevents a child from growing in