高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修二 Unit 2 突破語(yǔ)法大沖關(guān)

1、 7/7名詞性從句觀察例句1What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.2Its important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life.3That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.4Her tutor explained that she was supposed to read

2、lots of information to help form a wise opinion of her own.5He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.6The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.歸納用法1以上所有例句皆為主從復(fù)合句，句中用了相當(dāng)于名詞作用的從句(即名詞性從句)在句中充當(dāng)成分。2例句1為what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。例句2中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。3例句3為why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。4

3、例句4為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例句5中it為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)為后面that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。5例句6為that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的句子。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。一、名詞性從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞有三個(gè)連詞、五個(gè)連接代詞、四個(gè)連接副詞。連接詞詞形詞義在從句中所作的成分連詞thatif/whether是否連接代詞who(ever)(無(wú)論)誰(shuí)(主格)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whom(ever)(無(wú)論)誰(shuí)(賓格)表語(yǔ)、

4、賓語(yǔ)whose(ever)(無(wú)論)誰(shuí)的(所有格)定語(yǔ)what(ever)(無(wú)論)什么主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)which(ever)(無(wú)論)哪個(gè)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)連接副詞when(ever)(無(wú)論)什么時(shí)候狀語(yǔ)where(ever)(無(wú)論)在哪里狀語(yǔ)how(ever)(無(wú)論)怎樣，怎么狀語(yǔ)why為什么狀語(yǔ)二、主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句是指在句中作主語(yǔ)的從句，位置與陳述句的主語(yǔ)相同。What is not to our satisfaction is that the price of the meal is a little too high.我們不滿意的是飯菜的價(jià)格稍微有點(diǎn)高。How the book wi

5、ll sell depends on its author.這本書如何銷售取決于作者本人。Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.我們?cè)谀膬洪_會(huì)都無(wú)所謂。1that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，僅起連接作用，但不可省略。That you will win the medal seems unlikely.你想獲得獎(jiǎng)牌看起來是不可能的。2whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句只能放在句尾，前面需要用it作形式主語(yǔ)。Whether the sports meeting will be hel

6、d is not certain now.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否將舉行現(xiàn)在不能確定。Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time.這項(xiàng)工作能否按時(shí)完成還不確定。3若主語(yǔ)部分結(jié)構(gòu)較長(zhǎng)，可以使用形式主語(yǔ)it，把真正的主語(yǔ)從句放于后面。It is announced that our school is going to start an activity of “Crazy English” before daily mornin

7、g exercises.學(xué)校通知每日早操前將開展“瘋狂英語(yǔ)”活動(dòng)。It is necessary that people should learn to face the reality.人們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)是有必要的。即學(xué)即練1單句語(yǔ)法填空It is certain that she will do well in her exam.How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.It is reported that a new film will be put on in the cinema.三、賓語(yǔ)從句在主從復(fù)合句

8、中作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句在句中可以作及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或一些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。Everyone knows that the earth is made up of matter.每個(gè)人都知道地球是由物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的。I doubt whether he will be elected as chairman.我懷疑他是否會(huì)當(dāng)選為主席。These two areas are similar in that they both have high rainfall in summer.這兩個(gè)地區(qū)相似，因?yàn)樵谙奶旖邓己芏唷m not certain whether the train will a

9、rrive on time.我不確信火車是否將會(huì)按時(shí)到達(dá)。1that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，既無(wú)語(yǔ)法功能，也無(wú)詞匯意義，常被省略。但多個(gè)并列從句出現(xiàn)時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可以省略，其他的不能省略。She said (that) she would come here and that I should wait for her till Monday.她說她將會(huì)來這兒并讓我等到星期一。2if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用 whether。在whether.or not 的固定搭配中，只用 whether。在介詞后，只能用whether。作 discuss 的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用 whe

10、ther。賓語(yǔ)從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，只能用 whether。3帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子后面，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。4表示喜歡、憎惡等心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞后習(xí)慣上先加個(gè)形式賓語(yǔ)it，再接賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：hate，dislike，love，dont mind，feel like，appreciate，rely on，count on，see to等。We think it possible that you can finish the work today.我們認(rèn)為你今天能夠完成這項(xiàng)工作。5賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移：think，believe，suppose，i

11、magine等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。I dont think we need to waste much time on it.我想我們不必在這上面浪費(fèi)太多時(shí)間。(形式上否定)即學(xué)即練2單句語(yǔ)法填空I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.I want to be liked and loved

12、 for what I am inside.四、表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)，出現(xiàn)在連系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)從句”?？山颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be，look，remain，seem等。The question is whether we can finish the work in time.問題在于我們是否能及時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。1that在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)無(wú)詞義，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，僅起連接作用，不可以省略。The fact remains that we are still not advanced enough.事實(shí)依然是我們還是不夠先進(jìn)。2whether可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從

13、句，但if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.他的首要問題是湯姆是否已經(jīng)到達(dá)。3引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞還可用because，as if，as though，as。The sky is overcast with dark clouds.It seems as if it is going to rain soon.天空烏云密布，似乎很快就要下雨了。即學(xué)即練3單句語(yǔ)法填空The problem is who/whom we can get to replace her.Im afraid hes more

14、of a talker than a doer，which is why he never finishes anything.The system works well in the lab，but the question is whether it will work in reality.五、同位語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。它一般跟在某個(gè)名詞后面，用來說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容。常見的這類名詞有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，promise，order，problem，belief，word，m

15、essage，information，proof，announcement，desire，doubt，proposal，advice，possibility等。The news that he was admitted to Peking 他被北京大學(xué)錄取了的消息真是令人激動(dòng)。The question who should do the work requires consideration.誰(shuí)應(yīng)當(dāng)做這份工作，這個(gè)問題需要考慮。I have no idea that you have applied for the post.我不知道你已經(jīng)申請(qǐng)了這個(gè)職位。名師點(diǎn)津同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別同位

16、語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句功能不同對(duì)名詞加以補(bǔ)充說明與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，起連接作用that不作成分，只起連接作用，不可省略作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，起連接作用；并且作從句的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略whether/how/what起連接作用，其中whether不作成分，而how和what作成分不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句其他wh類詞作成分；起連接作用；有自己的含義，但與先行詞無(wú)關(guān)作成分；起連接作用；沒有自己的含義，但是代替先行詞在從句中作成分Jim got to know the news that the whole village was in great danger.吉姆得知整個(gè)村子都處在極度危險(xiǎn)中的消息。(that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)

17、從句，解釋說明the news的內(nèi)容)Do you know the news(that/which)Jim told me?你知道吉姆告訴我的那個(gè)消息嗎？(that/which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作賓語(yǔ))即學(xué)即練4將下列句子合并為同位語(yǔ)從句Will the sports meeting be held on time？The question will be discussed tomorrow.The question whether the sports meeting will be held on time will be discussed tomorrow.The headm

18、aster will join us in hiking this Sunday.We are glad at the news.We are glad at the news that the headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday.A new teacher will teach us English next term.The message reached me yesterday.The message that a new teacher will teach us English next term reached me yes

19、terday.單句語(yǔ)法填空1There is no doubt that he will succeed in time.2We cant solve the problem how we can travel faster than light.3Pick yourself up.Courage is doing what youre afraid to do.4Upon graduation he asked to be sent to where he was most needed.5It is reported that the government is going to clos

20、e the factory. 6What surprises me most is that he is too vain.7That Mike didnt turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy.8You may depend on it that I shall always help you.9The problem is whether we can get in touch with her.10The message whose responsibility it was is known to all.完成句子1我已經(jīng)讀了這個(gè)通知，