醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞根詞頭

1、cardiacadj.心的cardiomyopathyn.心肌病cardiovascularadj.心血管的cardiologyn.芥蒂學(xué)myocarditisn.心肌炎electrocardiogramn.心人體部位EnglishLatin(拉丁靜脈veinveno-胸chestpecto-腹bellyabdomino-脊柱backbonespino-spondylo-braincerebro-encephalo-headcapito-心heartcordi-手handmano-/manu-cheiro-)Greekphlebo-thoraco-ventro-cephalo-cardio-（

2、希臘）血管vesselvaso-1.adren/o:adrenalgland(上腺)adrenal-al,pertainingto,上腺的adrenaline-lin/line,substance,上腺素adrenalitis-itis,inflammation,上腺素的2.ar:pertainingto與相關(guān)的vascularvascul/o,bloodvessel.血管的cellular胞的Molecular分子的，由分子成的3.bi/o:life生命，生物Biomedical生物化學(xué)的biology-logy,thestudyof,生物，生物學(xué)biophysical生物物理學(xué)4.chro

3、m/o,chromomat:color色chromosomes-somes,bodies,染色體chromatin-in,substance,核染色5.crin/o:secrete分泌endocrinology內(nèi)分泌學(xué)crinogenicgen/o+ic,pertainingtotheproduction,crinology分泌學(xué)6.cyte:cell胞angio-促分泌的erythrocyteerythr/o,red,leukocyteleuk/o,white,lymphocytelymph/o,lymph(7.cyt/:cell胞cytology胞學(xué)cytochemistry胞化學(xué)cyto

4、biology胞生物學(xué)8.embry/o:embryo(胚胎)胞白胞淋巴)淋巴胞-embryology胚胎學(xué)embryoma-oma,tumor胚瘤embryopathology胚胎病理學(xué)pathology,thestudyofdisease,病理學(xué)9.endo-:inner內(nèi)部的endocrinology內(nèi)分泌學(xué)endocardinal心內(nèi)膜的endocellular胞內(nèi)的10.hist/o:tissuehistology學(xué)Histopathology病理學(xué)histotherapy法hepat/o,liver肝hepatitis,theinflammationofliver肝炎vs.endo

5、/crino/logygastr/o,stomach胃enter/o,intestinegastr/o/enter/o/logy胃病學(xué)（1）.炎:theinflammationof/-itishepatitis肝炎;hepat/o:liver肝arteritis脈炎;arter/o:artery脈vasculitis血管炎;vascul/o:vas/o:vessel血管nephritis炎;nephr/o:kidneypancreatitis胰腺炎;pancreat/o:pancreas胰腺ovaritis;oophoritis卵巢炎;pleuritis胸膜炎;pleur/o:pleura胸膜

6、（2）.operationof.合:-orraphyaneurysmorraphy(suture);脈瘤aneurysm:脈瘤切除:ectomy:removalpharyngectomy咽切除appendectomy:尾切除append/o:appendic/o:appendix尾固定:-pexy:fixingrectopexy直固定rect/o:rectum直肌3）方向/方面的上：upper/superior;epi-;supra-epithelium上皮；下：lower/inferior;infra-;sub-subcutaneous皮下的；cutane/o:skin前：front/ant

7、erior/prior/fore-;ante-;pre-;antero-forehead前；anteroposterior前后的2-precirrhosis先期肝硬化；cirrh/o:orange硬變后：back/posterior/post-;retro-postheptical肝后的；heptic/o:liver;retrocardiac心后的；cardi/o:heart內(nèi)：inner/internal/in-;endo-;ento-;entro-;intro-;inhale,inhalation吸入endoscopy內(nèi)窺鏡檢；-scopy：visualexam外：outer/extern

8、al/ex-;exo-;ultra-；extra-；extract抽出；exhale呼出excretion排泄物；exocardial心外的間：inter-;between;intermuscular肌肉間的；常有藥物詞綴：-cillin青霉素類(lèi)藥物阿莫西林(羥氨芐青霉素)amoxicillin片劑、膠囊劑氨芐西林鈉(氨芐青霉素)ampicillinsodium注射劑羧芐青霉素鈉carbencillin雙氯青霉素dicloxacillinCef-頭孢類(lèi)藥物頭孢氨芐cefalexin頭孢羥氨芐cefadroxil頭孢克洛Cefaclor頭孢吡肟Cefepime頭孢丙烯Cefprozil頭孢拉定c

9、ephradine1.a-,an-not/withoutasymptomaticanemia(-emia,blood)amorphous2.ana-apart分別anatomyanalysis(-lysis,separation/breakdown)analyst(-yst=ist,specialist)3.angio-vessels血管angiogram(-gram,record)angioplasty(-plasty,surgicalrepair)angitis(-itis,inflammation)4.anti-against反對(duì)antibody(body,substance)antig

10、en(asubstance,)5.-arypertainingtopulmonary(pulm/o,thelungs)urinary(urin/o,urine)de-lackof/down/lossdeficiencydegenerationdeoxyribonucleic7.dia-complete,crossthroughdiagnosis(gnos/o,knowlege)dialysisdiameter(-meter,instrumentofmeasurement)3-8.electr/oelectricityelectrocardiograph(-graph,aninstrumento

11、frecording)electromyogram(my/o,muscle;-gram,record)electroencephalogram(encephal/o,brain)9.en-in,withinendemic(dem/o,people),encloseengulf10.gnos/oknowledgeagnosticPrognosis常的醫(yī)學(xué)英1）痛headache,stomachache.thepainof;ache,-algia;-agra;-dynianeuralgia神痛;neur/o:nerve（神）;gastralgia胃痛;gastr/o:gaster,stomach(

12、胃)arthralgia關(guān)痛;arthr/o:joint(關(guān))abdominalgia腹痛;abdomin/o:abdomen（腹部）（2）.與相關(guān)的：-scopy法;-scope；gastroscopy胃法；量具：-meter:instrumentformeasuring（量）；cardiometer心力；thermometer溫度心：electrocardiogram=ECG;(electrocardiograph心):electroencephalogram=EEGB超:typeBultrasonicCT：computerizedtomography算機(jī)x射斷尿：urineanalysi

13、s血常：bloodroutine（3）其余怕，恐懼phobia:fear；photophobia畏光,phot/o:light困dys-：bad,difficultydysfunction功能阻礙;dyspepsia消化不良dyspnea呼吸困,-pnea：breathing不良mal-：badmalnutrition養(yǎng)不良；malpractice事故malfunction機(jī)能障；malignant性的；maladministration管理不善好，正，eu-：good；eugenic生的adj.4-eugenics優(yōu)生學(xué);gen/o:producing（生產(chǎn)）euthanasia安樂(lè)死;-t

14、hanasia:death（死）瘤，腫塊oma:tumor;cancer;swellinglymphoma淋巴瘤；hematoma血腫血癥emia：bloodconditionleukemia白血??；septicemia敗血癥高：hyper-：high，above;hyperdynamia:肌力過(guò)分;(dynam/o:power,force:dynamicadj.)hypertension高血壓（highbloodpressure）低：hypo-;low;belowhypotonia張力/壓力過(guò)低hypotension（lowbloodpressure）低血壓hyposensitiveadj.

15、弱敏的療法：-therapyradiotherapy放療;radiotherapist(放療專(zhuān)家)chemotherapy化療physiotherapy理療psychotherapy心理療法therapist治療師無(wú)，沒(méi)有a-an-:withoutatypical非典型性的asexual無(wú)性的asymptomatic無(wú)癥狀的anemia貧血anorexia厭食癥orex/o:appetiteanesthesia麻醉(感覺(jué)缺失:esthesi/o:feeling,perception)elasticityn.彈性，彈力feebleadj.虛弱的，虛弱的，無(wú)力的sagvi.廢弛sensoryadj

16、.感官的，感覺(jué)的，知覺(jué)的squeezev.擠；榨；捏staminan.精力；耐力，韌勁tautadj.緊的，繃緊的Transitoryadj.短暫的，片刻即逝的5-wreakvt.實(shí)行（暴力）；發(fā)（性情）；報(bào)仇wrinkledadj.有皺紋的前綴意思例子定義的例子olig/ofew,scantyoligomenorrheaascantymenstrualflow(men/o)經(jīng)量異樣pan-allpanacearemedythatcuresallills;acure-all治百病的藥super-*above,excesssupernumeraryinexcessnumber超出數(shù)目equi-e

17、qual,sameequilateralhavingequalsides等邊的，等面的hetero-other,different,heterosexualpertainingtotheoppositesex異性戀的；homo-,same,maintainingaconstantbodytemperaturehomeo-unchanginghomothermic保持一個(gè)恒定的體溫;warmblooded恒溫的iso-equal,sameisograftgraftbetweentwogeneticallyidenticalindividuals同基因移植物macro-large,macrocyt

18、eextremelylargeredbloodcell大紅細(xì)胞abnormallylargemega-,*large;megaloabnormallylargemegabladderenlargementofthebladder膀胱擴(kuò)充micro-smallmicroscopicextremelysmall;visibleonlythroughamicroscope顯微鏡的neo-newneonateanewborninfant重生兒哺乳物normonormalnormovolemianormalbloodvolume血量正常orthostraight,correct,orthoticCorr

19、ectingorprevcntingdeformities改正的uprightpoikilo-varied（雜色的）;poikiloderma皮膚異色病irregularpseudo-falsepseudoplegiafalseparalysis(suffix-plegia)假麻痹，假癱re-again;backregurgitationbackwardorreturnflow,asofbloodorstomachcontents回流；反芻dextr/orightdextrocardialocationoftheheart(cardi/o)inth右位心erightsideofthechest

20、6-sinistr/oleftsinistradtowardtheleft向左ecto-out;outsideectodermoutermostlayerofthedevelopingec-,embryo外胚層ex/oawayfrom;outsideexcisetocutout切除，刪去end/o-in;withinendoscopedeviceforviewingtheinsideofacavityororgan內(nèi)窺鏡mes/omiddlemesencephalonmidbrain中腦syn-,togethersynapseajunctionbetweentwonervecells(神sym

21、-經(jīng)元的)突觸tel/e-,endtelangionaterminalvessel(rootangi/o)tel/o-終動(dòng)脈與疾病和疾患相關(guān)的前（后）綴病patho-?Pathogen（病原體）/pathology（病理學(xué)）/pathogenesis(發(fā)病機(jī)理/發(fā)病原)療法-pathy,-pathic?neuropathy精神病變/nephropathy（腎病）/adrenopathy（腎上腺?。┎B(tài)osis,-otic?neurosis(神經(jīng)癥；神經(jīng)虛弱癥)/tuberculosis（肺結(jié)核）/schistosomiasis(血吸蟲(chóng)病)增加leukocytosis/granulocytosi

22、s(粒細(xì)胞增加)減少penia,-penic?leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia（紅細(xì)胞減少）/granulocytopenia（粒細(xì)胞減少）小/微-let?droplet（小滴）/platelet（血小板）/leaflet（小葉）復(fù)合/多poly-?polyuria（多尿癥）/polymer聚合物/polyopia視物顯多癥全/泛pan-pancolectomy全結(jié)腸切除術(shù)/panmyelosis全骨髓增生/pandemic全國(guó)流行的（疾?。┫喾磀is-?disease（疾病，不健康）/disorder（失調(diào)）/disability（不健全，殘疾）困難/阻礙dys

23、-?dysfunction（功能雜亂）/dyspepsia消化不良；胃弱/dyspnea（呼吸困難）不良mal-?malfunction（故障，失靈）/malnutrition（營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良）/malpractice（玩忽職責(zé)，7-不良行為）炎癥-itis?appendicitis（闌尾炎）/bronchitis（支氣管炎）/arthritis（關(guān)節(jié)炎）/塊-oma?lymphoma（淋巴瘤）/adenoma腺瘤/hematoma血腫血癥-emialeukemia白血病/septicemia敗血病/bacteremia菌血癥痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-?analgesi

24、a止痛；無(wú)痛法/hypoalgesia痛覺(jué)減退/algometer痛覺(jué)測(cè)試計(jì)麻木-plegia?hemiplegia（偏癱）/pamplegia（全癱）/myoplegia（肌癱瘓）流出rrhea?Diarrhea（腹瀉）/hypermenorrhea（月經(jīng)過(guò)多）/rhinorrhea（流鼻涕）壞死necrosis，necro-/necr-?hepatonecrosis（肝壞死）/myonecrosis（肌壞死）/necrospermia（死精癥）結(jié)石litho-/-lith?lithiasis結(jié)石病/lithogenesis（結(jié)石形成）/cholelithes膽結(jié)石與方向相關(guān)的前綴upper

25、/superior:epi-/supra-?epidemic（流行?。?epithelium（上皮細(xì)胞）/supracostal(肋上的；肋外的)lower/inferior:infra-/sub-?infracostal肋骨下的/subclavicular(鎖骨下的)/subcutaneous（皮下的）front/anterior/prior:fore-/ante-/pre-?Forehead前額/anteroposterior前后的/precirrhosis（先期肝硬變）back/posterior:post-/retro-?Posthepatic肝后的/postprandial餐后的/r

26、etrocardiac心臟后的inner/internal:in-/endo-/ento-?Inhalation吸入/endoscopy內(nèi)窺鏡檢查/entocranial【解剖學(xué)】顱內(nèi)的outer/external:ex-/exo-extract拿出/excretion（排泄，分泌物）between:inter-Intermuscular（肌間的）/intercostal（肋間部分）/副onthesideof:para-Parathyroid（甲狀旁腺的）/paraprotein（病變蛋白，副蛋白）/pararenal腎旁的,圍around:peri-?Perioperative（圍手術(shù)期的）

27、/pericarditis心包炎/peritoneum腹膜中心central:centri-/centra-/centro-8-centrifugation離心分別/centralize集中地/centronucleus中心核/opposite:counter-/contra-Counterpart（副本）/countershock抗休克/contraindication禁忌癥注：invivo/invaivou/活體內(nèi);invitro/invaitrou/活體外或管內(nèi)；insitu/insaitju:/原位4.與外科手相關(guān)?切除:-ectomyAppendectomy尾切除/gastrecto

28、my胃切除/splenectomy脾切除切開(kāi):-tomyTracheotomy氣管切開(kāi)/hysterotomy子切開(kāi)/craniotomy穿；骨切開(kāi)切（割）:-tome?tracheotome氣管切開(kāi)刀/thoracotome開(kāi)胸刀符合stomy?gastroesophagostomy胃食管符合成形-plasty?Tracheoplasty氣管成形/osteoplasty外科骨成形/myoplasty（肌成形）造影:-graphy?Angiography血管造影/nephrography造影/phlebography（靜脈造影）:trans-?Transabdominal腹的/translat

29、eral兩的/transurethral（尿道的）注：-graphy方法，如：electrocardigraphy心；graph器，如：electrocardigraph心計(jì)；gram象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心醫(yī)學(xué)英中的常用-phasia某種言的speech演heterophasia異癥uttering成心供給或造文件罪wordsthataredifferentfromthoseintended異癥，癥-lalia含糊不清的speech,babblecoprolalia癥compulsiveuseofobscenewords(copromeans“feces”)癥-lexia苛性液葡萄干readingdyslexia寫(xiě)困difficultyinreading