高中英語五大句型市公開課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、高中英語五大基本句型第1頁一、句子成份：定義 ：組成句子各個(gè)部分叫做句子成份。主要成份：主語和謂語其它成份：賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語（賓補(bǔ)）、表語、同位語。第2頁I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主語謂語定語賓語同位語狀語第3頁主語（subject）：句子說明人或事物 。Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect t

2、he old.What he has said is true.第4頁找出句中主語The sun rises in the east.（名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history. （數(shù)詞） Seeing is believing. （動(dòng)名詞） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主語，主

3、語從句是真正主語）第5頁謂語：說明主語動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。簡單謂語: 由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成：I saw the flag on the top of the hill.He looked after two orphans.復(fù)合謂語: 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞;He can speak English well.He has caught a bad cold.She doesnt seem to like dancing.The little girl is drawing a picture. 第6頁（三）賓語動(dòng)作對象或承受者及物動(dòng)詞或介詞賓語賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物,間接賓

4、語指人.He gave me some books. 間接賓語 直接賓語第7頁P(yáng)lease pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.I like my job.I love you.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.第8頁（四）定語修飾或限制名詞或代詞詞、詞組或從句 He is a clever boy.There are 67students in our class.Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleep

5、ing pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.第9頁（五）狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征句子成份.I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.第10頁I waited to see you

6、.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.第11頁（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語有些及物動(dòng)詞除了有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明賓語身份和狀態(tài)以補(bǔ)充其意義不足，使句子意義完整。這類慣用及物動(dòng)詞有 make, consider

7、, see, find, call, get, have, let. I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.第12頁（七）表語系動(dòng)詞之后成份，表示主語性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征.常見系動(dòng)詞有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel, smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get, grow,come, go等。 系動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài).The apple tastes sweet.Th

8、at sounds good.第13頁The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.Who was the first?The book is what I need.第14頁（八）同位語 位于名詞或代詞后面，說明它們性質(zhì)和情況. We young people should respect the old.名詞He himself will do the experiment.代詞He told me the news that our team won the

9、game.從句He told me the news that I am interested in.從句第15頁句子成份練一練：1.Class begins at eight.2.The kind teachers are having a meeting.3.This is the student who was absent yesterday.4.Put up your hand if you have any questions.5.Smoking does harm to your health.6.There is a pen on the desk.第16頁7.Who teac

10、hes your maths, Xiao Hua?8.This story happened in London.9.The rich should help the poor get jobs.10.This weekend, some of us are going to have a wonderful picnic with the teacher.第17頁寫一寫：1.我父母都是教師。My parents are both teachers.2.他今天看起來不開心。He looks unhappy today.3.幫助窮人是必須。It is necessary to help the

11、poor.4.這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在北京。The story happened in Beijing.5.我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。We students should study hard.第18頁二、簡單句五種基本句型： 英語句子有長在短，有簡有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實(shí)質(zhì)看，能夠發(fā)覺其內(nèi)在聯(lián)絡(luò)，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)能夠歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)。英語五種基本句型列式以下： 基本句型一： + （主謂） 基本句型二： +link- + （主系表） 基本句型三： + + （主謂賓） 基本句型四： + +IO +

12、（主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五： + + +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）第19頁基本句型一： +（主謂）本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+不及物動(dòng)詞組成, 慣用來表示主語動(dòng)作。例：The sun rises. Tom has already left.主語可有修飾語-定語，謂語可有修飾語-狀語。The red sun rises in the east.Tom left yesterday.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake.第20頁基本句型二： +link- +（主系表）本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語組成，主要用以說明主語特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動(dòng)詞有:1.表示特征

13、和存在狀態(tài) be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù) remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示狀態(tài)改變 become, get, turn, go, fall, come, grow;第21頁Link-（系動(dòng)詞）(表語)1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smellsfelt looks is is becameturned an Engl

14、ish dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warm. red. 第22頁 基本句型 三 + +（主謂賓）此句型句子共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都含有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生動(dòng)作，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。第23頁（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）(賓語) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 8. He knows laugh at cooks made ate likes want said the answer? her. mea

15、l everyday. cakes. some apples. English very much.to have a cup of tea. Good morning. 第24頁基本句型四: + +IO +（主謂間賓直賓）說明：此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語+及物謂語動(dòng)詞+間接賓語（人） +直接賓語（事物）”組成。例：My mother bought me a birthday gift. He gave me a story book.但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for. My mother bought a birthday gift for me. He ga

16、ve a story book to me.用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。第25頁常跟雙賓語動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to）bring, give, lend, hand, pass(遞、傳）, offer, send, take, teach, tell, write, ask, show等；（需借助for ） bring, buy, cook, choose, find, get, make, sing等。第26頁271Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。 2奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣故事。 3請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 4他把車票給

17、列車員看。 Mr. Johnson taught us Germanlast year.Grandma told me an interesting storylast night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.第27頁基本句型 五: + + +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）此句型句子共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞即使是及物動(dòng)詞，不過只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表示完整意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成份來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語有邏輯主謂關(guān)系，若無賓語補(bǔ)足語句意不完整，能夠用作賓補(bǔ)有名詞，形容詞，副

18、詞，介詞短語，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞.The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.第28頁（及物）（賓語）（賓補(bǔ)）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house