英語句子成分和句型市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

1、What is a sentence made up of?第1頁主語(Subject)謂語(Predicate)賓語(Object)表語(Predicative)定語(Attributive)狀語(Adverbial)補(bǔ)語(Complement)同位語(Apposition)第2頁I saw that girl singing along the river just now.主語謂語定語賓語補(bǔ)語狀語an example第3頁一、主語（subject）：主語是句子主體，說明句子講是誰或者什么情況?？勺髦髡Z有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞性或名詞化詞、詞組或短語（如動詞不定式、動名詞、從句等）。如：

2、第4頁All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。 Its never too late to learn. 亡羊補(bǔ)牢，為時(shí)未晚。We like our school very much. 我們很喜歡我們學(xué)校?！癟he” is an article. The 是個(gè)冠詞。Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.早睡早起，使人富有、聰明、健康。How to do it well is an important question. 怎樣把它做好是一個(gè)主要問題。主語第5頁2. 謂語

3、謂語用來說明主語動作、行為、特征或狀態(tài)，普通由動詞或動詞短語負(fù)擔(dān)。謂語動詞含有各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及語氣改變。動詞常分為實(shí)義動詞，系動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞.第6頁(1) 動詞（單詞或短語）作謂語。(2) 連系動詞+表語。注意情態(tài)動詞和助動詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實(shí)義動詞或系動詞一起組成謂語.They can speak English well.They do become what they are dreaming of.謂語第7頁3. 賓語賓語用來表明動作行為或介詞所支配對象，是動作承受者。賓語慣用于及物動詞之后。可作賓語詞有：名詞、代詞（賓格）、動名詞、不定式、數(shù)詞或從句等。第8頁Two

4、tasks:Find the objects of each sentenceDivide the nine sentences into two groups according to the types of words that objects follow賓語第9頁Answers:First group: 1, 2, 5, 61. We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.我們看見了一百多年前被修建廢棄農(nóng)場。2. I havent seen him for a long time. 我很久

5、沒有見到他了5. I think this is because he really enjoys teaching Chinese literature.我認(rèn)為這是因?yàn)樗嫦矚g教中國文學(xué)。6. She refused to accept my gift. 她拒絕接收我禮品。動詞賓語第10頁Second group: 3,4,7,83. He walked to the office. 他朝辦公室走去。 4. Dont hide behind others. 不要躲在他人后面。7. She is quick at learning languages. 她學(xué)語言學(xué)得很快。8. He was s

6、urprised at what she said. 聽到她說話，他很吃驚。介詞賓語第11頁雙賓語有些及物動詞能夠有兩個(gè)賓語: 直接賓語(Direct Object)和間接賓語(Indirect Object), 稱為雙賓語.這兩個(gè)賓語往往一個(gè)指人(普通為間接賓語), 另一個(gè)指物(普通為直接賓語). 間接賓語普通放在直接賓語之前. He gave me a book. 間接賓語直接賓語第12頁有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語, 也可將間接賓語后置, 并在其前加上介詞to或for. He gave a book to me. He bought this book for me.第13頁(1) 加介詞 to

7、 常見動詞有：give bring take hand lend pass tell send show teach write(2) 加介詞 for 常見動詞有：find pay sing buy choose find get make fetch第14頁 表語主要用于表述主語特征，狀態(tài)，身份等。它位于連系動詞后，組成系表結(jié)構(gòu)?？勺鞅碚Z有：名詞、形容詞、代詞、分詞、動名詞、動詞不定式、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、副詞和從句。四、 表語：第15頁系動詞表示狀態(tài)Add your titleAdd your title感官動詞變得be一直保持keep， remain，stay看起來，似乎seem， appe

8、arlook, sound, smell , taste, feelbecome, turn , grow, get, go, come第16頁五、 定語:(attribute)定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞?？沙洚?dāng)定語有：形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名次、分詞、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及從句等。如：第17頁六、 狀語:(adverbial)狀語是用來修飾動詞、副詞、形容詞或整個(gè)句子，說明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目標(biāo)、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方向、程度、方式、伴隨等情況。能夠充當(dāng)狀語有：副詞、形容詞短語、名次短語、分詞短語、介詞短語或從句。如：第18頁七、補(bǔ)語：補(bǔ)語最慣用于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，對動詞后賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。修飾對

9、象是名詞，對賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明是賓語補(bǔ)足語，對主語進(jìn)行解釋說明是主語補(bǔ)足語。第19頁 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)： 動詞+賓語賓補(bǔ)nadj.adv.介詞短語分詞短語與動詞不定式這類慣用及物動詞有： make consider cause see find get have let leave watch hear第20頁八、 同位語 在一個(gè)句子中，一個(gè)名詞或代詞后面有時(shí)還跟有另一個(gè)名詞或代詞，或相當(dāng)于名詞短語或從句，用以說明前者內(nèi)容性質(zhì)和情況，前者和后者句法功效相同，所以，我們把后者視為前者同位語。同位語是用來對名詞（或代詞）做深入解釋。它能夠是單詞、短語或從句。第21頁Lets get to know the

10、types of a sentence!第22頁由一個(gè)主語部分和一個(gè)謂語部分組成。如： They painted the wall at the end of the year. 他們在年初就粉刷了墻。 We start school at 7:50 am. 我們學(xué)校早上7：50開始上課。1. 簡單句第23頁由兩個(gè)或以上分句組成。如： We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs, right in the middle of Australia. 我們在悉尼上車，在澳大利亞中部艾麗斯斯普林斯下車。 He is rich but he

11、is unhappy. 他富裕不過他不開心。2. 并列句第24頁由主句和其它從句組成。如： The school year is divided into two semesters, the first of which is September through December. 一年分為兩學(xué)期，第一學(xué)期從9月到12月。 Mrs Li just smiles, so that you dont feel completely stupid! 李老師只是笑笑，所以你不會感到自己是個(gè)大傻瓜。3. 復(fù)合句第25頁簡單句由一個(gè)主語部分和一個(gè)謂語部分組成，被看作是句子主干。也就相當(dāng)于一棵樹樹干部分。

12、并由此組成了英語五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)S+V 主語謂語S+V+P 主語系動詞表語S+V+O 主語謂語賓語S+V+IO+DO 主語謂語間賓+直賓S+V+O+C 主語謂語賓語賓補(bǔ)簡單句第26頁1. S+V 主謂（不及物動詞）簡單句五種基本句型The sun was shinning.The moon rose.We all breathe, eat and drink.Lucy gets up early every morning.He had slept for a long time when I came in.His parents have worked in the factory for m

13、ore than 10 years.第27頁2. S+V+P 主系+表This is an English dictionary.The dinner smells good.He fell asleep.His face turned red.The well has gone dry.He is growing tall and strong.簡單句五種基本句型第28頁3. S+V+O 主謂賓Who knows the answer?He enjoys reading.He has refused to help them.He admits that he was wrong.簡單句五種基本句型第29頁4. S+V+ IO + DO 主謂間賓直賓He brought you a dictionary.I showed him my picture.He gave me a gift.I told him a