專利信息檢索和分析

1、專利信息檢索和分析專利信息檢索和分析內(nèi)容概要Abstract企業(yè)自主創(chuàng)新的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn) Opportunities and challenges of enterprise self-innovation專利信息在技術(shù)創(chuàng)新中的價值Value of patent information in the technological innovation專利信息檢索Patent information searching專利戰(zhàn)略分析Patent strategies analysis搭建企業(yè)專利信息服務(wù)平臺 Construction of enterprise patent information se

2、rvice platform專利信息檢索和分析自我介紹Self-introduction現(xiàn)任 Current post 北京東方靈盾科技有限公司總裁 President of Beijing East LINDEN Science and Technology Co., Ltd. 曾任 Past posts 國知局專利檢索咨詢中心檢索處處長Director of Searching Office, Patent Searching & Consulting Center, National Intellectual Property Right Bureau 國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)局專利檢索咨詢中心數(shù)據(jù)

3、加工處處長Director of Data Processing Office, Patent Searching & Consulting Center, National Intellectual Property Right Bureau 國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)局知識產(chǎn)權(quán)出版社專利數(shù)據(jù)研發(fā)中心主任Director of Patent Data Research and Development Center, Intellectual Property Right Copyright Society, National Intellectual Property Right Bureau 經(jīng)歷Exp

4、erience 二十余年專利信息工作經(jīng)驗 More than twenty years of patent information experience領(lǐng)導(dǎo)完成國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)局第一個具有國際先進(jìn)水平和自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的成果中國中藥專利數(shù)據(jù)庫He has led and completed the first achievement of National Intellectual Property Right Bureau with international advanced level and self-owned intellectual property rightChina TCM pat

5、ent database 現(xiàn)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)東方靈盾建設(shè)自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)深度標(biāo)引的世界傳統(tǒng)藥物專利數(shù)據(jù)庫，開發(fā)專利檢索分析相關(guān)軟件，廣泛開展專利信息咨詢服務(wù)，為政府和企事業(yè)單位量身定制專業(yè)化的中外專利數(shù)據(jù)庫。 The comrade is now leading East LINDEN to construct the world traditional medicine patent database labeled with in-depth intellectual property right, develop relevant software of patent searching analysi

6、s, launch out patent information consulting service and fabricate professional domestic and foreign patent database for the government, SOE and enterprises. 專利信息檢索和分析自主創(chuàng)新中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展機(jī)遇Self-innovation-development opportunities for medium and small-sized enterprises中國進(jìn)入WTO以后，正面臨著科技進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的挑戰(zhàn)。我國企業(yè)若要贏得這場挑戰(zhàn)，

7、就必須依靠技術(shù)創(chuàng)新迅速提高產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)水平，提升核心競爭力。After Chinas entry into WTO, it is confronted with the challenges of technological progress and economic globalization. Our enterprises must rely on technological innovation to swiftly upgrade the product technological level and level up the core competitiveness in order

8、 to win the challenges. 黨中央在十七大適時提出 “提高自主創(chuàng)新能力，建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家”的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，將其作為提高綜合國力的關(guān)鍵。The Partys Central Committee has mentioned the development strategies of “upgrading the self-innovative ability and constructing an innovative country” in 17th National Peoples Congress and taken it as the key point in upgradi

9、ng the comprehensive national strength. 中小企業(yè)是我國技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的主體，也是成長最快的科技創(chuàng)新力量，國家政策的東風(fēng)為中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展帶來了良好的機(jī)遇。Medium and small-sized enterprises are the main body of Chinas technological innovation and the technological innovative strength with fastest growth. The national policies have brought about excellent oppor

10、tunities for the development of medium and small-sized enterprises. 專利信息檢索和分析中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的歷史現(xiàn)狀Development historical status of medium and small-sized enterprises 但是，由于中國的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)制度建立僅二十多年，由于中國長期處于國企為主的計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)，中小企業(yè)僅在改革開放后才得以發(fā)展等歷史原因，我國中小企業(yè)大多數(shù)是靠低創(chuàng)業(yè)資本起家、靠仿制、貼牌、拷貝等低成本生產(chǎn)，而獲得最初的發(fā)展。However, Chinas IP system has been est

11、ablished for only above twenty years. China has been in the planned economic status focusing on state-owned enterprises for a long time. The great development of the medium and small-sized enterprises starts after reform and opening-up. Most of the medium and small-sized enterprises in China have st

12、arted through low investment and achieved initial development through low cost production such as simulation, brand adhesion, copy and so on. 這種習(xí)慣于仿制、貼牌、拷貝等低成本生產(chǎn)和對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)知識的無知，使我國很多中小企業(yè)在面對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)大潮到來和進(jìn)入國際市場競爭時，遭到巨大沖擊，吃盡苦頭! The low cost production such as simulation, brand adhesion and copy and ignorance

13、 of IP knowledge have made a lot of medium and small-sized enterprises suffer from great impact and setback faced with emergence of IP economic tide and during the international market competition! 專利信息檢索和分析337調(diào)查的警示 Warning of 337 investigation 2007年3月31日，美國國際貿(mào)易委員會對愛普生起訴24家（其中中國有16家）通用墨盒企業(yè)侵犯其專利權(quán)一案，做

14、出了初審裁決，全部被告均涉侵權(quán)，并建議發(fā)布普遍排除令和停止令，要求所有被告停止向美進(jìn)口和在美銷售侵權(quán)墨盒，并禁止所有侵權(quán)墨盒進(jìn)入美國市場。普遍排除令和停止令并發(fā)，是337可能做出的最嚴(yán)厲裁決。On March 31st, 2007, the American International Trade Committee has offered the initial judgment to EPSONs lawsuit to 24 (16 in China) general ink box enterprises concerning patent infringement. All the d

15、efendants have involved in the infringement. It is recommended to promulgate the general elimination order and stop order. All the defendants are asked to stop import to and sales in America of ink boxes. And all the infringing ink boxes are prohibited from entry into American market. The joint prom

16、ulgation of general elimination order and stop order may be the strictest judgments of 337. 2002年以來，美國已對我國發(fā)起337調(diào)查60起，我國已連續(xù)5年成為遭受337調(diào)查最多的國家。 Since 2002, America has made sixty 337 investigations to our country. China has become the country with most 337 investigations for five consecutive years. 遭遇33

17、7調(diào)查，表明了我國中小企業(yè)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)意識的淡薄和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略的缺失。337 investigation has shown the weak IP consciousness in Chinas medium and small-sized enterprises and deficiency of IP strategies. 專利信息檢索和分析中國MP3德國參展遭扣China MP3 products are confiscated in German exhibition 2007年，在全球消費電子、IT及通信業(yè)一年一度的重要大展德國漢諾威CeBIT博覽會上，中國的名牌MP3因涉嫌侵犯意大

18、利Sisvel公司有關(guān)MP3方面的專利，而在德國漢諾威CeBIT的展臺慘遭德國海關(guān)查抄。In 2007, in the annual exhibition of IT and communication industry-German Hannover CeBIT exhibition, Chinas famous MPS products are confiscated by German customs at German Hannover CeBIT exhibition hall due to infringement upon MP3 patent of Italy Sisvel.

19、據(jù)悉，Sisvel擁有MPEG-2美國之外的專利權(quán)。如果生產(chǎn)涉及MPEG-2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的MP3、MP4等影音產(chǎn)品，必須每個產(chǎn)品向Sisvel支付60美分的專利費用。According to relevant information, Sisvel owns the patent right outside MPEG-2 America. Once MP3 and MP4 products concerning MPEG-2 standard are manufactured, 60 cents patent expense must be paid to Sisvel for each produc

20、t. 專利信息檢索和分析產(chǎn)品出口的專利壁壘Patent barrier of products export 此外，從DVD到汽車、摩托，從手機(jī)到電腦、芯片，我國企業(yè)在國外遭遇多起“專利門”事件。在國外競爭對手的專利法寶面前，一些“中國制造”成了待宰的羔羊。Besides, Chinas enterprises have encountered numerous “patent” incidents from DVD to automobile, motorcycle from mobile phone to computer and chips. Before the patent of f

21、oreign competitors, some “made in China” products have become the lamb awaiting death. 我國企業(yè)在專利戰(zhàn)中所處的劣勢，充分反映了以下幾方面問題：The disadvantages of Chinas enterprises in the patent war have adequately reflected the following several problems: 忽視技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，缺乏核心技術(shù)Neglect technological innovation and lack core technolog

22、y 忽視專利技術(shù)分析，未能進(jìn)行侵權(quán)規(guī)避設(shè)計Neglect patent technological analysis and fail to conduct infringement evasive design 缺乏專利預(yù)警機(jī)制，無法及時發(fā)覺侵權(quán)風(fēng)險Lack patent pre-alarm mechanism and fail to discover infringement risks in a timely manner. 專利信息檢索和分析專利信息在技術(shù)創(chuàng)新中的價值Value of patent information in technological innovation 專利信息

23、檢索和分析專利文獻(xiàn)是世界上反映科技發(fā)明成果發(fā)展水平最迅速、最系統(tǒng)、最全面的信息資源，是科學(xué)技術(shù)競爭情報中最活躍的因素。Patent documentary is the fastest, most systematic and complete information sources in the world reflecting the scientific and technological invention achievements. It is the most dynamic element in the technological competitive information.

24、 專利說明書中含有90-95%的研發(fā)成果，其中80%以上的技術(shù)將不再出現(xiàn)于其它技術(shù)文獻(xiàn)中。The patent specification contains 90-95% research and development achievements, above 80% of which will not occur in other technological documentary. 據(jù)多年前的統(tǒng)計，歐洲的十幾個專利條約成員國中，由于在應(yīng)用技術(shù)的研究開發(fā)中利用了專利文獻(xiàn)，避免了重復(fù)研究，每年可節(jié)約研究開發(fā)經(jīng)費300億馬克。According to the statistics a few y

25、ears ago, above ten patent convention membership countries in Europe have avoided repeated research due to and utilization of patent documentary in the applicable technologies research, development. They have saved 30 billion Mark research and development expenditure. 專利信息法律性技術(shù)性商業(yè)性專利信息是技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的源泉Patent

26、 information is the source of technological innovation 專利信息檢索和分析技術(shù)競爭情報Technological competitive information 商業(yè)競爭情報Business competitive information 戰(zhàn)略競爭情報Strategic competitive information 專 利 信 息 Patent information 蘊(yùn)含豐富的技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和法律信息Rich technological, economic and legal information 揭示世界技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷史、趨勢和分布Unv

27、eil the development history, tendency and distribution of world technologies 反映競爭對手的技術(shù)和市場發(fā)展動態(tài)Reflect the technological and market development status of competitors 揭示科技創(chuàng)新和市場發(fā)展的機(jī)會和風(fēng)險Unveil the opportunities and risks of technological innovation and market development 揭示技術(shù)引進(jìn)、技術(shù)應(yīng)用、技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓的機(jī)會和風(fēng)Unveil the o

28、pportunities and risks of technological introduction, application and transfer 最有價值的Most valuable專利信息檢索和分析利用專利信息指導(dǎo)技術(shù)研發(fā)Technological research and development under the guidance of patent information 充分有效的利用專利信息，可以啟迪企業(yè)研究人員的創(chuàng)新思路，提高創(chuàng)新的起點，實現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新目標(biāo)。Adequate and effective utilization of patent information ca

29、n inspire the enterprise research personnel to have an innovative thought, upgrade the innovative starting point and realize innovative objectives. 海爾集團(tuán)在開發(fā)一款出口美國的BF111型冷藏箱時，根據(jù)美國客戶的市場反饋，設(shè)計人員決定加上一個易拉罐自動補(bǔ)位裝置。在設(shè)計之前，專利工作人員進(jìn)行了國內(nèi)外專利檢索，發(fā)現(xiàn)加拿大A公司在美國申請的專利與海爾的設(shè)計初步方案有抵觸，為此，海爾委托美國的專利事務(wù)所進(jìn)行了侵權(quán)對比分析，并提供了法律意見。據(jù)此，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)人

30、員配合設(shè)計人員就所設(shè)計的一種更新穎、更方便的易拉罐自動補(bǔ)位裝置，進(jìn)行反復(fù)專利防侵權(quán)論證，確認(rèn)不與在先權(quán)利沖突后，確定了技術(shù)方案。產(chǎn)品出口美國后，受到了消費者的極大歡迎，市場銷量猛增。 Haier Group designers have decided to add a tin automatic position compensation device according to the American market feedback during the development of BF111 refrigerating storage exported to America. Befo

31、re the design, the patent personnel have conducted a domestic and foreign patent searching and discovered that patent applied by Canada Company A in America is contrary to Haiers initial design plan. Therefore, Haier has entrusted American patent office to conduct an infringement contrast analysis a

32、nd provided legal opinions. IP personnel have coordinated with designers to conduct repeated patent anti-infringement demonstration concerning a newer and more convenient tin automatic position compensation device. The technological plan has been confirmed after confirmation of no right confrontatio

33、ns. The products have won the great welcome of consumers after export to America and the market volume has increased sharply. 專利信息檢索和分析不經(jīng)過專利分析 No patent analysis 真正有效的專利不到總數(shù)的1/3，2/3花的是冤枉錢。Effective patent technologies only take up 1/3 of the total volume/ 2/3 are a waste of money. 專利分析顯示Patent analy

34、sis has shown:97件專利技術(shù)中的23件專利是過期的，29件專利已臨近到期，13件則剛剛遞交申請，沒有授權(quán)，真正算數(shù)的專利只有32件，僅占總數(shù)的3323 of 97 patent technologies are out of date. 29 are at the edge of expiration. 13 have just applied the patent right without any authorization yet. Only 32 patent technologies are valuable which take up 33% of the total

35、 volume. 專利技術(shù)股金Patent technology share capital 1600萬美元 16 million USD 天價換來垃圾 Purchase rubbish with high price某外商以97項專利技術(shù)共折合1600萬美元入股，與北京某汽車廠合資A certain foreign investor has invested with 97 patent technologies which is equal to 16 million USD and cooperated with a certain automobile plant in Beijing

36、. 企業(yè)忽視專利信息的慘痛教訓(xùn)Painful lessons drawn from enterprise neglecting patent information 技術(shù)引進(jìn)中的專利陷阱 Patent ambush in the technological introduction專利信息檢索和分析忽視專利信息檢索導(dǎo)致重復(fù)研發(fā)Repeated research and development due to neglect of patent information searching 許多企業(yè)在產(chǎn)品研發(fā)之前沒有充分地進(jìn)行專利檢索和預(yù)警分析，了解本行業(yè)最前沿的研發(fā)動向，陷入了“閉門造車”的狀態(tài)，

37、結(jié)果導(dǎo)致重復(fù)研發(fā)，不僅浪費了人力和資金，還無意中造成了侵權(quán)，使得多年的成果付諸東流。A lot of enterprises fail to conduct adequate patent searching and pre-alarm analysis before products research and development and do not know the frontier research and development orientations within the circle which have led to “self-sufficiency” status an

38、d repeated research & development. They have not only wasted manpower and fund, but also led to infringement unintentionally. Therefore, years of achievements have been wasted. 據(jù)統(tǒng)計，我國關(guān)于中藥新藥的研發(fā)有90都是重復(fù)研究。中國專利局簽發(fā)的數(shù)百萬件專利中，可能有一半會被漏檢的外國專利、各國期刊論文，以及其他事實和規(guī)則予以推翻。According to the statistics, 90% of the new TC

39、M research and development are repeated in China. Maybe a half of the millions of patent technologies signed and issued by China Patent Bureau will be demolished foreign patents, periodical thesis of various countries and other facts and regulations which will be leaked. 專利信息檢索和分析專利信息檢索Patent inform

40、ation searching 專利信息檢索和分析因特網(wǎng)上的免費專利信息資源Free patent information resources in the Internet 國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)局網(wǎng)站 ()中國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)網(wǎng) ()美國專利商標(biāo)局網(wǎng)站()日本特許廳網(wǎng)站（ ）韓國專利數(shù)據(jù)庫網(wǎng)站()歐洲專利局網(wǎng)站及各國專利數(shù)據(jù)庫（ep.espacenet ）世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)數(shù)字圖書館（)加拿大專利數(shù)據(jù)庫（)澳大利亞知識產(chǎn)權(quán)網(wǎng)站 ()俄羅斯聯(lián)邦專利數(shù)據(jù)庫網(wǎng)站（）新加坡知識產(chǎn)權(quán)局網(wǎng)站（）臺灣APIPA網(wǎng)站及臺灣專利數(shù)據(jù)庫 ()專利信息檢索和分析檢索界面的形式Form of searching interface表格式

41、檢索界面：直接將所要檢索的內(nèi)容填寫在特定字段的表格中，然后開始檢索。這是在中國國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)局官方網(wǎng)站上檢索中國專利數(shù)據(jù)庫的檢索界面。Form searching interface: directly fill in the searching content in the form with special fields and then start searching. This is the searching interface of China patent database in the official website of China IP Bureau. 專利信息檢索和分析檢

42、索界面的形式Form of searching interface命令式式檢索界面：將所要檢索的主題內(nèi)容按照一定的邏輯組配關(guān)系組成檢索提問式填寫在表格中，并開始檢索。這是通過因特網(wǎng)檢索美國專利商標(biāo)局網(wǎng)站上的美國專利數(shù)據(jù)庫。Command searching interface: form the searching questions with topic contents according to a certain logical integration relationship, fill in the form and start searching. This is American

43、 patent database in the official website of American Patent Trademark Bureau through the Internet. 專利信息檢索和分析專利文獻(xiàn)的檢索途徑和字段代碼Searching route and field code of patent documentary號碼檢索No. searching: 專利申請?zhí)?AN)、公告號(PN)等名稱檢索Name searching: 發(fā)明人(IN)、申請人(AP)主題檢索 Topic searching: 專利篇名(TI) 文摘 (AB) 關(guān)鍵詞 (KW) 德溫特主題代

44、碼(MC) 分類檢索Classified searching: 國際專利分類(IC) 美國專利分類(CL) 德溫特分類(DC) 范疇分類(CT-中國專利庫) 優(yōu)先權(quán)檢索 Preemptive right searching: (PR) 日期檢索Date searching: 申請日(AD) 公告日(PD)引證文獻(xiàn)檢索 Quoted documentary searching: (CT)法律狀態(tài)檢索Legal status searching: （LG)其它檢索途徑 Other searching routes: 國別省市代碼 (CO) 化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu) 基因序列 (Chemical structure

45、 gene sequence) 中藥方劑 說明書全文檢索等 Full text searching of TCM ingredient specification 專利信息檢索和分析號碼檢索No. searching 主要通過申請?zhí)枴＠枡z索。例如，在有關(guān)報刊、文摘或商品中查到某相關(guān)專利號后，可通過該號碼查找該專利的文摘或全文。通過申請?zhí)柤皩＠?，還可以檢索特定專利的同族專利。通過專利號查到某專利后，還可從中進(jìn)一步得到分類號、優(yōu)先權(quán)等信息，據(jù)此進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大檢索范圍。 The application number and patent number shall be mainly adopted

46、 for searching. For instance, after relevant patent number has been searched in the newspapers, periodicals, digest or commodities, the number can be adopted to search the patent documentary or full text. The application number and patent number shall be utilized to search the specific patent. After

47、 a certain patent has been searched through the patent number, the classification number and preemptive right can be further obtained. And the searching scope can be enlarged. 專利信息檢索和分析名稱檢索Name searching 主要通過發(fā)明人、專利權(quán)人名稱查找特定專利。例如，可以定期對某一領(lǐng)域的專家作為發(fā)明人進(jìn)行檢索，跟蹤其技術(shù)開發(fā)的動態(tài)，并根據(jù)檢索結(jié)果，從中尋找本公司或企業(yè)需求的專家、潛在雇員、或可能的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓者。

48、還可將同一領(lǐng)域的公司、企業(yè)或科研機(jī)構(gòu)作為專利權(quán)人進(jìn)行定期跟蹤檢索，隨時掌握對方的技術(shù)開發(fā)動態(tài)，使本企業(yè)在市場競爭中知己知彼，并根據(jù)競爭對手的動態(tài)隨時調(diào)整自己的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。 Specific patent shall be searched mainly through inventor and patentees name. For instance, the expert in a certain field can be searched regularly as the inventor. The technological development dynamic shall be tra

49、cked. According to the searching result, the experts needed for the company, potential employees or possible technological transferees can be searched. Furthermore, the companies, enterprises or scientific research institutions in the same field can be taken as the patentee for regular tracking sear

50、ching to master the technological development dynamics at any time so that the enterprise can keep well informed all the information in the market competition and adjust its own development strategies according to the competitors dynamics at any time. 專利信息檢索和分析主題檢索Topic searching 主題檢索途徑主要通過選取主題詞（關(guān)鍵詞

51、）、主題代碼查找相關(guān)技術(shù)主題的專利。這是最常用的檢索途徑。根據(jù)課題需要，主題檢索與名稱檢索可進(jìn)行組合。 The topic searching routes shall mainly refer to searching relevant technological topic patent through the topic word (key word) and topic code. This is the most frequently adopted searching route. According to the topic demand, the topic search an

52、d name searching can be integrated. paper feed*epson檢索愛普生公司申請的有關(guān)“打印機(jī)的進(jìn)紙裝置”的專利 Search EPSON “printer paper device” patent專利信息檢索和分析分類檢索 Classified searching 分類途徑是系統(tǒng)檢索專利文獻(xiàn)的常用途徑。由于世界各國都采用統(tǒng)一的國際專利分類法，相同技術(shù)主題的文獻(xiàn)都具有相同的分類號，因此通過分類檢索專利文獻(xiàn)，可以比其他途徑達(dá)到更高的查全率，特別適合專利查新檢索。 Classification route is the frequently adopted

53、 route for patent documentary searching. Since various countries in the world have adopted the unified international patent classification method, the documentary with same technological topic will have the same classification number. Therefore, classified patent documentary searching can realize hi

54、gher searching rate than other routes. It is particularly applicable to the new patent searching. 選擇IPC分類位置Select IPC classification position 專利信息檢索和分析優(yōu)先權(quán)檢索 Preemptive right searching 優(yōu)先權(quán)項是指同族專利中基本專利的申請?zhí)?、申請國別、申請日期。由于同族專利都具有相同的優(yōu)先權(quán)項，因此通過優(yōu)先權(quán)項可以方便、快捷地檢索出有關(guān)同一發(fā)明的全部同族專利。通過某一項技術(shù)發(fā)明的同族專利數(shù)量及申請國別，可對該項技術(shù)的潛在經(jīng)濟(jì)價值進(jìn)

55、行評價，為技術(shù)引進(jìn)提供依據(jù)，為產(chǎn)品出口避開對方的專利保護(hù)區(qū)提供情報。 The preemptive right shall refer to the application number, country and date of basic patent in the same type of patent. Given same preemptive right in the same type of patent technologies, the preemptive right shall be utilized to search all the patents of same in

56、vention conveniently and swiftly. Same type of patent quantity and application country in a certain technological invention shall be utilized to evaluate the potential economic value of the technology, provide basis for the technological introduction and provide information for the products export t

57、o evade counterparts patent protective area. 專利信息檢索和分析INPADOC同族專利檢索INPADOC same type of patent searching 專利信息檢索和分析引證文獻(xiàn)檢索(USPTO)Quoted documentary searching (USPTO) 專利信息檢索和分析法律狀態(tài)檢索Legal status searching 專利信息檢索和分析如何構(gòu)造檢索策略How to construct searching strategies 制定檢索策略是指在分析用戶檢索課題基礎(chǔ)上,確定檢索途徑與檢索用詞,并明確各詞之間的邏輯

58、關(guān)系，安排科學(xué)的查找步驟。Searching strategies stipulation shall refer to confirmation of searching routes and words based on analysis of users searching topics, making clear the logical relationship between various words and arranging scientific searching procedures. 構(gòu)造檢索策略,往往涉及各方面的知識和技能,例如,需要了解檢索系統(tǒng)特性和功能，了解所檢索課

59、題的專業(yè)知識，熟悉數(shù)據(jù)庫的記錄結(jié)構(gòu)、標(biāo)引規(guī)則及詞表構(gòu)造，需要掌握必要的檢索方法與隨機(jī)調(diào)整技術(shù)等。所以要構(gòu)造一個成功的檢索策略,首先要求檢索者具備較高的專業(yè)水平、外語水平和檢索經(jīng)驗。Searching strategies construction shall often touch upon various knowledge and skills such as searching system features and functions, searching topic professional knowledge, database recording structure, label

60、ing regulations and word form structure, necessary searching methods and random adjustment techniques. Therefore, the searchers shall first have rather high professional level, foreign language proficiency and searching experience in order to construct a successful searching strategy. 評估檢索效果的優(yōu)劣有兩個指標(biāo)