名詞性從句-英語

1、名詞性從句-英語Point out the function of each noun in the following sentences: 1.The world loves nature. is power . Chinese are peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicative名詞性從句名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞主語 His job is important.What he does is important.表語This is his job.This is what he does

2、 every day. 賓語 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位語 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is Mr.White.什么叫名詞性從句？在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句What are noun cla

3、uses? His story is interesting. What he said is interesting. I heard his story. I heard what he said. I listen to his story. I listen to what he said. This is his story. This is what he said. The idea of going there is good. The idea that we go there is good.Subject clauseObject clauseObject clause

4、after a prepositionPredictive clauseAppositive clausePractice time：指出下列各名詞性從句的種類At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.2. She wondered if the buses would still be running.3. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that fa

5、r.4. When we will start is not clear.5. I had no idea that you were her friend.Object clauseObject clausePredicative clauseSubject clauseAppositive clause名詞性從句中的連接詞有:連詞: that / whether / as if(though);連接代詞: what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，連接副詞: where / when / wh

6、y / how / wherever / whenever。 引導(dǎo)詞句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.They are good doctors. He told us. 2. He hadnt said anything at the meeting. The fact surprised us.He told us that they were good doctors.The fact that he hadnt said anything at the meeting surprised us.總結(jié)：當(dāng)從句原來是陳述句時，變成名詞性從句用that引導(dǎo)。3.Does your sister get up ea

7、rly? Do you know? 4.Do animals have the same senses as humans? I often wonder. Do you know if/ whether your sister gets up early?I often wonder if/ whether animals have the same senses as humans.總結(jié)：當(dāng)從句原來是一般疑問句時，變成名詞性從句用if或whether引導(dǎo)。5.When did he buy this new bike? Could you tell me? 6.My question is

8、 this: where will the lecture be given? Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?My question is where the lecture will be given.總結(jié)：當(dāng)從句原來是特殊疑問句時，變成名詞性從句還用原來的特殊疑問詞來引導(dǎo)。總結(jié)：名詞性從句必須用陳述句語序。另外，一般情況下，名詞性從句均看作單數(shù)概念。由what引導(dǎo)的一般看后面的表語。賓語從句的時態(tài)一般與主句保持一致。1.What we need more time.2.What we need more English dic

9、tionaries.areisPractice time.單句改錯1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.2.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.3.I didnt know that you will come.4.He said that he is writing a story.5.Could you tell me when will he arrive?6.You can begin to see why does English have su

10、ch strange rules._ is_ hasnt_would_was_ he will_ English hasObject Clauses 賓語從句 I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主語謂語賓語（簡單句）主語謂語賓 語 從 句連詞從句主語 從句謂語 主 句（復(fù)合句）賓語從句的概念：賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句 +連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+ 簡單句或其一部分一、連詞（引導(dǎo)詞） 1. 當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時（包括肯定句和否定句），連詞由that引導(dǎo)，因為that在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略She sa

11、ys (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.that在以下三種情況下不能省略：（1）當(dāng)that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個that不能?。唬?）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she work

12、s harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.3.在主句為動詞be加某些形容詞（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表語時，后面所跟的省略that的從句也可算是賓語從句Im sorry (that) I dont know .Were sure (that) our team will win .Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .4. 當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時，由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)（口語中常用if

13、），因為if/whether翻譯成：“是否”，具有一定的意義，所以不能省略Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city .She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books .whether與if的辨用表“是否”時，在下列情況下用whether。a. 主語從句b. 表語從句c. 同位語從句d. 介詞后的賓語從句e.后接動詞

14、不定式 (whether to do sth.) f .whether or not 連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時不用ifPractice timeif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.8. I dont know _ to go. if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhetherwhether5. 當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑

15、問句時，由連接代詞（what, who, whom, whose）或連接副詞（when, where, how, why）引導(dǎo)，因為連接代詞或連接副詞在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所以不可以省略Do you know what he said just now ? I dont remember when we arrived . I asked him where I could get so much money . Please tell me who (whom) we have to see . Do you know what time the plane leave

16、s ? 帶how的詞組也都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ?Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?I dont know how far it is to the cinema .Please tell us how many students there are in your school ?Can you tell us how old his brother is ?Please tell us how soon you will

17、 be ready .Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ?二、時態(tài)1. 如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài) （包括一般現(xiàn)在時 ， 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句的時態(tài)可根 據(jù)實際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過 去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等）I know he lives here .I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .2.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時），那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種

18、時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時， 過去完成時）I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .3.當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理 時用一般現(xiàn)在時。The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)T

19、he headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) will be goes were playing have returned had been 6. I didnt know what time he _ the letter.

20、(write)7. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)8. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be) wrote has taken had been 三、語序賓語從句的語序用陳述語序：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go

21、 to the library . 2. What does he want to buy ? I dont know what he wants to buy . I dont know what does he want to buy . 1could / would是委婉語氣，而不是過去式，因此賓語從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)實際情況用不同時態(tài)。注意事項Could you please tell me where we show our tickets ?Could you tell us which gate we have to go to ?Would you like to know when

22、 he will come back ?2. 如果主句的謂語動詞是ask時，連詞不可能是that；如果主句的謂語動詞是say時，連詞用thatShe says (that) she will leave a message on his desk .He said (that) he was going to take care of the child .He asks if I like playing the piano .You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station .3. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移:若主語謂語動詞

23、為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等,其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上,從句謂語用肯定式。 I dont think this dress fits you well. (我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。)4. it常可以放在動詞think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作為形式賓語:it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語-that從句則放在句尾,特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 We heard it that she would

24、 get married next month.Predicative Clauses 表語從句表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句, 放在系動詞之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+系動詞+表語從句”。可以接表語從句的系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。另外,常用的還有the reason why is that 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：. 表語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)表語成分，一般放在連系動詞之后. 作用:對主語進(jìn)行解釋說明。連接詞：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不 引導(dǎo) 表語從句)連接代詞：who / whom / wh

25、ose / which / what 連接副詞：when / where / why / how / because The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry .Thats why I was late .注 意：在表語從句中，表“是否” 時，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。一般情況下，“that”不能省。 It is /was because . It is

26、/was why. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.4 The reason is because /whythat .名詞主語+be+that引起的表語從句在這種句型中，常用表示事實，真理的名詞，如：fact, truth 或表示看法，觀點(diǎn)的名詞，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主語。如：1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.The truth is that she was the very person who infor

27、med against her husband.注意表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與主語從句和賓語從句相同. 但: 1. that引導(dǎo)表語從句時不能省. 2. if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句. 1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. whic

28、h D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when Subject Clauses 主語從句1. 主語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語成分1). That he will succeed is certain .2) Whether he will go there is not known .3) What he said is not true .4) Where he hid the money is to be found out .5) Whoever comes

29、is welcome.6) Its certain that he will succeed .7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8)When theyll start the project has not been decided yet. 考點(diǎn)一:主語從句后置! 為了避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語. 例:That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that we shall be late.1. Th

30、at the earth is round is known to all.- 2. That you missed the chance is a pity.- 由連詞 whether , 連接代詞 what,who,which 和連接副詞 when,where,why,how 常常后置:It is a pity that you missed the chance.Its known to all that the earth is round.It 的用法： （形式主語） It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清

31、楚 Its said/ reported that.據(jù)說/據(jù)報道 Its been announced/declared that.已經(jīng)通知/宣布 It seems/appears/happens. that顯然、明顯、 碰巧. Its no wonder that并不奇怪/無疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (眾所周知） / a common saying.（俗話說）考點(diǎn)二注意：主語從句中 ，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)What引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可根據(jù)表語決定What he needs _is_ that book.What he needs _are_ s

32、ome books. what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語,賓語,表語,而that則不然,它在句子中只起連接作用。例如：(1) What you said yesterday is right.(2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.What 與 that 引導(dǎo)主語從句 由 that 引導(dǎo):1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _ is known to all. (地球是圓的)3. _ is a pity. (你錯過了這次機(jī)會) that 無意義, 后接一個完整的句子. that 不可省That

33、the earth is roundThat you missed the chance注 意：What you left are only several old books.What you said is of great importance.What he says and does doesnt concern me.What he says and does dont agree.“if” 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句，應(yīng)有“whether”引導(dǎo)。主語從句的 “that” 一般不能省。“what”引導(dǎo)主語從句時，謂語動詞： 1）常與其后的名詞作表語一致 2）根據(jù)句子的語境而定。_ he ma

34、de an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.Which; belong to b. As, belonged to c. What; belonging to d.

35、 It; belonging to4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D haveAppositive Clauses 同

36、位語從句同位語從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語從句成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，對名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明. n.+ 連接詞 + 從句同位語從句常用 that 引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞when / where/why / how / whether 1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people .2).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything

37、he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.注: 1. 同 位語從句多用that 引導(dǎo)2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語從句. I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.I have no idea when he will be back.how he can get the treasure.where the concert will be hold.who can fini

38、sh the work.why it happened.which pen is mine.what we should do next.whom they are talking about.whether itll rain tomorrow.that our football team won the game. 1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a thre

39、e-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.名詞demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣,結(jié)構(gòu)為 s

40、hould + do, should 可省略 He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.I have heard the news that he visited our factory .I have heard the news that he told you the other day .同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：1 同位語從句that 只起連接作用，不作任何成分 定語從句 that 是關(guān)系代詞，起連接作用和充 當(dāng)賓語和主語2同位語從句同位語從句和前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明 定語從句 定從和前面的名詞是所

41、屬關(guān)系，對名詞進(jìn)行修飾，加以限定3同位語從句that 不能省 定語從句 that 在從句中作賓語時，可以省Practice :判斷下列各句是同位語從句還是定語從句1.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.2. The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 同位語從句定語從句同位語從句 Tha

42、nk you1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2.We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ or not we will have a sports meeting

43、 this weekend. A. if B. where C. whether D. thatDABC5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like7. My si

44、ster told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you liveCBD8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this s

45、cience book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China10. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing . A. will rain , wont go B. rained , wasnt go C. rains , wont go D. rain , will go BCD1. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted

46、to key universities . A What / because B What / that C That / what D That / because2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . A What / why B That / what C What / because D Why / that BAB3. He is absent from school . It is _ he is seriously ill. A. why B

47、. because C. that D. the reason4 _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising . A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever 5. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities . A that B how C where D what DA6 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show las

48、t week . - Is that _you had a few days off ? A why B when C what D where 7 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game ?- Oh ,thats _. A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited AA._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect th

49、e cultural differences from one aspect . A What B That C This D Which 10. When you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule :Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants . A what B which C when D that 11. We made the suggestion that he _ his work . A continues B continue C continued D had continued BAB12.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever13. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game .why B. what C. who D. that (05)14.The poor yo