中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致課件(共20張)

1、2020年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致一、考點(diǎn)聚焦 1.語(yǔ)法形式上的一致主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (1). The number of students in our school_ (be) 1700.(2). Mary and Kelly_ (be) alike.2.意義上一致（1）主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。My family (be) watching TV at 7 oclock yesterday evening.單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有people.police.cattle .militia等。（2）主語(yǔ)形

2、式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 The news (be) very exciting. 復(fù)數(shù)形式代表單數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有news.works（工廠）.means和以ics結(jié)尾的 學(xué)科名稱physics.politics.economics等。 isarewereis12022/9/282020年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)一、考點(diǎn)聚焦 1.語(yǔ)法形式上的3.就近原則即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。并列主語(yǔ)由連詞or.either or.neither nor.not only but also 等連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。 Either you or I_ (be) ma

3、d.Either the teacher or the students (be) to blame.Not only the students but also their teacher (do) know about it.There be 句型中，也遵循就近原則。There (be) my wife and family to look after.There (be) an apple, two oranges and some bananas on the plate.amaredoesntisis22022/9/283.就近原則amaredoesntisis22022/9/4.應(yīng)

4、注意的若干問(wèn)題（1）名詞作主語(yǔ)。集體名詞family, team, class, group, nation, world, government等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，反之用復(fù)數(shù)。 My family_ (be) going out for a trip.The whole family _ (be) watching TV.這類詞還有pany.crew.crowd.enemy.party.public.等。 Population和“a group(crowd)of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”也適用于這種情況，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)部分用復(fù)數(shù)。某些集體名詞如people.poli

5、ce.cattle.oxen只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。 The police _ (have) caught the thief. People _ (be) talking about the news.單.復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單.復(fù)數(shù)。A sheep _ （be）over there. Some sheep_ (be) over there.isareisarehaveare32022/9/284.應(yīng)注意的若干問(wèn)題isareisarehaveare320名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店.工場(chǎng).住宅等；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。 My unc

6、les_ (be) not far from here.常見(jiàn)的省略名詞有the bakers ,the doctors,the Zhangs等。當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量.距離.金額.時(shí)間.書(shū)名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Thirty years _ (be) passed. Five minutes _ (be) enough to finish the task.不定代詞each.every.no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：Each boy and each girl in my class

7、 _ (have) a dictionary.isisishas42022/9/28名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店.工場(chǎng).住如果主語(yǔ)有more than one 或many a 構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 More than one student _ (have) seen the play.Many a boy_ (have) bought that kind of toy.但是，“more + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。More members than one (be) against your plan.一些

8、由兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如passes.chopsticks.scissors等。Your trousers (be) too short.但如果主語(yǔ)用a kind of.a pair of.a series of等加名詞構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 A pair of shoes _ (be) on the desk.hashasareareis52022/9/28如果主語(yǔ)有more than one 或many a this kind of book = a book of this kind(這種書(shū))，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；短語(yǔ)this kind

9、of men = men of this kind = these kind of men(口語(yǔ))（這一類人），但this kind of men的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。This kind of men _ (be) dangerous. Men of this kind_ (be) dangerous.復(fù)數(shù)形式的單.復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，按意義一致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，反之，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有means.works.species(種類).Chine

10、se.Japanese等。當(dāng)它們的前面有 a.such a.this.that修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；有all.such.these.those修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。The/This glass works (be) set up in 1980.The/These glass works (be) near the railway station.isarewasare62022/9/28this kind of book = a book of(11)如果名詞詞組中心詞是all.most.half.rest .part等詞語(yǔ)，所指是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，反之用單數(shù)。All of my s

11、tudents (be) working hard. All of the oil _ (be) gone.(12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。Between the two windows _ (hang) an oil painting.（2）由連接詞連接的名詞作主語(yǔ)。用and或both and 連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果并列主語(yǔ)指的是同一個(gè)人，同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。Truth and honesty _ (be) the best policy.To love and to be loved _

12、(be) the great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early _ (be) a good habit.A knife and fork_ (be) on the table.areishangsareareisis72022/9/28(11)如果名詞詞組中心詞是all.most.half.re當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with.like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, i

13、ncluding, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單.復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的單.復(fù)數(shù)而定。The teacher as well as the students (be) excited.The room with its furniture (be) rented.以or,either or,neither nor,not only but also等連接的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，采取“就近原則”。Tom or his brothers (be) waiting in the room.Either you or he (be) to go.Neither you nor I nor

14、anybody else (know) anything about it.is/wasis/wasareisknows82022/9/28當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as, as much as（3）代詞作主語(yǔ)。名詞性物主代詞后的動(dòng)詞，既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。 Ours (Our Party) _ (be) a great Party.Your shoes _ (be) white, mine (= my shoes)_ (be) black.such.the same起指示代詞作用時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來(lái)決定單.復(fù)數(shù)。Such _ (be) our

15、plan. Such _ (be) his last words.關(guān)系代詞who.that.which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。I have two sisters, who (be) both students.The train ran over a boy and his dog that (be) just crossing the track.The building which (stand) near the river is our school.isareareisarearewerestands92022/9/28（3）代詞作主語(yǔ)。isa

16、reareisareareweres疑問(wèn)詞who.what.which作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說(shuō)話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單.復(fù)數(shù)。 “Who (live) next door?” “It is Xiao Liu.”“Who (live) next door?” “It is Wang and Li.”不定代詞any.either.neither.none.all.some.more等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意下列情況：（A）單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其在文中的意義，動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式。Now all (have) been changed. All (be) present. Lets begin the me

17、eting.（B）其后接of時(shí)，若of的賓語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若of的賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)；在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。 (do) any of you know about the accident? None of us (have) seen the film.liveslivehasareDose/dohas/have102022/9/28疑問(wèn)詞who.what.which作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)（4）分?jǐn)?shù).量詞作主語(yǔ)?！胺?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) +of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“some, a lot of, lots of, plenty o

18、f, a large quantity of, a heap of, a variety of, the rest of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞，而名詞前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)。Lots of damage_ (be) caused by flood.A lot of students _ (have) gone to the countryside.A large quantity of beer _ (be) sold.(large) quantities of 修飾少數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)

19、數(shù)。large amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。Quantities of food (be) on the table.Large amounts of money (be) spent on the bridge.washavewasare/werewere112022/9/28（4）分?jǐn)?shù).量詞作主語(yǔ)。washavewasare/were 表示數(shù)量的one and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。One and a half apples_ (be) left on the table. half of.(a) pa

20、rt of修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Half of the fruit (be) bad.Half of the apples (be) bad. a (great) number of, many, a few修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。A number of students (have) gone to the countryside to help with the autumn ha

21、rvest.A great deal of trouble (lie) before us.isisarehavelies122022/9/28 表示數(shù)量的one and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形 the number of +可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，the amount of +不可數(shù)名詞，the quantity of +可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。The number of students in our school (be) increasing.The quantity of books in the library (be) amazing.The quan

22、tity of heat in the office (have) not been increased.The amount of money (be) great.(5)名詞化的形容詞作主語(yǔ)。如果主語(yǔ)由“the + 形容詞（或過(guò)去分詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)。這類詞有the rich.the poor.the brave.the injured.the living.the wounded等。The blind (study) in special schools. 但指?jìng)€(gè)別時(shí)用單數(shù)。The departed （死者） (be) a well-known engineer.（6）從句

23、作主語(yǔ)。由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What we need _ (be) more money.What we need_ (be) more teachers. isishasisstudywasisare132022/9/28 the number of +可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，the am在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one，因此從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是當(dāng)one前有the only等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)

24、系代詞的先行詞是one, 因此從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。This is one of the most interesting stories that _ (have) been told by my father.She was the only one of the girls who_ (be) late for class today.（7）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。To see (be) to believe.Seeing (be) believing.（8）the +姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)表示“某人一家人”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)The Turners (be) sitting

25、 at the breakfast table.havewasisisare142022/9/28在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + who/that/wh二、精典名題導(dǎo)解（選擇填空）1. One-third of the area _ covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees _ been planted. A. are; have B. is; has C. is; haveD. are; has 2. The number of teachers in our college _ greatly increa

26、sed last term.A number of teachers in this school _ from the countryside. A. was; isB. was; are C. were; areD. were; is 3. What _ the population of China? One-third of the population _ workers here. A. is; areB. are; are C. is; isD. are; is 4. Not only he but also we _ right. He as well as we _ righ

27、t. A. are; areB. are; is C. is; isD. is; are5. What hed like _ a digital watch. What hed like _ textbooks. A. are; areB. is; is C. is; areD. are; isCBABC152022/9/28二、精典名題導(dǎo)解（選擇填空）1. One-third of 6. He is one of the boys who _ here on time. He is the only one of the boys who _ here on time. A. has com

28、e; have come B. have come; has come C. has come; has come D. have come; have come 7. Either you or he _ interested in playing chess. _ you or he fond of music at present? A. are; AreB. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is8. Many a professor _ looking forward to visiting Germany now. Many scientists _ studie

29、d animals and plants in the last two years. A. is; haveB. is; has C. are; have D. is; are 9. A knife and a fork _ on the table. A knife and fork _ on the table. A. is; isB. are; are C. are; is D. is; are 10. Her family _ much larger than mine four years ago. Her family _ dancing and singing when I c

30、ame in last night. A. were; wasB. was; wereC. was; was D. were; were BBACB162022/9/286. He is one of the boys who _11. How and why Jack came to China _ not known. When and where to build the new library _ not been decided. A. is; hasB. are; has C. is; have D. are; have12. Now Tom together with his c

31、lassmates _ football on the playground. A. playB. are playing C. playsD. is playing13. Two hundred and fifty pounds _ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car. A. is B. are C. were D. be14. All but Dick _ in Class Three this term. A. are B. is C. were D. was15. Soon after the earthquake, every

32、 man, woman and child _ about it. A. were talking B. was talking C. talkD. talksADAAB172022/9/2811. How and why Jack came to C16. We each _ strong points and each of us on the other hand _ weak points. A. have; have B. has; have C. has; has D. have; has17. My friend and classmate Paul _ motorcycles

33、in his spare time. A. raceB. races C. is raced D. is racing18. There _ a pen, two pencils, and three books on the desk. A. are B. is C. has D. have19. The factory, including its machines and buildings, _ burnt last night. A. is B. are C. were D. was20. Climbing hills _ of great help to health. A. is B. are C. were D. beDBBDA182022/9/2816. We each _