解剖學 雙語1課件

1、Joints of limbs附肢骨連接山東大學醫(yī)學院 解剖教研室李振華Joints of upper limb 上肢骨的連接Joints of should girdle 上肢帶骨的連接Sternoclavicular joint 胸鎖關節(jié)Bones: sternal end of clavicle, clavicular notch of sternum, and first costal cartilage Articular capsule: strong and is reinforced by anterior and posterior sternoclavicular liga

2、mentsArticular disc: attached to the capsule, dividing the joint into two cavities.Movements: elevation and depression, forward and backward, rotation and circumduction of the acromial end of the clavicle Joints of should girdle上肢帶骨的連接Acromioclavicular joint 肩鎖關節(jié)Bones: acromion and acromial end of c

3、lavicleMovement: rotation of scapula on clavicleCoracoacromial arch 喙肩弓Compositioncoracoacromial ligament 喙肩韌帶coranoid processAcromionPrevents the shoulder joint from superior dislocation Coranoid processAcromion Coracoacromial ligamentJoints of free upper limb自由上肢骨的連接Shoulder joint 肩關節(jié)Tendon of lon

4、g head of biceps brachiiShoulder joint 肩關節(jié)Accessory structuresGlenoid labrum 盂唇: fibrocartilaginous ring on periphery of glenoid cavityCoracohumeral ligament 喙肱韌帶: runs from coracoid process to greater tubercleMovements: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumdu

5、ction dislocationDislocation of Shoulder joint Elbow joint 肘關節(jié)Bones: lower end of humerus, upper ends of radius and ulnaHumeroulnar joint 肱尺關節(jié): formed by trochlear of humerus and troclear noch (hinge) Humeroradial joint 肱橈關節(jié): formed by capitulum of humerus and head of radius (ball and socket)Proxima

6、l radioulnar joint 橈尺近側(cè)關節(jié): formed by articular circumference of radius and radial notch of ulnaCapsule: thin and lax anteriorly and posteriorly, strongly thickened on either side by collateral ligamentsDislocationof elbow joint Anteroposterior (A) and lateral (B) radiographs of an adult elbow joint.

7、 The joint is semiflexed in B.Joints between radius and ulna Proximal radioulnar joint 橈尺近側(cè)關節(jié)Interosseous membrane of forearm前臂骨間膜: a fibrous membrane between the shaft of radius and ulnaDistal radioulnar joint 橈尺遠側(cè)關節(jié) formed by head of ulna, ulnar notch of radius and an articular disc Joints of hand

8、 Radiocarpal joint 橈腕關節(jié) (ellipsoid)BonesCarpal articular surface of radius and articular disc below the ulnaProximal row of carpal: scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones, but not pisiformCapsule: lax and strengthened by surrounding ligamentMovements: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and ci

9、rcumductionJoints of handIntercarpal joints 腕骨間關節(jié)Carpometacarpal joints 腕掌關節(jié)Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌關節(jié)Bones: trapezium and base of first metacarpalMovement: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and oppositionIntermetacarpal joints 掌骨間關節(jié)Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指關節(jié)Interphalangeal j

10、oints 指間關節(jié) Joints of handIntermetacarpal joints 腕骨間關節(jié)Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指關節(jié)Interphalangeal joints 指間關節(jié) Joints of Lower limb下肢骨的連接Joints of pelvic girdle下肢帶連接Sacroiliac joint 骶髂關節(jié)Bones: auricular surface of sacrum and iliumCapsule: very tight and strengthened by ligamentsForamina of the glut

11、eal regionGreater sciatic foramen Formed by the greater sciatic notch of the hip bone and the sacrospinous ligament. It provides an exit from the pelvis into the gluteal region. Lesser sciatic foramen Formed by the lesser sciatic notch of the ischium and the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments.

12、 It provides an entrance into the perineum from the gluteal regionJoints of pelvic girdle下肢帶連接 Pubic symphysis 恥骨聯(lián)合Articulation: symphysial surface and interpubic disc (fibrocartilage)Ligaments: superior pubic ligament and arcuate pubic ligamentObturator membrane 閉孔膜 Obturator canal 閉膜管Bony pelvis骨盆

13、Lesser pelvis 小骨盆pelvic inlet 骨盆上口(terminal line): Pelvic outlet 骨盆下口: formed by tip of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity, ramus of ischium, inferior ramus of pubic, symphysisPelvic cavity 骨盆腔Pubic arch 恥骨弓subpubic angle 恥骨下角Main difference between male and femal pelvisFemale MaleOv

14、erall Wide and short Narrow and longIliac alaMore horizontalMore verticalInlet RoundOval or heart shapedOutlet LargerSmall Pelvic cavityShallower, wideDeep narrowSubpubic angleRight angle (901000)Acute angle (70750)Main difference between male and femal pelvisFemaleMale Pelvic inlet Pelvic outetPelv

15、ic cavityPubic arch90100070750 Main difference between male and femal pelvis Anteroposterior radiograph of adult female pelvis.Joints of free lower limb自由下肢骨連接 Hip joint 髖關節(jié)Bones: acetabulum and femoral headArticular capsule attachmentsAbove: margins of acetabulum and transverse acetebular ligament

16、Below: in front to intertrochanteric line; behind, to the neck of femur above 1 cm above the intertrochanteric crest Hip joint 髖關節(jié)Accessory structures Acetabulum labrum 髖臼唇; transverse acetebular ligament 髖臼橫韌帶LigamentsIliofemoral lig. 髂股韌帶Ligament of head of femur 股骨頭韌帶Pubofemoral lig. 恥股韌帶Ischiofe

17、moral ligament 坐股韌帶Zona orbicularis 輪匝帶 Movement: flexion, extention, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumductionAcetabulum labrumTransverse acetebular lig.Ligament of head of femur Hip joint 髖關節(jié)Ischiofemoral lig.Zona orbicularisIliofemoral lig.Pubofemoral lig.Head of femur is d

18、riven posteriorly, out of acetabulumPoterior dislocation of the hip boneKnee joint 膝關節(jié)Bones: lower end of femurupper end of tibia patellaArticular capsule: Superapatellar bursa 髕上囊Deep infrapatellar bursa 髕下深囊 Ala folds 翼狀襞Knee joint 膝關節(jié)Accessory structuresligamentsPatellar lig. 髕韌帶Fibular collatera

19、l lig. 腓側(cè)副韌帶Tibial collateral lig. 脛側(cè)副韌帶Anterior cruciate ligment 前交叉韌帶Posterior cruciate ligament 后交叉韌帶Oblique popliteal ligament 腘斜韌帶Meniscus 半月板 Medial meniscus 內(nèi)側(cè)半月板 (C-shaped)lateral meniscus 外側(cè)半月板 (O-shaped)Knee joint 膝關節(jié)Oblique popliteal lig.Anterior cruciate lig.Posterior cruciate lig.Fibula

20、r collateral lig.Tibial collateral lig.Knee joint 膝關節(jié)Movements: flexion and extension; flexed knee joint may be passively rotated through 700 lateralMedialHip jointKnee jointRadiograph Coronal T1-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the knee in an adult male. Tibiofibular syndesmosis脛腓連結(jié)Tibiof

21、ibular joint 脛腓關節(jié)Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨間膜Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments 脛腓前、后韌帶Joint of foot 足關節(jié)Talocrural joint 距小腿關節(jié) (ankle joint 踝關節(jié)) Bones: lower ends of tibia and fibula, trochlea of talusArticular capsule: thin and lax in front and behind, and supported on each side by

22、 strong collateral ligamentsLigmentsMedial lig. 內(nèi)側(cè)韌帶Lateral lig. 外側(cè)韌帶Anterior talofibular lig. 距腓前韌帶Calcaneofibular lig. 跟腓韌帶Posterior talofibular lig. 距腓后韌帶 Joint of foot 足關節(jié)Medial lig.Calcaneofibular lig.Anterior talofibular lig.Posterior talofibular lig.Joint of foot 足關節(jié)Talocrural joint 距小腿關節(jié)Move

23、ments: dorsiflexion (extension) plantar flexion (flexion); when the ankle joint is fully plantar flexed, small amounts of abduction, and adduction are possibleTorn fibers of anterior talofibular lig.Joint of foot 足關節(jié)Intertarsal joints跗骨間關節(jié)Talocalcaneal joint 距跟關節(jié)Talocalcaneonavicular joint距跟舟關節(jié)Calcaneocuboid