初中英語閱讀理解2大丟分點

1、A woman in the US is able to speak for the first time in 11 years after a pioneering voice box transplant Brenda Jensen said the operation was a great success which had saved her lifeThirteen days after the surgery she said her first words: “Good morning, I want to go home”It is the first time a voi

2、ce box and windpipe have been transplanted at the same time and only the second time a voice box has ever been transplantedMsJensen, 52, had been unable to speak on her own since her voice box was damaged during surgery in 1999Since then, she has been unable to taste or smell food, could breathe onl

3、y through a hole in her windpipe and could talk only with the help of an electronic voice boxIn October, surgeons at the University of California Davis Medical Centre removed the voice box and 6cm of the windpipe from a donor bodyIn an 18-hour operation, this was transplanted into MsJensens throat a

4、nd the team connected it to her blood supply and nervesProfessor Martin from University College London, who was part of the surgery team, said: “Weve learned that we can repair nerves to make even very complex organs function again Itll open the door to better facial transplants and will be extremel

5、y important as tissue engineering develops”A voice box transplant might be life changing, but it is not life savingEveryone who receives a transplant must take drugs to control the immune system （免疫系統(tǒng)） for the rest of their lives These drugs can reduce life expectancy, so they are normally set aside

6、 for life saving proceduresOne of the reasons MsJensen was a suitable person for this transplant was that she was already taking immune controlling drugs after a kidney-pancreas transplant four years agoProfessor Peter , part of the surgical team, said: ” Brenda was an exceptional candidate for the

7、transplant because she was highly motivatedAnyone whos met Brenda knows that she is a strong and determined person with a great outlook on life in spite of the many physical challenges shes faced over her lifetimeWhich is the best title for the passage?ATransplant Saves A Womans LifeBOvercoming Obst

8、acles to Speak AgainCFirst Words from New Voice BoxDCourageous Woman Defeating Fears這是一篇高考模擬題的閱讀理解，其實初中高中在選擇文章標(biāo)題這類題型上的解題技巧是一致的，之所以選擇這篇文章，是因為它恰到好處的反應(yīng)了我們今天要闡述的解題技巧。這篇文章大多數(shù)同學(xué)選擇的B或D作為文章的標(biāo)題，理由是首先這兩個答案表述沒有錯誤，而且照顧到了文章后半部分表達(dá)出的對文章主人公精神的贊美，比較全面。而答案A則屬于錯誤表達(dá)，文章中明確提出A voice box transplant might be life changing,

9、 but it is not life saving。故A是不可取的。那么答案C很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為表達(dá)過于片面，不能完全體現(xiàn)文章后半部分所闡述的內(nèi)容。其實正確答案恰恰是C。就是因為學(xué)霸們后面的文章看懂了，所以選擇了一個自認(rèn)為照顧到文章全局的標(biāo)題。也恰恰因為沒有掌握這個重要的解題技巧，學(xué)霸們順利掉進了出題者設(shè)計的坑里。閱讀理解的技巧中非常重要的一點是在閱讀中迅速地抓住文章或段落的中心思想。而段落或文章的中心思想往往是通過段落中的主題句來體現(xiàn)的。因此了解并掌握這些規(guī)律，迅速找出主題句，從而抓住中心思想對于提高同學(xué)們的閱讀理解水平大有益處。1首句是主題句的規(guī)律文章首句是主題句通常出現(xiàn)在有例證、解釋或說明的

10、段落；為某一事物下定義的段落；對兩個或以上的事物作比較的段落以及表明因果(往往結(jié)果交代在前)的段落。主題句是首句的段落一般以概述開篇，再輔之以細(xì)說。而文章的題目也一般出現(xiàn)在開頭或段首，據(jù)專門研究閱讀技巧的專家統(tǒng)計，主題句或標(biāo)題出現(xiàn)在文章開頭的概率達(dá)到70%。甚至有些設(shè)題者為了迎合這一規(guī)律，通過修改文章把主題句或標(biāo)題隱含詞穿插在段首。而在選擇標(biāo)題或主題句時,通常是段落中某些詞的整合或原文同義替換詞的總結(jié)。上面那個例子之所以選C,首先它符合標(biāo)題一般出現(xiàn)在文章段首的規(guī)律，其次段首出現(xiàn)了speak for the first time after a pioneering voice box這些與答案

11、C First Words from New Voice Box意思相同的表達(dá)。2段落尾句是主題句的規(guī)律段尾有主題句的情況一般出現(xiàn)在作者要闡述一個不常見或令人難以接受的觀點的段落,旨在說服讀者相信其觀點。尾句是主題句的段落總是用歸納法撰寫的，先表述細(xì)節(jié)或論據(jù)，最后作出概括性的結(jié)論，以總結(jié)性的句子收尾。這種段尾主題句的情況相對段首主題句要少很多。綜上所述，同學(xué)們在解主題大意題時，可以參考以下幾點：1）認(rèn)真閱讀文章的第一段和每段的第一句。2）涉及到文章的主題時，作者往往有意識地反復(fù)論述。那么文中就會出現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)的中心詞，抓住中心詞，對我們把握主題有一定幫助。3）文章或段落的主題句通常會出現(xiàn)在一些標(biāo)志性

12、的提示詞后：例如：On the whole, in short, in a word, in brief, to sum up, to conclude ,therefore掌握了找主題句的方法后，就可以依據(jù)主題句歸納主題。但歸納主題容易出現(xiàn)以下三種錯誤，需要同學(xué)們格外注意：（1）以偏概全，只抓住了文章主題的一個側(cè)面就誤以為是真正的主題。（2）過于籠統(tǒng)，歸納的主題太泛泛，與文中事實細(xì)節(jié)嚴(yán)重脫節(jié)。（3）把自己的觀點強加給作者，有些同學(xué)往往根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗常識對文章進行判斷從而忽視了作者的觀點，這是閱讀大忌。另一個丟分點是閱讀理解中的推斷題。推理判斷題,也就是同學(xué)們在考試中經(jīng)常遇到的設(shè)問中帶有 ”i

13、nfer” 或其他判斷作者意圖的問題,這類題我們在英語大大小小的考試中見得很多,而且往往是同學(xué)們的失分點,究其原因,主要還是沒有掌握推理判斷題的具體分類和解題方法。首先，我們經(jīng)常在英語試卷中遇到的推斷判斷題主要有如下幾種：1針對事實的推斷這種推斷常常針對某個或某些具體的文中出現(xiàn)的事實細(xì)節(jié)，即文章中沒有明確提出的,但字里行間明確傳達(dá)了作者的意圖,這類是屬于比較顯而易見的推理.2針對劃線部分指代內(nèi)容的推斷確定文中某一劃線代詞的含義及其指代對象是近年來閱讀理解中常見的題目。要確定該代詞所指代的對象，關(guān)鍵在于對所在上下文的全面透徹的理解,這就對同學(xué)們提出了更高的要求,自然這類指代推斷題難度比事實推斷要

14、高一個層次。在這里,我們可以掌握一個小技巧：我們可以根據(jù)劃線部分代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來判斷指代內(nèi)容，因為指代詞與其指代的內(nèi)容應(yīng)保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。它可以作為識別指代對象一個輔助標(biāo)志。 例如代詞it，that，he，him或them等既可以指上文提到的人也可以指文中提到的物，但有的時候其指代的對象在文中相隔較遠(yuǎn)，需要認(rèn)真閱讀查找；甚至需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進行概括總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事，這種情況就屬于比較難的題目。 例如：In 1901, H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When th

15、e explorers landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the moon people they met. In turn, the moon people expressed their surprise. Why, they asked, are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use your inner space？ H.G.

16、Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the moon people asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking abou

17、t it . What does the underlined word it refer to？ ADiscovering the moons inner space BUsing the earths inner space CMeeting the moon people“ again DTraveling to outer space 由此可以看出it指上句中的the question，而the question又指第一段中月球人所提的問題。所以根據(jù)第一段中的問題Why are you traveling to outer space when you dont even use yo

18、ur inner space？就可以判斷出答案為B。3針對文中邏輯關(guān)系的推斷這類題目通常是要根據(jù)文章所提供的背景，作者的態(tài)度來推斷出人物的態(tài)度或感覺，所以需要同學(xué)們根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實細(xì)節(jié)、論點、例證等材料進行整合推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，注意一定是根據(jù)文中觀點得出的，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗、判斷或觀點去理解文章中作者的意思。這樣就犯了主觀臆斷的錯誤，是做推理判斷題的大忌。故做這類題時，同學(xué)們應(yīng)著重把握作者的寫作思路，預(yù)測下文可能發(fā)生的內(nèi)容?？赡苌婕笆录l(fā)展的經(jīng)過，也可能按因果, 對比關(guān)系來描寫。例題： We are in the computer age They are especia

19、lly useful in automatic control，data processing and solving complicated problems And they are finding their way into the home。 More and cleverer computers will continue to appearThey will run faster，have more functions and work much more skillfullyThey will take over more tasks from us，helping to ch

20、ange the face of our world However Which of the following statements will best continue the second paragraph？ A Computers will soon stop developing B Many people like computers very much C Computers are as clever as man D I do not think computers will replace us completely 解析 此題較容易，從文中可以看出作者采用了對比關(guān)系法來描寫，前面描寫了計算機的長處，一個However提示同學(xué)們下文將提出相反的觀點，故答案為D。4針對作者的意圖和態(tài)度的推斷這一類