文本分析加拿習definitions

1、DEFINITIONSNAVIGATIONDEFINITIONSMERIDIAN OF LONGITUDETrue meridians joins geographic polesMagnetic meridians joins magnetic polesPRIME MERIDIANGreenwich, England 0 Meridian on opposite side = 180th - International date lineLONGITUDEDegrees (from 0 to 180 E and W), minutes and seconds ”60 = 160” = 1D

2、EFINITIONSPARALLEL OF LATITUDECircle on earths surface whose planes lie parallel to equatorRuns east & westMeasured in degrees (from 0 to 90 N or S), minutes, and seconds”DEFINITIONSEQUATORGreat circle equidistant from the poles (0 degree latitude)GREAT CIRCLE Circle on the earths surface whose plan

3、e passes through center of globe and divides it in 2 equal partsMeridians and equator are respectively semi and complete great circleSMALL CIRCLEA circle on the earths surface that doesnt pass through the center of the globeDEFINITIONSRHUMB LINEA curved line on the earths surface which cuts all meri

4、dians at same angleAdvantage of following = constant headingParallels of latitude are rhumb linesMeridians and equator, rhumb lines as well as great circlesDEFINITIONSVARIATIONMagnetic meridians don t coincide with true meridiansAngle between true and magnetic meridian = magnetic variation (also kno

5、wn as magnetic declination)Not constant, changes from year to year = annual changeConvert true to magnetic:West is best, East is leastDEFINITIONSISOGONAL LINESLines on chart joining areas of equal variationnumbered east and west, according to compass variationnot straight lines due to magnetic field

6、s below the surface of the earthrepresented on charts by dashed linesDEFINITIONSAGONIC LINESPlaces where true and magnetic north are alignedLines that join places of 0 variationPasses approximately through Thunder Bay, OntarioEast of this line variation is westerly and west variation is easterlyCOMP

7、ASS ERROR: DEVIATIONAngle which compass needle is deflected from magnetic meridian Dont point towards magnetic north but towards compass northDue to influence of magnetic fields in aircraftConvert magnetic to compass:West is best, East is leastDEFINITIONSTRACKDirection an A/C intends to travel over

8、the ground Its direction = angle between this line and a meridian measured CW from 360Expressed in degrees true, magnetic or compassDEFINITIONSHEADINGDirection the nose of A/C is pointing, measured from a meridianExpressed in degrees from north (true, magnetic, or compass)DEFINITIONSAIRSPEEDIndicate

9、d Airspeed (IAS): A/C speed as indicated by the airspeed indicatorCalibrated Airspeed (CAS): IAS corrected for position and instrument errorTrue Airspeed (TAS): Speed of A/C relative to the air. CAS corrected for air density errorDEFINITIONSGROUNDSPEEDSpeed of A/C relative to the surface of the grou

10、nd.BEARINGAngle between the object seen by the observer and the observers meridianMeasured CW from true or magnetic north, or some reference point through 360DEFINITIONSPOSITIONAir Position: imaginary position, assuming no wind since A/C left the groundGround Position: distance and direction equal t

11、o speed and direction of wind for the length of the flying timeDEFINITIONSWINDIs an air in motion, especially a mass of air having a common direction or motionWind moves horizontallyWind velocity is the speed at which the air is moving (knots, MPH or KMH)DEFINITIONSDRIFTWind blowing from either side causes A/C to dri