商務(wù)交際英語Chapter2課件

1、English &Communication For Colleges 商務(wù)交際英語（上）Chapter 2 Communicating in a Diverse Workplace多元文化環(huán)境中的交際2-1 Cultural differences at Home and Abroad國內(nèi)外的文化差異Objectives Define “ cultural diversity “”muticultural ,”and “multinational” List population trends that indicate the U.S. work place is becoming mor

2、e multicultural . Identify three projections for the global workplace of the twenty-first century .List , describe, and give examples of differences among cultures . Cultural Diversity 文化多樣性Define “cultural diversity”、“multicultural”What contribute to cultural diversity of the U.S.A ?Cultural Divers

3、ity 文化多樣性（1）Define “cultural diversity”With cultural diversity , people from different backgrounds have different languages , customs values , manners , perceptions(觀念） , social structures , and decision-making practices（決策習(xí)慣） 由于文化的多元性，來自不同背景的人有不同的語言、風(fēng)俗、價(jià)值觀 、規(guī)矩，觀念、社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和決策習(xí)慣Cultural Diversity 文化多樣性（2

4、）Define “multicultural society”多元文化社會(huì)A society made up of people from many cultures . Members of those cultures all have different views of proper business etiquette(商務(wù)禮儀） , based on their upbringing（養(yǎng)育） and cultural traditions Cultural Diversity 文化多樣性（3）What contribute to cultural diversity of the

5、U.S.A ?There are at least 300 different cultures in the United States . Members of those cultures all have different views of proper business etiquette , based on their upbringing and cultural traditions . The U.S. Department of Labor predicts that African Americans （非裔美國人）, Hispanics拉美裔美國人 ), and A

6、sian Americans（亞裔美國人） will make up more than a quarter of the workforce by 2005 . The World as a Global Workplace 世界全球性的工作場(chǎng)所（1）Multinational companies 跨國公司Diversity in Your Own Global Workplace 全球工作場(chǎng)所的工作多樣性Projections for the Twenty-first Century 二十一世紀(jì)的展望The World as a Global Workplace 世界全球性的工作場(chǎng)所（2）

7、Multinational Companies 跨國公司A Multinational company is one that conducts business in two or more nations . The World as a Global Workplace 世界全球性的工作場(chǎng)所（3）Diversity in Your Own Global Workplace 全球工作場(chǎng)所的工作多樣性How to work effectively with others from different cultures ？ The first step is to recognize , un

8、derstand ,and accept differences , Then you must deal sentsitively with people from other backgrounds . The World as a Global Workplace 世界全球性的工作場(chǎng)所（4）Projections for the Twenty-first Century二十一世紀(jì)的展望Technology , estpecially the Internet , will enable more businesses to enter the global marketplace . T

9、here will be an explosive growth（爆炸性的發(fā)展） of companies doing business across borders . Continuing development of a world marketplace (世界市場(chǎng)）will require development of an international workforce . Cultural Difference 文化差異（1）Language Differences 語言差異Body Language 身體語言Facial Expressions面部表情Personal Spac

10、e 個(gè)人空間Business Cards 明信片 Cultural differences can be the barriers to communication . The Challenge is knowing what words and actions will be perceived as “respectful and helpful “Cultural Difference 文化差異（2）Language Differences 語言差異People all over the world speak more than 3,000 language . Languages

11、widely used in the USA & in the world (P41)Cultural Difference 文化差異（3）Body language The hand movements(手勢(shì)） , posture（姿勢(shì)）, and facial expressions （面部表情）that accompany the words Gestures are not universal 手勢(shì)、姿勢(shì)、動(dòng)作并不是世界通用的Cultural Difference 文化差異（3） Difference in Body LanguageOKGood, go ahead etc. for

12、AmericanWorthless, zero etc. forFrenchObscene, lewd（淫蕩的、好色）etc. for other countriesFeetFor （Islamic伊斯蘭教的）, its unclean and showing soles（腳底） of feet is rudeDo not cross your feet at the ankle YesTilt傾斜 the head to either side for GreekNoNod slightly the head upward / lift the eyebrows for Greek.Cult

13、ural Difference 文化差異（4）Facial ExpressionsEye contact (P41)Handshake (P42)Smile Cultural Difference 文化差異（4） SMILEMiddle EasternersTo sooth（安慰） sb. to avoid conflict（沖突）FrenchGiving inappropriate intrusion （干擾、侵犯）when smile at a person on the street.AsianMeaning happy, sad, apologetic, angry, frustrat

14、ed, thankful & confused.Some culturesNot be truly understoodCultural Difference 文化差異（5） Personal SpaceAmerican & West Europeans18 inches to 3 feetMiddle Easterners (same sex), Mediterranean（地中海地區(qū)） & Hispanics（拉美地區(qū)）Less than 18 inchesChineseVery limited, comfortable with physical closenessMost of res

15、t of the worldMore than 3 feetCultural Difference 文化差異（6）Business cards Americans are casual with business cards Chinese people taqke business cards very seriously and exchange them early in a meeting Asian dont offer the card until being asked or may appear too aggressive .Japan : （P43）Cultural Div

16、ersity 文化多樣性（3）What contribute to cultural diversity of the U.S.A ?Hispanics（A Hispanics is a citizen of the United States of America who or whose family originally came from Spanish-speaking countries which are most Latin America拉美裔美國人 ),Key Phrases and sentence structures (P38, Pa.2)Accommodating

17、peoples experiences and ideas is one of the greatest challenges in the culturally diverse workplace 接納人們的經(jīng)歷與想法是文化多元性的職場(chǎng)里的巨大挑戰(zhàn)(P38. Pa4) The same is true for上述情況也出現(xiàn)在/上述情況也適用于 immigrants from Eastern Europe and other areas 上述情況也適用在來自東歐及其他國家的移民身上。Key Phrases and sentence structures （P42, Pa.1 of Person

18、al Space )The size of a persons personal space varies depending upon personal preference and cultural background . 個(gè)人空間大小是根據(jù)個(gè)人的喜好與文化背景而變化的。1. Our _ is located in Shanghai. headquarters b. headquarter c. quarter d. headquart2. Which country perceive OK sign as poor manners, and what does it mean ther

19、e? a. France, obscene comment b. America, verbal c. America lewd comment d. France, worthless3. Most American prefer to stand _ when talking to others. a. less than 18 inches b. more than 3 feet c. 18 inches to 3 feet d. closer than a couple of feetAnswers: 1A; 2D; 3C Exercise 2-14. What is cultural

20、 diversity? Cultural diversity is the different languages, customs, values, manners, perceptions, social structure, and decision making practices that people from different backgrounds have.5. Why is the American workplace likely to become an increasingly multicultural? A million people immigrate to

21、 the united states eachyear. More than 20 million existing US residents were born in other countries. As these people enter the workforce, they create cultural diversity.Exercise 2-16. How will the continuing development of a global marketplace affect American workers? The global marketplace makes i

22、t more likely that Americans will deal with people from other countries or cultures. Americans are beginning toexpect to be able to deal with people from all over the world.7.（E-C英譯中) In spite of a smiles different meaning, it is still the best sign of general goodwill. Dont forget to use it, especi

23、ally when being introduced to people. 盡管微笑有不同的含義，但它還是表達(dá)善意的最好方式。不要忘記微笑，尤其是當(dāng)你被介紹給別人的時(shí)候。 Exercise 2-12-2 Effective Cross- Cultural Communication 有效的跨文化交流Objectives Define “cross-cultural communication”List and explain four guideline to help people communicate effectively across cultures Identify strate

24、gies for effective global communication cross-cultural communication Cross cultural communication occurs when two individuals from different cultures communicate , whether verbally , nonverbally , or in writing . They dont belong to the same culture , whey dont share the same assumptions , values ,b

25、eliefs , feeling , or ways of thinking and behaving . Guidelines for Cross-Cultural Communication (1)Guideline1 Learn about and accept cultural differences 了解并接納文化差異Use internet sources Read books and magazines about other cultures See foreign movies and videos .Take every opportunity to talk to peo

26、ple from different countries. Guidelines for Cross-Cultural Communication Guidelines 2 Be sensitive toward people from other cultures 慎重對(duì)待來自不同文化的人Avoid generalizations about groups of people . Avoid discussion about politics , religion, and any other potentially sensitive issues敏感事情 during business

27、conversations Be sensitive to ethnic種族 , religious宗教 ,and moral values道德價(jià)值 of others . Guidelines for Cross-Cultural Communication Guidelines 3 Be prepare for language barriers and get past them 克服語言障礙 Dealing sensitively with other employees whose first language is not English makes the workplace a

28、 more comfortable place. Guidelines 4 Keep messages simple and short 信息要簡短 In written messages , use short sentences and paragraphs .Avoid slang , jargon , abbreviations and acronyms .Guidelines for Cross-Cultural Communication Be prepare for language barriers and get past them 克服語言障礙Keep messages s

29、imple and short 信息要簡短Strategies for Global Communication 全球性交流的策略Be adaptable適應(yīng)，調(diào)整Use your best English-speaking habits Do not use acronyms首字母縮略詞， slang俚語 ,and jargon行話Be aware of a cultures forms of nonverbal communication Use Visual aids Recongnize that people from cultures other than your own hav

30、e different assumptions認(rèn)識(shí)到來自不同于你自己的文化的人會(huì)有不同的假設(shè) Be careful about using humor Maintain personal contact Key Phrases and sentence structures（P46,Pa1)Avoid generalizations概述化，一概而論 about groups of people . 避免對(duì)各種群體一概而論（P46.Pa2) Be sensitive to對(duì)謹(jǐn)慎、小心 ethnic , religious ,and moral values of others 對(duì)待他人的種族、宗

31、教、道德觀念要小心謹(jǐn)慎Key Phrases and sentence structures（P46,Pa3) Dealing sensitively with和小心相處/對(duì)小心處理 other employees whose first language is not English makes the workplace a more comfortable place . 和那些第一語言不是英語的人小心相處，這讓辦公環(huán)境成為更加舒適的地方。1. We will _ the road tomorrow. a. go b. take c. hit d. walkAnswer: C2. How

32、 can cultural differences become communication barriers? Speaking English with someone whose first language is not English can result in a communication barrier. Also, barriers occur when communicating with someone who simply has different beliefs, customs, or values. Exercise 2-22-3Other Diversitie

33、s in the Workplace 工作場(chǎng)所的多樣性O(shè)bjectivesList benefits of diversity in the workplace. Recognize types of diversity in the workplace and understand the challenges diversity creates . Use communication tips for handling diversity. Benefits of Diversity It is well established(證實(shí)） that , over time隨著時(shí)間推移 , h

34、eterogeneous混合的、多種類的 groups outperform優(yōu)勝于 homogeneous同質(zhì)的 groups . They are better at problem solving , better at decision making , and better at generating creative ideas . 經(jīng)查證：隨著時(shí)間推移，異質(zhì)團(tuán)體優(yōu)勝于同質(zhì)團(tuán)體，他們更善于解決問題、更善于決策、更善于產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)意。The source or nature of diversity can help make our work relationships smoother

35、and more productive具有創(chuàng)造性的. 多樣性的資源與性質(zhì)有助于使我們工作關(guān)系更加順暢、更加有創(chuàng)造性。types of diversity in the workplaceDifferences in Culture and nationality Race or ethnicity 種族Gender 性別Physical abilities 體能Social class 社會(huì)階層Age 年齡Socioeconomic status 社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位Religion 宗教Personality個(gè)性 the challenges diversityAffect communicatio

36、n; Stereotype A stereotype is an oversimplified belief about a group of people 定勢(shì)，固定印象，固定的形式Diversity Tips a. Diversity has levels & complexities b. Not separate people c. Admit what you dont know d. Notice how people call themselves e. Not make assumption f. Not patronize people g. Not doubt the au

37、thenticity h. Have your biases changed i. Replace judgment with fact j. Choose proper reference k. Use parallel titles and terms l. Think about the use of “we” m. Not use judgment words n. Have sb. review your workKey Phrases and sentence structures（P51，Last Pa.) Even if you are not exposed to面對(duì)，接觸到

38、 international diversity ,your coworkers probably come from different ethnic backgrounds , practice different religions ,and hold different views on politics , work , and problem solving . 即使你沒有接觸到國際多元性，你的同事可能來自不同的種族背景，有不同的宗教、對(duì)政治、工作、解決問題有不同的看法。It is important not to patronize or _ people who do not

39、speak your language fluently. look down on b. talk down to c. look into d. look up on2. What does “heterogeneous” and “homogeneous” mean?dissimilar and domestic b. dissimilar and creativec. dissimilar and similar d. dissimilar and harmoniousAnswer: A; C3.（E-C ) Communication skills are especially im

40、portant when you communicate with people of diverse backgrounds. In addition to just writing or speaking effectively, you need to add elements of sensitivity, understanding and tolerance in your communication. 在與來自不同文化背景的人進(jìn)行交流時(shí),交流技巧尤為重要.在交流中,不僅需要有有效的寫和說的能力,還要有感知力,理解力和忍耐力。 Exercise 2-34. (E-C) Compan

41、y executives as well as all levels of employees must be committed to what is called a culture of inclusiveness- an environment in which peoples differences are not just accepted, but welcomed. 公司的主管以及各級(jí)雇員都有責(zé)任營造一種包容性的文化氛圍，即人們的文化差異不僅被接收，而且受歡迎的環(huán)境。 Exercise 2-32-4 Working effectively in Teams 團(tuán)隊(duì)有效工作Obje

42、ctives Identify five stages in effective team development Name and describe five roles needed for effective teams List qualities shared by successful teams Define “virtual team Workplace Teams How important are the workplace teams in American companies ? Workplace teams are a trend in American compa

43、nies . From manufacturing to service industries , nearly every organization realizes the benefits of using teams to increase productivity and to be competitive in the marketplace . Effective Work Teams Five stages in effective team development ?S1-learn about each other; S2-get down to work;S3-clari

44、fy members roles & task; S4-carry out its workS5-develop its own identity形成自己的團(tuán)隊(duì)特征five roles needed for effective teams A. Team membershipbased on function, purpose or individual expertise B. *Characteristicsleader, challenger, doer, thinker & supporter (consult P.57)Qualities Shared By Successful TeamsMember have a shared team vision and a commitment to clear , challenging objectives . Work is done in a supportive atmosphere . There is a strong , positive group iden