2022年考研考博-考博英語-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號51

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題You had better _ teasing these newcomers, for that will hurt their feeling.問題1選項A.leave offB.leave behindC.leave outD.leave for【答案】A【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項leave off“漏掉；停止”；B選項leave behind“永遠離開；留下；落后”；C選項leave out“排除；不考慮”

2、；D選項leave for“出發(fā)前往（某地）；把留給（某人）做；把留在（另一時間做）”。句意：你最好_取笑這些新來的人，那樣會傷害他們的感情。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是不要取笑別人，A選項leave off“停止”符合題意。因此A選項正確。2.單選題The _ of Confucius built the temple in memory of their ancestor.問題1選項A.descendantsB.predecessorsC.correspondentsD.opponents【答案】A【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項descendants“后代，晚輩”；B選項predeces

3、sors“前任；前一代”；C選項correspondents“通訊員”；D選項opponents“對手”。句意：孔子的_建造這座廟來紀念他們的祖先。根據(jù)語境，在這里孔子的后代紀念孔子比較合理，A選項descendants“后代，晚輩”符合題意。因此A選項正確。3.單選題If you play with electricity, you may get an electric _.問題1選項A.strikeB.beatC.shockD.knock【答案】C【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項strike“擊，打，踢；打擊”；B選項beat“有規(guī)律的敲擊（聲）；（音樂、詩歌等的）節(jié)拍”；C選項

4、shock“電擊”，electric shock；D選項knock“敲，擊；（常為無意地）碰，撞”。句意：如果你玩弄電，就可能會_。根據(jù)語境，這里指被電打到，C選項shock“電擊”符合題意。因此C選項正確。4.翻譯題(1) Stan Belin (斯坦貝林) was born in the 1930s to an urban family locked in the grip of the Great Depression. His was a fractured family, one in which his parents fought constantly. I lived with

5、 a feeling of impending doom, he says. This fear drove him to be a model child.Stan has a vivid memory of once leaning against a bridge railing as a boy and gazing at a handsome party boat passing below. He could see people on deck enjoying their outing. (2) It was a scene of comfort and luxury he c

6、ould hardly have imagined. That mental picture influenced the boys idea of success. His goals became money, power, and prestige.Stan did well in school. He found his greatest academic success in his science courses. But he lacked the confidence to pursue a medical career and turned to dentistry as a

7、 quicker route to his lifes goals.(3) He married a young woman he had known since high school, and for over 20 years Stan and Jane lived a life that many people would envy. His reputation spread, the money started rolling in and he was appointed to a prestigious position by his state government. Two

8、 healthy children were born.(4) The family had a magnificent house, expensive automobiles and took exotic vacations.The crowning touch for Stan came when he bought a luxury yacht and sailed to the bridge where, as a child, he had first glimpsed what he hoped would be his future. “I told Jane the sto

9、ry,” he says. (5) “As I spoke, I realized that something was all wrong. I possessed everything I had ever dreamed of, but I felt very sad and hopeless. What was worse, I knew it would never change.”Then in the early 1980s, a doctor friend invited Stan to dinner. The friend said he had been using coc

10、aine as an antidepressant. He described it as a marvelous no addictive drug. Stan decided the drug might be just right for his own depression.【答案】1. 斯坦貝林出生于20世紀30年代一個陷入經(jīng)濟大蕭條困境之中的城市家庭。2. 這種舒適與奢侈的情景是他無法想象的。這一情景銘刻在他的腦海里，影響著他對成功的看法。3. 他娶了一位中學(xué)時代就認識的女子為妻，20多年來，他和妻子簡過著令人稱羨的生活。4. 他們有華麗的住宅和昂貴的汽車，還常常出國度假。5. 說

11、話時，我忽然意識到情況很不對勁。我已擁有曾經(jīng)夢寐以求的一切，但卻感到悲傷無望。更糟糕的是，我知道這種狀況將永遠不會改變。5.單選題The director was critical_ the way we were doing the work.問題1選項A.ofB.withC.atD.in【答案】A【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：主任對我們工作的方式提出了批評。be critical of sb./sth.“對某人/某事批判”，A選項of符合題意。其余選項用法錯誤。因此A選項正確。6.單選題He was _ about the spring outing but be came ba

12、ck quite depressed and said he shouldnt have joined in it.問題1選項A.courageousB.discouragedC.enthusiasticD.fantastic【答案】C【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項courageous“勇敢的”；B選項discouraged“灰心的”；C選項enthusiastic“熱衷的；熱烈的”；D選項fantastic“極好的；富于想象的”。句意：他本來_于春游，但回來時卻很沮喪，說他不應(yīng)該參加春游。根據(jù)語境，這里指在春游之前他對此非常激動和期待，C選項enthusiastic“熱衷的”符合

13、題意。因此C選項正確。7.單選題That radio company is so big that it has a lot of _ in foreign countries.問題1選項A.introducersB.instructorsC.conductorsD.agents【答案】D【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項introducers“介紹人；創(chuàng)始者”；B選項instructors“教練；教師”；C選項conductors“（交響樂、合唱的）指揮；列車員”；D選項agents“代理商”。句意：那家廣播公司很大，所以在國外有很多_。根據(jù)語境，D選項agents“代理商”和radi

14、o company搭配比較合理，符合題意。因此D選項正確。8.單選題The words of his old teacher left a _ impression on his mind. He is still influenced by them.問題1選項A.lastingB.liberalC.longD.lively【答案】A【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項lasting“持久的；永恒的”；B選項liberal“開明的；大方的”；C選項long“長時間的”；D選項lively“活躍熱情的；充滿趣味的”。句意：他以前的老師的話給他留下了_印象。他仍然受到他們的影響。根據(jù)語境，

15、很長的時間以后他都受老師言語的影響，lasting impression為固定短語，A選項lasting“持久的；永恒的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。9.單選題Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group

16、 of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time for which the eyes stopthe duration of the fixationvaries considerably from person to person. It also varies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermor

17、e, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises ha

18、ve been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side.

19、 Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but its one thing to improve a persons ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to r

20、ead a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would see

21、m unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts EXCEPT _.2. The author may believe that reading _.3. What does the author mean by saying “but its one thing to improve a persons ability to see words and quite another thing

22、 to improve his ability to read a text efficiently” in Paragraph 2?4. Which of the following is NOT true?5. The tune of the author in writing this article is _.問題1選項A.the length of a group of wordsB.lighting and tirednessC.ones familiarity with the textD.ones purpose in reading問題2選項A.demands a deepl

23、y-participating mindB.demands more mind than eyesC.requires a reader to take in more words at each fixationD.requires a reader to see words more quickly問題3選項A.The reading exercises mentioned cant help to improve an efficient reading.B.The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve o

24、nes ability to see words.C.The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted.D.The reading exercises mentioned cant help to improve both the ability to see and to comprehend words.問題4選項A.The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.B.The eye training will help

25、readers in reading a continuous text.C.The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time.D.Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training.問題5選項A.pessimisticB.optimisticC.criticalD.neutral【答案】第1題:A第2題:A第3題:A第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.【試題答案】A【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句It also varies within

26、any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.（每個人的閱讀目的和對文本的熟悉程度也不同。此外，它還會受到光照和疲勞等因素的影響。），可知識別廣度受閱讀目的、對文本的熟悉程度、光照和疲勞的影響，B選項“光照和疲勞”、C選項“對課文的熟悉程度”和D選項“閱讀的目的”符合文章內(nèi)容，A選項“一組單詞的長度”不符合文章內(nèi)容。因此A選

27、項正確。2.【試題答案】A【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words.（閱讀需要理解單詞之間的關(guān)系。），可知作者認為記單詞需要頭腦去理解，A選項“需要大腦的深度參與”正確。根據(jù)第二段第一句Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page

28、.（不幸的是，在過去，許多閱讀提高課程過于關(guān)注我們的眼睛如何在印刷的頁面上移動。），可知作者不贊同純視覺訓(xùn)練的方法，C選項“要求讀者在每一個固定位置都要接收更多的單詞”和D選項“要求讀者提高看單詞的速度”錯誤。B選項“需要的更多是頭腦而不是眼睛”：作者沒有提到更多需要頭腦還是眼睛參與。因此A選項正確。3.【試題答案】A【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段五、六句the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but its one t

29、hing to improve a persons ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.（讀者在每次連續(xù)固定的時候會看到更多的單詞。所有這些練習(xí)都很巧妙，但提高一個人看單詞的能力是一回事，提高他有效閱讀的能力是另一回事。），可知這個方法可以提高看單詞的能力，但是不能提高有效閱讀的能力，A選項“文中提到的閱讀練習(xí)不能幫助提高閱讀效率”正確，D選項“文中提到的閱讀練習(xí)不能幫助提高看單詞和理解單詞的能力”錯誤。B選項“文中提到的閱讀練習(xí)對提高看清單

30、詞的能力起到了很大的作用”：原文沒有說這個練習(xí)在多大程度上提高了看清單詞的能力，這里更多是在強調(diào)這個練習(xí)方法的不足之處。C選項“當(dāng)進行有效閱讀時，不需要有看單詞的能力”：文中沒有提到。因此A選項正確。4.【試題答案】B【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem u

31、nlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.（許多專家現(xiàn)在開始質(zhì)疑視力訓(xùn)練的有效性，特別是因為任何訓(xùn)練閱讀孤立的單詞和短語的方法似乎不太可能幫助閱讀連續(xù)的文本。），可知D選項“許多專家開始質(zhì)疑眼部訓(xùn)練的效率”符合文章內(nèi)容；這種純視覺的訓(xùn)練方法對閱讀連續(xù)的文本不太有幫助，A選項“強調(diào)純視覺方面是有誤導(dǎo)性的”符合文章內(nèi)容，B選項“眼睛訓(xùn)練將幫助讀者閱讀連續(xù)的文本”不符合文章內(nèi)容。C選項“視覺廣度是我們每次看到的一個詞或一組詞”：根據(jù)第一段第四、五句Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. T

32、his is known as the recognition span or the visual span.（每次他們注視時，我們都會看到一組單詞。這被稱為識別廣度或視覺廣度。），可知符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項正確。5.【試題答案】C【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。作者在第一段提出我們是如何閱讀的和什么因素會影響閱讀，第二段提出純視覺的訓(xùn)練如何進行以及效果，最后轉(zhuǎn)而提出這個訓(xùn)練不能提高閱讀能力，并且許多專家開始質(zhì)疑這個訓(xùn)練的有效性，所以C選項“批判的”正確。A選項“悲觀的”，B選項“樂觀的”和D選項“中立的”不符合題意。因此C選項正確。10.翻譯題Parents of wailing babies,

33、 take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents legs. Throughout the animal kingdom, babies know how to get their parents attention. Exactly why evolution has produced all this fussing, squawking and tapping is a question many

34、 biologists are trying to answer.(1) Someday, that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. “It may point researchers in the right direction to find the causes of excessive crying,” said Joseph Soltis, a bioacoustics expert at Disneys Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista, F

35、lorida. Soltis published an article on the evolution of crying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.Young animals vary in how much they cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents, and studies with mice, beetles and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on gen

36、es.Some level of crying in humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. (2) But as for the genetic contribution, you might expect that natural selection would favor genes for noisier children, since they would get more attention.Before long, however, this sort of deception may be ruin

37、ous. If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. (3) Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertisements.Some biologists have speculated that these honest advertisem

38、ents may not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also show their parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra investment.The babies of rhesus macaque monkeys cry out to their mothers and tend to cry even more around the time their mothers wean (斷奶) t

39、hem. The mothers, in response, begin to ignore most of their babies distress calls, since most turn out to be false alarms.“Initially, mothers respond any time an infant cries,” said Dario Maestripieri, a primatologist at the University of Chicago, (4) “But as the cries increase, they respond less a

40、nd less. They become more skeptical. So infants start crying less. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses.”Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymouth in England, has spent more than a decade observing chimpanzee babies. “Chimps can cry for a long time if something te

41、rrible is happening to them, but when you pick them up, they stop,” Bard said. “Ive never seen any chimpanzees in the first three months of life be inconsolable.”Maestripieri and other researchers say these evolutionary forces may have also shaped the cries of human babies. “All primate infants cry,

42、” Maestripieri said. (5) “Its a very conserved behavior. Its not something humans have evolved on their own.”【答案】1. 有一天，也許這個答案會解開人類嬰兒哭泣之謎。2. 但說到基因方面的原因，你可能會認為自然選擇會傾向于吵鬧的孩子的基因，因為他們會得到更多的關(guān)注。3. 因此，有的進化生物學(xué)家提出，自然選擇會傾向于所謂的誠實宣傳。4. 但隨著叫聲越來越多，母親的反應(yīng)也越來越少，因為她們開始懷疑哭聲的真實性。所以嬰兒的嗷叫隨之變少。5. “這是一種非常保守的行為。這不是人類自己進化出來的

43、?！?1.單選題There was a traffic jam, but she _ get to the destination in time.問題1選項A.couldB.mightC.ought toD.was able to【答案】D【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項could“能夠（原本就具有某種能力）”；B選項might“也許會”；C選項ought to“應(yīng)該（表示期望或可能發(fā)生的事或表示勸告或建議）”；D選項was able to“能夠（通過努力可以具備某種能力或?qū)崿F(xiàn)某種狀態(tài)，強調(diào)有努力的過程）”。句意：雖然發(fā)生了交通擁堵，但她_及時到達目的地。根據(jù)語境，這里指即使因為交通

44、擁堵及時到達目的地存在困難，但是她依然辦到了，D選項was able to符合題意。因此D選項正確。12.單選題It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are _ free medical care.問題1選項A.entitled toB.involved inC.associated withD.assigned to【答案】A【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項entitled to“有權(quán)享有；有的資格”；B選項involved in“涉及”；C選項associated with“與有關(guān)”；D選項assigned

45、 to“被分配給”。句意：眾所周知，我國的退休工人_免費醫(yī)療。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是退休工人有免費醫(yī)療的權(quán)利，A選項entitled to“有權(quán)享有；有的資格”符合題意。因此A選項正確。13.單選題The end _ the means. This saying implies even a wrong or unfair method may be allowed if the result or purpose of the action is good.問題1選項A.modifiesB.justifiesC.purifiesD.testifies【答案】B【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。

46、A選項modifies“稍作修改，使更適合；修飾”；B選項justifies“證明有理”；C選項purifies“凈化”；D選項testifies“（在法庭上）作證；證實”。句意：結(jié)果_方法。這句話的意思是，如果行為的結(jié)果或目的是好的，即使方法錯誤或不公平也可以被允許。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是結(jié)果會證明方法的合理性，B選項justifies“證明有理”符合題意。因此B選項正確。14.單選題Please give my best _ to your family.問題1選項A.noticeB.attentionC.regardsD.cares【答案】C【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項noti

47、ce“察覺；通知”；B選項attention“注意力”；C選項regards“用在（best regards）和（with kind regards）等表達方式中，表示對某人的良好祝愿”；D選項cares“關(guān)注”。句意：請代我向你的家人_。根據(jù)語境，這里是禮貌用語，表達對他人的關(guān)心，C選項regards符合題意。因此C選項正確。15.單選題During these ten years, many new methods have been _ in the field of foreign language teaching.問題1選項A.adoptedB.adaptedC.alarmedD.

48、aided【答案】A【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項adopted“采用”；B選項adapted“使適合（新用途、新情況）；適應(yīng)（新情況）”；C選項alarmed“使驚恐；給（門等）安裝警報器”；D選項aided“幫助”。句意：在這十年中，外語教學(xué)領(lǐng)域_許多新的方法。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是提出許多在外語教學(xué)領(lǐng)域上的新方法，A選項adopted“采用”符合題意。因此A選項正確。16.單選題Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the

49、nineteenth century scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental t

50、ravelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay under the surface. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of

51、a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineer had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s,

52、 Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was

53、 the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceano

54、graphy was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.1. The passage i

55、mplies that the telegraph cable was built mainly _.2. It was _ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.3. The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was _.4. “Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means _.5. This passage is mainly about _.問題1選項A.for business considerationsB.for inve

56、stigating the depths of the oceansC.for oceanographic studiesD.for military purposes問題2選項A.those who earned a living from the seaB.the company which proposed to lay an undersea cableC.the American NavyD.some early intercontinental travelers問題3選項A.to estimate the length of cable that was to be madeB.

57、to measure the depths of two oceansC.to make some sound experiments in the oceansD.to collect samples of sea plants and animals問題4選項A.“challenged”B.“agreed to”C.“doubted”D.“gave proof to”問題5選項A.the Investigation of ocean depthsB.the early intercontinental communicationsC.the beginnings of oceanograp

58、hyD.the laying of the first undersea cable【答案】第1題:A第2題:B第3題:B第4題:A第5題:C【解析】1.【試題答案】A【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was propo

59、sed.（當(dāng)提出要鋪設(shè)一條從歐洲到美洲的海底電報電纜時，出于商業(yè)動機，人們第一次不得不盡可能以商業(yè)結(jié)果為導(dǎo)向來回答“海底是什么？”的問題。），可知鋪設(shè)電報電纜主要考慮的是商業(yè)上帶來的利益，根據(jù)利益來看是否要鋪設(shè)，A選項“出于商業(yè)考慮”正確，B選項“為了考查海洋的深度”和C選項“用于海洋學(xué)研究”錯誤。D選項“出于軍事目的”：文中沒有提到。因此A選項正確。2.【試題答案】B【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for inform

60、ation on this matter.（1853年，大西洋電報公司向美國海軍的莫里尋求有關(guān)此事的信息。），可知B選項“建議鋪設(shè)海底電纜的公司”正確。A選項“靠海洋為生的人”，C選項“美國海軍”和D選項“一些早期的洲際旅行者”不符合題意。因此B選項正確。3.【試題答案】B【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlan