精品-高中英語語法通霸-7定語從句語法?？键c專項總結(jié)歸納講解與高考真題詳細分類練習題及答案

1、文檔編碼 : CJ4P3B2R3T6 HA4P4X7X1V8 ZM4S2R4Q6D5精品文檔第七章 定語從句相關(guān)概念主句、從句、關(guān)系詞 例句： This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition. 主句 ：在含有定語從句的復合句中,除去定語從句后 的部分,是句子的主句；例句中,This is the boy.是主句； 定語從句： 相當于形容詞, 修飾主句中的一個名詞或whose 可以指人也可以指物；He was a painter whose pictures were not well- know

2、n in his life time. The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year. 關(guān)系代詞作賓語時可以省略；I like the meal that/which / we had last night. Do you know the boy who/whom/that/ we talked about just now. 注：（）表示關(guān)系代詞省略代詞（有時修飾整個主句,相當于主句的一個定關(guān)系副詞語；） 例句中, who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition 是

3、定語從句, 修飾 the boy； 先行詞： 先行詞就是被定語從句修飾的名詞等,它總關(guān)系副詞在從句中只能作狀語；when 指時間,where 指地點, why 指緣由, how 不能作關(guān)系詞； 如：We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. 是顯現(xiàn)在定語從句的前面；例句中, the boyHe has reached the point where a change is needed. 是先行詞； That is no reason why you should leave. 關(guān)系詞：

4、關(guān)系詞指用來引導定語從句的詞,分為關(guān)系This is the way how I did it. how不能作關(guān)系詞 代詞和關(guān)系副詞；例句中, who 是關(guān)系代詞； 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)關(guān)系詞的三個作用1. 用合適的關(guān)系詞完成句子；作定語從句的一個句子成分；P. 錯誤 .未定義書The man _ /_ was here yesterday is a painter. The man _ /_ /_ /_ I saw is called 起著連接主句和從句的作用（參看Smith. 簽；錯誤 .未找到引用源；）；A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.

5、代指被修飾的先行詞；（例句中,who 作定語從句的主語,同時起著連接作用,在意思上,指代的是前面的先行詞 the boy；）I d like a room _ window looks out over the sea. A letter _ /_ is written in pencil is hard to read. The letter _ / _ /_ I received from him yesterday is very important. 關(guān)系代詞sThat is the boy _ / _ / _ / _ you are looking for. 指人時可以用who, 也

6、可用 that；Do you know the reason _ he was late for the meeting？Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate. This is the school _ I used to study. The man who/that was killed in the accident is Tomuncle. I still remember the day _ we met for the first time. 指物時可以用 which, 也可用 that；I like visiting place

7、s which/that are not far away. How do you like the film which/tha t was shown last Sunday. 精品文檔2. 用符號標出以下句子的主句、定語從句、先行詞和 關(guān)系詞；主句： _ 定語從句 :（）精品文檔先行詞：先行詞關(guān)系詞：fluently in our class. s sister.例： This is the book that I have been looking for. The girl who you met was JohnThere is no reason why we shouldnt

8、be friends.The movie that we saw last night is very exciting. Have you bought the book which we talked about ？I still remember the day which we spent together last week. He still lives in the house whose windows face south. The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most They arrived in the

9、early morning when the sky was still dark. The days were gone when we had to travel on horses. Is this the hospital where you were born. 關(guān)系詞的選擇選用哪個關(guān)系詞,關(guān)鍵是看關(guān)系詞在定語從句 中作什 么成分含有定語從句的復合句可以分為兩部分：主句 和從句；關(guān)系詞是定語從句的一個成分；選用關(guān)系詞, 要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作什么成分,而不是看先行詞是什么詞性；仍：依據(jù)先行詞提示的意思, 大膽地把定語從句仍原答疑 qq 329950885為完整的一句話； （可以添詞

10、）替換：用關(guān)系詞替換定語從句中仍原后添加的部分,作主語和賓語用關(guān)系代詞,作狀語用關(guān)系副詞；（時間狀語用 when,地點狀語用where, 緣由狀語用why ）（同中學時做的 “對畫線部分提問” 相像,該用what 的時候用 which/that 即可）He worked in the factory which produces TV sets. He worked in the factory where his father had worked. I like the school which is near to my home. I like the school where my

11、sister studies. 在句 1 和句 2 中,先行詞前都有 in, 但關(guān)系詞有用例如：This is the school _ I once studied. This is the school _ is the most famous in the city. I am studying at a school _ my father teaches English. which 也有用 where 的；the school, 但關(guān)系詞找：（略）在句 3 和句 4 中,先行詞都是仍原：依據(jù)先行詞的提示,這三句話的定語從句仍原有用 which 也有用 where 的；因此,我們可以

12、看出,對關(guān)系詞起準備性作用的并成完整的一句話后分別為：I once studied at the school . 不是先行詞；The school is the most famous in the city. 在句 1 和句 3 中,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中都是作主語,因此用的都是關(guān)系代詞 which ；在句 2 和句 4 中,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中都是作狀語,因此都是用關(guān)系副詞 where；我們可以看出,用哪個關(guān)系詞,主 要看關(guān)系詞在定My father teaches English at the school . 粗斜體部分為依據(jù)先行詞的意思把關(guān)系詞仍原后的 部分；替換：依據(jù)“ 對畫線部分提問

13、” 的規(guī)章, 1.和 3.用 where, 2.本該用 what, 在定語從句中該用 what 的要 換為 which/that ； 作什么成分 ；（參看本因此,答案為：1.where；2. that/which ；3. where 選用關(guān)系詞的方法：一“ 找” 二“ 仍” 三“ 替換 ”關(guān)系詞一般要位于定語從句的句首找：就是找出主句、從句、先行詞和關(guān)系詞；【2022 江西】 The house I grew up _ has been 章第 1 講）taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that

14、 D. in which 精品文檔精品文檔答案與分析： A 沒有關(guān)系詞, 不能連接兩句話；C 介詞后不能用 that；D 關(guān)系詞一般不位于句末；而 B 可以看作是關(guān)系代詞作賓語、放在句首并且省略了；因此選 B；利用一 “ 找” 二“ 仍”三 “ 替換 ” 的方法選擇關(guān)系詞Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work. A. that B. what C. how D. why Is this the reason _ he was so careless in his work

15、. A. that B. what C. how D. why The reason _ he didnwas _ he was ill. A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what He lives in a village _ is not far from the city. A. which B. where C. what D. whose I ll never forget the days _ we studied together. A. that B. / C. when D. A and B

16、I ll never forget the days _ we spent together. A. that B. / C. when D. A and B If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways _ do not do harm to other living things. A. in which B. / C. how D. that Is this the factory _ color TV sets are produced. A. when B. the one where C. that

17、 D. in which Is this factory _ color TV sets are produced. A. which B. the one where C. that D. in which This is the factory _ produces color TV sets. A. where B. the one where C. that D. in which 【 2022 天津】 Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars He lives in the village _ he was born. for a haircut

18、. s _ I go. Its onlyA. which B. where You should try the barberC. what D. whose A. as B. which C. where D. that In an hour, we travel to places _ could have taken our ancestors days to reach. A. where B. when C. which D. what In an hour, we travel to places _ we can relax and get refreshed. A. where

19、 B. when C. which D. what The pla ce _ interested me most was the ChildrenPalace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which The place _ he had a good time last Sunday was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in where 【 2022 陜西】 I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed

20、 a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that 【 2022 福建】 She has a gift for creating an atmos- phere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 【 2022 江西】By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, s nearly all the paintings had b

21、een sold. A. which B. when C. what D. that 【 2022 山東】 Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 只能用 that 不能用 which 的情形先行詞是anything, something, nothing, everything等III. 【2022 全國 2】I refuse to accept the blame for something _

22、was someone elses fault. 不定代詞時A. who B. that C. as D. what I.關(guān)系代詞一般只用that,不用 which ；先行詞是all, much ,little, none 或先行詞被all, much, He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. little, no, any修飾時A. which B. as C. who D. that II. Is there anything _ to you. A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that

23、belong D. which belongs 精品文檔關(guān)系詞只能用 that, 不能用 which ；All the people that are present burst into tears. IV. These people once had fame and fortune; now _ is left to them is utter poverty. 精品文檔A. all that B. all what XIV. I like the second football match _ was C. all which D. that all held last week. V

24、. There is not much _ can be done. A. which B. who A. that B. which C. that D. / C. what D. how XV. This is the last time _ I shall come here to help you. VI. 【2022 浙江】_ thats important is that you are A. that B. which doing your best and moving in the right direction. C. when D. what A. One C. Ever

25、ything B. All D. Anything XVI.A. that you arrived It s the third time _ late this month.B. when you arrived VII. There is no difficulty _ can t be C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrivedovercome in the world. A. that B. which 先行詞有兩個, 一個指人, 一個指物, 關(guān)系代詞用 that C. who D. what VIII. All the apples _ f

26、ell down were eaten by XVII. Were talking about the piano and the pianist the pigs. _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. that B. those A. which B. whom C. who D. that C. which D. what XVIII. Both the girl and her dog _ were crossing IX. You can take any seat _ is free. the street were hi

27、t by a coming car. A. that B. / C. which D. it A. which B. who C. they D. that XIX. All the passengers and suitcases _ were 先行詞被最高級、序數(shù)詞以及 the first, the last, the still waiting on the broken down bus had to be transferred to another long distance bus. very, the only, the same 修飾時 A. they B. who C. w

28、hich D. that 被這類詞修飾時,關(guān)系代詞常用 that,不用 XX. He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school. which ；A. which B. that C. whom D. what X. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that;

29、that XI. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which D. who XII. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _ I have watched this year. A. which B. what C. whose D. that XIII. This is the very film _ I ve long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 留意：關(guān)系副詞不受這些規(guī)章

30、的影響只是 答疑 qq 329950885在選用關(guān)系代詞時才使用這些規(guī)章；如：XXI.【2022 福建】 Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose XXII. This is the same house _ her grandfather was born. A. that B. where C. which D. whose其他有關(guān)關(guān)系詞選擇的規(guī)章關(guān)系代

31、詞直接放在介詞后面時,要用 which ,不用 that ；第2章【2022 湖南】 The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are 要用 whom ,不用 who beyond our control. 第1章【 2022湖南】Julie was good at German, French 第3章A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that and Russian , all of _ she spoke fl

32、uently. This is the museum _ we saw an A. who B. whom C. which D. thatexhibition the other day. 精品文檔精品文檔A. that B. which C. where D. in 第10章 Who is the person _ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower. that 第4章【 2022 全國I】She brought with her three A. who B. that C. which D. whom 第11章 Who _

33、has common sense will do such a thing. friends, none of _ I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these 第5章【2022 浙江】 The settlement is home to nearly A. which B. who C. whom D. that 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. 第12章 Those _ not only from bo

34、oks but also through practice will succeed. A. whom B. which C. them D. those A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who 第6章【2022 上?！縃ave you sent thank-you notes to learn the relatives from _ you received gifts. A. which B. them C. that D. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語或there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的實意主whom 語時 , that 可指人或物,且通常省略引導非限制性定語從句

35、時,要用 which, who, whom, 不概括為：在從句中位于be 后；此條僅作明白 用 that ,也不能省略He still talks like the man （ that）he was ten years ago. 他談起話來仍像十年前一樣；The train is the fastest train （that） there has ever been. 這列火車是有史以來最快的火車；My typewriter is not the machine that it was. 我的打字機已不是過去的機器了；第13章 She was no longer the woman _ s

36、he was. A. that B. which C. what D. who 第14章 She is no longer the sweet girl _ she used to be. 第7章【 2022 浙江】 Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago. A. whom B. where C. that D. which 第8章【2022 全國 1】As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. A. which

37、B. where C. what D. that 第9章【2022 全國 】That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. what B. who C. when D. that A. that B. which C. what D. when 當先行詞為 one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all 指人 當先行詞前面有which ,who 等疑問代詞時, 為防止重時,關(guān)系代詞常用who復,用關(guān)系代詞thatAnyone who is agai

38、nst us is our enemy. 任何反對我 們的人就是我們的敵人；同理,當先行詞是that, those 時,常用關(guān)系代詞which 或 who；如：All who heard the story were amazed. 全部聽到這個故Whats that which is under the desk？事的人都很詫異；在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？Which is the T-shirt that fits me most. whose 可指人也可指物whose 作關(guān)系代詞可以指人也可指物,用作定語；如指物,它仍可以同 of which 互換 ; 如指人,就不行 與 of whom

39、 互換 He lives in a house. Its window faces south. 精品文檔 He lives in a house whose window faces south.He lives in a house. The window of it faces south. He lives in a house, the window of which faces south. He lives in a house, of which the window faces south. 精品文檔He is the farmer. His son is studying

40、in Qinghua University. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 由于 答疑 qq 329950885我們一般說his son,不說 【2022 陜西】 The man pulled out a gold watch, the son of him; 說 my book, 不說 the book of me, 因此我們只能說 : He is the farmer whose son is studying in Qinghua University. 而不能說： He is the farmer, the son of whom is study

41、ing in Qinghua University. 名詞前有冠詞 the 時用 of which, 名詞前沒有冠詞時用whose I saw some trees _ the leaves were black with disease. C. in which D. whose A. where B. of which 【2022 陜西】 The old temple, _ roof was damaged in storm, is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose 【2022 全國 I】The prize will g

42、o to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. _ were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which 【2022 安徽】 Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities ,are taken good care of in the village. A. their B. whose C. of t

43、hem D. with whom 【2022 天津】I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 【 2022 福 建 】 The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which as, but, than 用作關(guān)系代詞as 引

44、導限制性定語從句 例題： I had never heard such an interesting story _ you told me yesterday. D. that/which A. that B. which C. as It s such a heavy stone as nobody can move. （as作賓語）那是一塊重得沒人能移得動的石頭；Dont trust such men as praise you to your face. as作主語 不要信任那種當面吹捧你的人；先行詞被 the same修飾時,構(gòu)成“the sameas ” ；有些同學可能選擇 D,這

45、說明有關(guān)定語從句的 We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have. 基本學問學得不錯,但學問仍是有漏洞；as作賓語 要記?。何覀円训贸龊退麄兺瑯拥慕Y(jié)論；假如先行詞被 such, the same, so+形容詞 +a/an,as+形容詞 +a/an 修飾時,這時關(guān)系詞我們要用 as；This is the same watch as I lost. as 作賓語 這與我丟的那塊表一樣；此時, as同 that, who, which, whom 一樣,是關(guān)在 “ asas” 句型中,第一個as后面跟名詞時；系代詞,代指the same,

46、 so, such和 as 引導的短語,它可以看作是“ as+形容詞 +as” 的一種變化形式；常譯作 “ 正如, 像” ,在定語從句中通常作主語、賓He is as good as his brother. 他和他弟弟一樣好；這句話仍可以表達為：He is as good a boy as his brother. 語和表語；在限制性定語從句中要用關(guān)系代詞as的,常見It as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. as作賓語 的有以下四種情形：這是一部和我以往看的同樣好的電影；先行詞被 such 修飾時,構(gòu)成“suchas ” ；（參看 P錯誤 .未定義

47、書簽；錯誤.未找到引用源； ）精品文檔精品文檔在“so+ 形 +冠+n. + as ”句型中He is so good a student as every teacher likes. 它可以看作是先行詞被such 修飾時關(guān)系代詞用as（第一種情形）的一種變化形式；He is such a good student as every teacher likes. 他是一個每個老師都寵愛的這樣一個好同學；用 so 可以表達為：He is so good a student as every teacher likes. （參看 P.錯誤 .未定義書簽；錯誤 .未找到引用源； ）It wasnt

48、 such a good present _ he had promised me. A. that B. as C. which D. what These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which He isn t such a man _ he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. whi

49、ch C. who D. as We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser. A. when B. as C. whose D. what the same as與 the same thatThis is such a heavy box _ I cant move it.the same as指同一類, the same that指同一個；A. as B. that C. which D. whose I bought the same car as yours. 我買的那輛汽車和你的一模一樣；This is the

50、same bag the very bag that I lost yesterday. 這就是我昨天丟失的那個包；That is the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday. 那就是前天來求助的同一個人；such as 和 such .that 的區(qū)分（該用定語從句仍是用 結(jié)果狀語從句）such as “ 像 樣的” ,as 引導的是定語從句 , as 作句子成分；such that“ 如此 以至于” , that 引導的是結(jié)果狀 語從句 , that 不作句子成分；判定方法：假如后面成分完整,用 that 來引導結(jié)果狀

51、語從句；假如后面句子成分不完整,就用 as來引導定語從句；It was so difficult a problem _ no one worked it out. （成分完整,結(jié)果狀語從句 , 填 that）譯為：這道題如此難以至于沒有人算得出來；It was so difficult a problem _ no one worked out. Pop music is such an important part of society _ it has even influenced our language. A. as B. that C. which D. where Last t

52、erm our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem _ none of us worked out. A. as B. that C. which D. whose The man showed us so heavy a stone _ no one can lift. A. that B. as C. which D and I received _ nice a gift _ my mother promised. A. the same; as B. as; as C. such; as D. the same

53、; that I want to use the same tools _ used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what I found the book just _ I borrowed yesterday so I got it back at once. A. the same that B. the same as C

54、. such as D. such that Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week. A. which B. that C. whom D. as but 用作關(guān)系代詞（選學內(nèi)容）but 既可指人,也可指物,常在定語從句中充當（成分不完整,定語從句, 填 as）譯為：主語；but 本身含“ 否定” 的意思,其作用相當于 “that 這是一道沒有人能算出來的難題；which whonot” ；它前面的主句通常有“ 否練習定” 的詞（如：no,not, lit

55、tle ,few ,hardly 等）；He is such a lazy man _ nobody wants to work with _. A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him 精品文檔為了快速培養(yǎng)語感,也可把but 意譯為“ 除了”；There is no mother but loves her own children. （ There is no mother that who does not love her own children. ）沒有不愛自己孩子的母親；精品文檔 There is no man but feels p

56、ity for the starving children. 式；如：沒有人不為這些饑餓的孩子感到同情；There are very few but admire his talents.（but = who don）很少有人不贊揚他的才能；There is no rule but has exception. 凡規(guī)章都有例外；than 用作關(guān)系代詞（選學內(nèi)容）than 在定語從句中作關(guān)系代詞,在從句中可以充當主語、賓語、表語,但仍以充當主語為多；在定語從句中,它與關(guān)系代詞 that 所起的語法作用是You make more money than is intended to make. 主

57、語 你 掙得的錢比估量的要多；There were more casualties than was reported. 傷亡人數(shù)比報道的要多；Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens. 報紙和其他媒體做的不僅僅是記錄發(fā)生的事情；差不多的,只是在翻譯或說明時,要比that 多一層as 作關(guān)系代詞很有用（P. 錯誤 . 未定義書簽；）比較的意味；另外,由than 含有比較意味可知,該類定語從句的先行詞前通常要有形容詞的比較級形關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語【2022 北京】 I ll give you

58、 my friend ddress, _ I can be reached most evenings. A. which B. when C. whom D. where I don t like the way _ will cost too much money.The way _ he thought of to solve the problem was not practical. s home a 在句 1 中, the way 在定語從句中作主語,因此要填關(guān)系代詞 that/which ；【 2022 安徽】 All the neighbors admire this fami

59、ly, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend. 在句 2 中, the way 在定語從句中作賓語,因此也要 用關(guān)系代詞： that/which/ 省略；A. why B. where C. which D. that 【2022 重慶】 Life is like a long race _ we compete 假如 the way 在定語從句中作狀語定語從句仍原后with others to go beyond ourselves. 是 in the way ,關(guān)系詞用下面三種情形的任一種：A. why B. what C

60、. that D. where in which ； that； 省略；【 2022 重 慶 】 Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales ability. A. which B. that C. when D. where 【2022 浙江】We live in an age _ more information is available with great ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on