2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)40

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

The（）pointofviewpresentsideasandfactsthatbothsupportersandopponentscanagree.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.main

B.controversial

C.subjective

D.neutral

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)main“主要的，最大的”，B選項(xiàng)controversial“引起爭(zhēng)論的，有爭(zhēng)議的”，C選項(xiàng)subjective“主觀的，個(gè)人的”，D選項(xiàng)neutral“中立的，中性的”，中立的觀點(diǎn)代表了支持者和反對(duì)者都能認(rèn)同的觀點(diǎn)和事實(shí)。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Asamemberorthesociety,apersonshouldberesponsibleforanddedicatetothesociety.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.answerfor

B.accountfor

C.chargefor

D.compensatefor

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)answerfor“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”；B選項(xiàng)accountfor“對(duì)……做出解釋”；C選項(xiàng)chargefor“要價(jià)”；D選項(xiàng)compensatefor“賠償”。句意：作為社會(huì)的一員，一個(gè)人應(yīng)該對(duì)社會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)，為社會(huì)奉獻(xiàn)。劃線部分beresponsiblefor是對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Intoday’scompetitivejobmarket,people,especiallyyoungmenarerequiredtobeaggressiveandindustrious.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invasive

B.belligerent

C.progressive

D.enterprising

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)invasive“侵入的”；B選項(xiàng)belligerent“好戰(zhàn)的”；C選項(xiàng)progressive“進(jìn)步的”；D選項(xiàng)enterprising“有進(jìn)取心的”。句意：在當(dāng)今競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上，人們，尤其是年輕人需要有進(jìn)取心和勤奮。劃線部分aggressive是有進(jìn)取心的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thesegoodsare（）forexport,thoughafewofthemmaybesoldonthehomemarket.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.essentially

B.completely

C.necessarily

D.remarkably

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)essentially“基本地”；B選項(xiàng)completely“完全地”；C選項(xiàng)necessarily“必要地”；D選項(xiàng)remarkably“顯著地”。句意：這些貨物主要用于出口，但也有一些可能在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)銷售。本句表示貨物基本上用于出口，部分在國(guó)內(nèi)銷售。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）towhocompetewell.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prestige

B.regime

C.superiority

D.legislation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)prestige“威信”；B選項(xiàng)regime“政體”；C選項(xiàng)superiority“優(yōu)越”；D選項(xiàng)legislation“立法”。句意：在這樣一個(gè)給予強(qiáng)者顯赫聲望的社會(huì)里，大衛(wèi)覺得自己無用，不被社會(huì)需要。本句表示強(qiáng)者獲得威望。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner”.

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（）.

2.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto（）.

4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段首句“Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.”眼睛是不是“心靈的窗戶”是有爭(zhēng)議的;它們?cè)谌穗H交往中非常重要，這是一個(gè)事實(shí)。A選項(xiàng)“在表達(dá)感情和交換思想方面是極為重要的”，B選項(xiàng)“可以看到一個(gè)人內(nèi)心世界的東西”，C選項(xiàng)“在使談話變得有趣方面具有相當(dāng)重要的意義”，D選項(xiàng)“它的價(jià)值在很大程度上是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期爭(zhēng)論的問題”。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文，“Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.”值得注意的是，一張有眼睛的真實(shí)的人臉可能不會(huì)讓人發(fā)笑，而只看到一只眼睛的側(cè)面也不會(huì)讓人發(fā)笑。A選項(xiàng)“正面被完全感知”，B選項(xiàng)“臉上戴著面具”，C選項(xiàng)“從側(cè)面看臉”，D選項(xiàng)“臉部沒有任何遮蓋物”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.”如果對(duì)方?jīng)]看，說話者就會(huì)認(rèn)為對(duì)方不感興趣，就會(huì)停下來等對(duì)方繼續(xù)看他，或者終止談話。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人暫時(shí)把目光從另一個(gè)人身上移開”，B選項(xiàng)“眼神交流超過一秒”，C選項(xiàng)“不合時(shí)宜地停止眼神接觸”，D選項(xiàng)“不斷調(diào)整眼神接觸”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的最后一段的最后一句，“Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.”當(dāng)兩個(gè)說話的人都戴著墨鏡時(shí)，就會(huì)清楚地看到這種眼動(dòng)對(duì)保持談話順暢有多么重要:談話中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)由于打斷、錯(cuò)誤的開始和不可預(yù)知的停頓而造成的語(yǔ)塞，A選項(xiàng)“不要戴黑眼鏡”，B選項(xiàng)“不要打岔”，C選項(xiàng)“不要把目光從對(duì)方身上移開”，D選項(xiàng)“不要出人意料地停頓”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Ihavenoideaoffashion,somychoiceofclothesseemsquitearbitrary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assertive

B.decisive

C.optional

D.tasteful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)assertive“肯定的”；B選項(xiàng)decisive“決定性的”；C選項(xiàng)optional“隨意的”；D選項(xiàng)tasteful“有品位的”。句意：我對(duì)時(shí)尚一竅不通，所以我對(duì)衣服的選擇似乎很隨意。劃線部分arbitrary是隨意的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Whichissafer-stayingathome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingintheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infact,theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.

Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.Fortunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947),Flixborough(1974),Seveso(1976),Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).

Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives,justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.

Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateaparticulardanger.ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate(硝酸銨),whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactiononexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadthesecaughtfire,then3,000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause（）.

3.Accordingtopassage,thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanagementhappenedat（）.

4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof（）.

5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexpertswemayconcludethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.

B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.

C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.

D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareveryrare

B.theyoftencauselossoflife

C.theyalwaysoccurinbigcities

D.theyarousetheinterestofallthereaders

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Texascity

B.Flixborough

C.Seveso

D.MexicoCity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.naturalgas,whichcaneasilycatchfire

B.fertilizer,whichcan’tbestoredinagreatquantity

C.poisonoussubstance,whichcan’tbeusedinovercrowdedareas

D.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.toavoidanyaccidentsweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustry

B.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustry

C.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrolledifeffectivemeasurehadbeentaken

D.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“chemicalindustry”可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!（然而，坐飛機(jī)和在化工行業(yè)工作相比怎么樣呢？不幸的是，前者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是后者的55倍?。?，說明在化工行業(yè)工作比坐飛機(jī)更安全。因此D選項(xiàng)“在化工行業(yè)工作比坐飛機(jī)更安全?！闭_。A選項(xiàng)“在辦公室工作比待在家里更安全”，B選項(xiàng)“乘公共交通工具去上班比在辦公室工作更安全”，由原文可知待在家里、乘坐公共交通工具上班和在辦公室工作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是相同的，沒有誰(shuí)比誰(shuí)更安全，所以A，B錯(cuò)誤。由第一段最后一句theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome（化工行業(yè)工人的事故率比幾乎任何人類活動(dòng)都要低，幾乎和待在家里一樣安全），說明化工行業(yè)和待在家里一樣安全，所以C選項(xiàng)“待在家里比在化工行業(yè)工作更安全”錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“reportedasnews”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.（化工行業(yè)的問題是，一旦出現(xiàn)問題，往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致附近居民死亡。這也使得化學(xué)事故具有新聞價(jià)值。），說明新聞報(bào)道化學(xué)事故是因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)導(dǎo)致人員死亡。因此B選項(xiàng)“它們經(jīng)常造成生命損失”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們非常罕見”，C選項(xiàng)“它們總是發(fā)生在大城市”和D選項(xiàng)“它們引起了所有讀者的興趣”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“faultofmanagement”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火災(zāi)是管理層的失誤造成的，因?yàn)樗麄兠爸L(fēng)險(xiǎn)在重要維修期間繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。），說明由管理失誤造成的化學(xué)事故發(fā)生在弗利克斯伯勒。因此B選項(xiàng)“弗利克斯伯勒”正確。A選項(xiàng)“得克薩斯城”，C選項(xiàng)“塞維索”和D選項(xiàng)“墨西哥城”的事故不是因?yàn)楣芾硎д`造成的，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“ammoniumnitrate”可以定位到文章第四段第二句ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate,whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.（因此，得克薩斯城的爆炸是由數(shù)噸硝酸銨引起的，大量?jī)?chǔ)存硝酸銨是不安全的。），說明硝酸銨不能大量?jī)?chǔ)存，另外文章第三段第四句TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.（得克薩斯城的肥料爆炸造成552人死亡。）說明造成得克薩斯城爆炸事故的硝酸銨是一種肥料。因此B選項(xiàng)“不能大量?jī)?chǔ)存的化學(xué)肥料”正確。A選項(xiàng)“天然氣，很容易著火”是墨西哥城火災(zāi)事故的原因，C選項(xiàng)“有毒物質(zhì)，不能在人滿為患地區(qū)使用”，由文章可知塞維索的事故是毒氣造成的，D選項(xiàng)“燃料，它被儲(chǔ)存在大的油箱里”在文中沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“repair”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火災(zāi)是管理層的失誤造成的，因?yàn)樗麄兠爸L(fēng)險(xiǎn)在重要維修期間繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。），說明維修設(shè)備很重要，不能冒著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在維修設(shè)備時(shí)繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。因此A選項(xiàng)“為了避免事故，我們不應(yīng)該維修化工設(shè)施”錯(cuò)誤。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ocalauthorities”可以定位到文章第四段第四、五句TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.（塞維索事故表明，如果地方當(dāng)局對(duì)其家門口的危險(xiǎn)缺乏了解，將會(huì)發(fā)生什么。當(dāng)毒氣飄過城鎮(zhèn)上空時(shí)，當(dāng)?shù)仡I(lǐng)導(dǎo)無法采取有效行動(dòng)。），說明地方當(dāng)局需要了解當(dāng)?shù)鼗どa(chǎn)的情況。因此B選項(xiàng)“地方當(dāng)局不應(yīng)關(guān)心化學(xué)工業(yè)的生產(chǎn)”錯(cuò)誤。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“tanks”可以定位到第四段倒數(shù)第三句Thefiresetoffachainreactiononexplodingstoragetanks.（大火引起儲(chǔ)存罐爆炸的連鎖反應(yīng)。），說明儲(chǔ)存罐里的天然氣也會(huì)發(fā)生氣體爆炸的事故。因此D選項(xiàng)“儲(chǔ)存在大型儲(chǔ)罐中的天然氣總是安全的”錯(cuò)誤。第四段列舉了各種原因引發(fā)的事故，同時(shí)也相對(duì)應(yīng)采取的措施，因此C選項(xiàng)“如果采取有效措施，所有這些事故都是可以避免或控制的”正確。

9.單選題

WhenI（）mysenses,Ifoundmyselfwrappedupinbedinmylittleroom,withGrandmabendingoverme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wokeup

B.tookto

C.pickedup

D.cameto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。cometoone’ssense意為“清醒過來；恢復(fù)理性”。句意：當(dāng)我回過神來，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正裹在小房間的床上，奶奶正俯身看著我。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

10.翻譯題

Modernscience,particularlyphysics,isbeingforced,underpressureofitsownadvances,toacknowledgethatthetruthsitoffersaretruenotinanabsolutebutinapoeticsense,thatitslawsarecontingent,thatitsfactsareakindofmetaphor.Ofcourse,artandsciencearefundamentallydifferentintheirmethods,andintheirends.Thedoingofscienceinvolvesalevelofrigorunattainabletoart.Ascientifichypothesiscanbeproven—or,perhapsmoreimportantly,disproven—butapoem,apicture,orapieceofmusic,cannot.Yetintheiroriginsartandscienceareremarkablysimilar.

【答案】現(xiàn)代科學(xué)，尤其是物理學(xué)，在自身進(jìn)步的壓力下，被迫承認(rèn)它所提供的真理不是絕對(duì)的，而是詩(shī)意的，它的規(guī)律是偶然的，它的事實(shí)是一種隱喻。當(dāng)然，藝術(shù)和科學(xué)在方法上、在目的上是根本不同的?？茖W(xué)所涉及的嚴(yán)格程度是藝術(shù)所無法企及的。一個(gè)科學(xué)假設(shè)可以被證明——或者，也許更重要的是，被否定——但一首詩(shī)、一幅畫或一首音樂卻不能。然而，藝術(shù)和科學(xué)在其起源上是非常相似的。

11.單選題

Theindomitablespiritdisplayedbyathletesembodiesthenewlookofthisnation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.specific

B.unsubduable

C.determined

D.industrious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)specific“特定的”；B選項(xiàng)unsubduable“不屈不撓的”；C選項(xiàng)determined“堅(jiān)決的”；D選項(xiàng)industrious“勤勉的”。句意：運(yùn)動(dòng)員們不屈不撓的精神體現(xiàn)了這個(gè)國(guó)家的新面貌。劃線部分indomitable是不屈不撓的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Iamnot（）withmyroommatebutIhavetosharetheroomwithher,becauseIhavenowhereelsetolive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concerned

B.compatible

C.considerate

D.complied

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)concerned“有關(guān)的”；B選項(xiàng)compatible“兼容的，能共處的”；C選項(xiàng)considerate“體貼的，考慮周到的”；D選項(xiàng)complied（comply的過去分詞形式）“遵照，順從”。根據(jù)句意可知，因?yàn)槲覠o處可去所以不得不和室友住在一起，由but可知，我和室友應(yīng)該是無法和諧共處。becompatiblewith為固定搭配，意為“適合，一致”。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

13.單選題

Inarecentstudy,neuroscientistsfoundthatplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldhelpimprovedyslexicchildren’sreadingspeed,andtheimprovementsdidnotfadewithtime.

Researcherstestedthereadingabilityoftwogroupsof10-year-olddyslexicchildrenafteronegrouphadplayedactionvideogamesandtheotherplayednon-actionvideogames.Eachgroupwascomposedof10childrenwhoplayed80minutesofvideogamesadayforninedays,equaling12hoursofplayperchild.Theirreadingskillsweremeasuredonanumberoffactors,includinghowfasttheyreadwordsandhowaccuratelytheyreadthem.Resultsshowedthatimprovementsinreadingspeedachievedfromplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldevenexceedimprovementsgainedfromayear’sintense,traditionaltherapies.

Scientistsaimedtoprovethatthere’sacorrelationbetweenadyslexicchild’svisualattentionspanandtheirabilitytoread.Actionvideogamesaredistinguishedfromnon-actionvideogamesbysuchcharacteristicsasgamespeed,ahighsensory-motorload,andpresentationofmultiple,peripheralstimuli.Actionvideogameplayersconstantlyreceivebothexternalandinternalfeedbackontheirperformance,producinglearning.

Itturnedoutthattheassumptionsofresearcherswerecorrect.Actionvideogameplayersdefeatedtheirnon-actionpeersinimprovements.Onlyactiongamekidsshowedgeneralreadingimprovements,upto40percent,whilenon-actionreadersshowednoimprovement.Theactiongamersalsoimprovedtheirbasictextreadingbyasmuchas60percent,whilenon-actiongamersshowedamoremodest5percent-10percentgain.

Thoughmoreresearchisneededtonaildownthespecificrolethatactiongamesplayintheimprovements,theresearchersclaimedtheirdataisthestart.Theybelievetheirfindingsshowthatattentioncanbestudiedandefficientlytrainedduringinfancy.Thiscanpavethewayforlow-resource-demandingearlypreventionprogramsthatcoulddrasticallyreducetheincidentofreadingdisorders.

1.Whatdoestherecentstudydiscussedinthepassageshow?

2.Researchersofthestudyconductedtheirtestby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadifferencebetweenactionvideogamesandnon-actionones?

4.Resultsofthestudyconfirmedscientistsassumptionthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Traditionaltherapiesdobetterthanvideogamesinhelpingchildrenread.

B.Childrenpreferactionvideogamestonon-actiononesintheirreadingclass.

C.Playingactionvideogamescaneffectivelyimprovechildren'sreadingability.

D.Thebenefitsofplayingactionvideogamesgraduallygetweakerovertime.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.measuringtheeffectsofplayingdifferenttypesofvideogamesonreading

B.comparingtheeffectsofdifferentreadingmethodsonreadingspeed

C.trainingchildrenwithreadingdifficultiestoreadwordsfastandaccurately

D.teachingchildrentoplayvariousvideogamesforseveralhourseachday

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Actionvideogamesgiveplayersmoreinternalfeedback.

B.Actionvideogamespresentarichervarietyofstimulitoplayers.

C.Actionvideogamesrequirepayersreadmoreduringplaying.

D.Actionvideogameshaveasomewhatlowersensory-motorload.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Readingdifficultiesarecausedbybothexternalandinternalfactors

B.Actionvideogameshavehighergameseesthannor-actionvideogames

C.Readingdifficultiesarerelatedtoexcessiveplayingofvideogames

D.Actionvideogamesprovideplayerswithfeedbackthatfacilitatelearning

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)recentstudy定位到文章的首句，“Inarecentstudy,neuroscientistsfoundthatplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldhelpimprovedyslexicchildren’sreadingspeed,andtheimprovementsdidnotfadewithtime.”在最近的一項(xiàng)研究中，神經(jīng)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，玩快節(jié)奏的電子游戲有助于提高誦讀困難兒童的閱讀速度，而且這種提高不會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而消失。即對(duì)應(yīng)C選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)療法在幫助孩子閱讀方面比電子游戲做得更好”。根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)療法，定位到文章的第二段的尾句“Resultsshowedthatimprovementsinreadingspeedachievedfromplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldevenexceedimprovementsgainedfromayear'sintense,traditionaltherapies”.可得知，玩快節(jié)奏游戲比傳統(tǒng)療法更有助于提高孩子的閱讀速度，B選項(xiàng)“在閱讀課上，孩子們更喜歡動(dòng)作類電子游戲而不是非動(dòng)作類電子游戲”，為無關(guān)選項(xiàng)，文章沒有提到readingclass，D選項(xiàng)“玩動(dòng)作類電子游戲的好處會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移逐漸減弱”，與文章表達(dá)的意思相反。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)researchersofthestudy定位到文章的第二段，“Researcherstestedthereadingabilityoftwogroupsof10-year-olddyslexicchildrenafteronegrouphadplayedactionvideogamesandtheotherplayednon-actionvideogames.”研究人員測(cè)試了兩組10歲的誦讀困難兒童的閱讀能力，一組玩動(dòng)作類電子游戲，另一組玩非動(dòng)作類電子游戲。A選項(xiàng)“通過玩不同類型的游戲來衡量電子游戲?qū)﹂喿x的影響”，B選項(xiàng)“通過比較不同的閱讀策略在閱讀速度方面的影響”，C選項(xiàng)“訓(xùn)練有閱讀困難的兒童快速準(zhǔn)確地閱讀單詞”，D選項(xiàng)“每天教授孩子玩幾個(gè)小時(shí)不同的游戲”。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Actionvideogamesaredistinguishedfromnon-actionvideogamesbysuchcharacteristicsasgamespeed,ahighsensory-motorload,andpresentationofmultiple,peripheralstimuli.”動(dòng)作電子游戲與非動(dòng)作電子游戲的區(qū)別在于游戲速度、高感覺運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷和多重外圍刺激。A選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作電子游戲會(huì)給玩家更多內(nèi)部反饋”，B選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作電子游戲?yàn)橥婕姨峁┝烁S富的刺激”，C選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作類電子游戲要求付費(fèi)玩家在游戲過程中閱讀更多內(nèi)容”，D選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作類電子游戲的感覺運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷相對(duì)較低”。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Actionvideogameplayersconstantlyreceivebothexternalandinternalfeedbackontheirperformance,producinglearning.Itturnedoutthattheassumptionsofresearcherswerecorrect.Actionvideogameplayersdefeatedtheirnon-actionpeersinimprovements.”動(dòng)作電子游戲玩家不斷收到關(guān)于他們表現(xiàn)的外部和內(nèi)部反饋，從而產(chǎn)生學(xué)習(xí)效果。事實(shí)證明，研究人員的假設(shè)是正確的。動(dòng)作類電子游戲玩家在改進(jìn)過程中打敗了非動(dòng)作類游戲玩家。A選項(xiàng)“閱讀困難既有外部因素造成的，也有內(nèi)部因素造成的”，原文沒有提及，B選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作類電子游戲比非動(dòng)作類電子游戲擁有更高的游戲體驗(yàn)”，原文沒有提及游戲體驗(yàn)，C選項(xiàng)“閱讀困難與過度玩電子游戲有關(guān)”，無關(guān)選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作類電子游戲?yàn)橥婕姨峁┓答?，促進(jìn)他們的學(xué)習(xí)”，因此，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

ThechangeingloballyaveragedtemperaturethathaveoccurredatthattheEarth’ssurfaceoverthepastcenturyaresimilarinsizeandtimingtothose（1）bymodelstakeintoaccountthecombinedinfluencesofhumanfactorsandsolarvariability.

To（2）thequestionofattributionrequiresthe（3）ofmorepowerfulandcomplexmethods,beyondtheuseofglobalaveragesalone.Newstudieshavefocusedon（4）mapsorpatternsoftemperaturechangein（5）andinmodels.Patternanalysisistheclimatologicallyequivalentofthemorecomprehensivetestsinthemedicalanalogymentioned（6）,andmakesitpossibletoachievemoredefinitive（7）ofobservedclimatechangedtoaparticularcauseorcauses.

TheexpectedinfluenceofhumanactivitiesisthoughttobemuchmorecomplexthanuniformwarmingovertheentiresurfaceoftheEarthandoverthewhole（8）cycle.Patternsofchangeoverspaceandtimethereforeprovideamorepowerful（9）technique.Thebasicidea（10）pattern-basedapproachesisthatdifferent（11）causesofclimatechangehavedifferentcharacteristicpatternsofclimateresponseorfingerprints.Attributionstudiesseekto（12）afingerprintmatchbetweenthepatternsofclimatechange（13）bymodelsandthoseactuallyobserved.

Themostrecentassessmentofthesciencesuggeststhathumanactivitieshaveledtoadiscernible（14）onglobalclimateandthattheseactivitieswillhaveandincreasinginfluenceonfutureclimate.Theburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgas,aswellasvariousagriculturalandindustrialpractices,are（15）thecompositionoftheatmosphereandcontributingtoclimatechange.Thesehumanactivitieshaveledtoincreasedatmospheric（16）ofanumberofgreenhousegases,includingcarbondioxide,methaneandsoonintheloweratmosphere.

Humanactivities,suchastheburningoffossil,havealsoincreasedthe（17）ofsmallparticlesintheatmosphere.Theseparticlescanchangethe（18）ofenergythatisabsorbedandreflectedbytheatmosphere.Theyarealsobelievedtomodifythe（19）ofairandclouds,changingtheamountofenergythattheyabsorbandreflect.Intensivestudiesoftheclimateeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecentlyandtheoverall（20）isuncertain.Itislikelythattheneteffectofthesesmallparticlesistocooltheclimateandtopartiallyoffsetthewarmingofincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incensed

B.personify

C.interact

D.predicted

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.array

B.ascertain

C.probe

D.perturb

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.application

B.integration

C.avenge

D.intervene

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.conforming

B.comparing

C.biding

D.budgeting

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.junctions

B.junctures

C.obligations

D.observations

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.optionally

B.ornamentally

C.previously

D.predicatively

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.attribution

B.autonomy

C.indication

D.induction

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.immune

B.seasonal

C.formidable

D.perceptible

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.analysis

B.disposal

C.antigen

D.disincentive

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.avenging

B.underestimating

C.ascending

D.underlying

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.respectable

C.secretive

D.sturdy

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.weary

B.obtain

C.wink

D.retard

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.oriented

B.kenned

C.predicted

D.lapsed

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.modification

B.nomination

C.penetration

D.influence

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.paving

B.altering

C.retreating

D.saluting

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.stabilities

B.popularities

C.concentrations

D.hierarchies

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.abundance

B.hemisphere

C.fixture

D.distress

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.burial

B.argumentation

C.legislation

D.amount

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.disposals

B.properties

C.certainties

D.blends

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.calculation

B.assignment

C.budget

D.effect

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)incensed“激怒”；B選項(xiàng)personify“擬人化”；C選項(xiàng)interact“互相影響”；D選項(xiàng)predicted“預(yù)測(cè)”。句意：地球表面發(fā)生的全球平均溫度的變化在大小和時(shí)間上與模型預(yù)測(cè)的相似。本句表示模型預(yù)測(cè)了地球表面溫度的變化。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)array“排列”；B選項(xiàng)ascertain“確定”；C選項(xiàng)probe“調(diào)查”；D選項(xiàng)perturb“擾亂”。此處的意思是調(diào)查問題的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用”；B選項(xiàng)integration“集成”；C選項(xiàng)avenge“報(bào)仇”；D選項(xiàng)intervene“干涉”。此處的意思是運(yùn)用更強(qiáng)大更復(fù)雜的方法來調(diào)查原因。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conforming“符合”；B選項(xiàng)comparing“比較”；C選項(xiàng)biding“忍耐”；D選項(xiàng)budgeting“編制預(yù)算”。句意：新的研究集中于比較溫度變化圖和溫度變化模式。本句表示將變化圖和變化模式兩者進(jìn)行比較。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)junctions“接合點(diǎn)”；B選項(xiàng)junctures“接縫”；C選項(xiàng)obligations“義務(wù)”；D選項(xiàng)observations“觀察”。句意：觀察到的和模型中的溫度變化模式。本句表示觀察到的溫度變化和模型中的溫度變化兩方面。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)optionally“隨意地”；B選項(xiàng)ornamentally“裝飾地”；C選項(xiàng)previously“以前”；D選項(xiàng)predicatively“肯定地”。此處是指之前提到過的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)attribution“歸因”；B選項(xiàng)autonomy“自治”；C選項(xiàng)indication“指示”；D選項(xiàng)induction“歸納”。此處的意思是將觀測(cè)到的氣候變化歸因于一個(gè)或多個(gè)特定的原因。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)immune“免疫的”；B選項(xiàng)seasonal“季節(jié)的”；C選項(xiàng)formidable“強(qiáng)大的”；D選項(xiàng)perceptible“可感知的”。此處的意思是整個(gè)季節(jié)周期性的均勻變暖。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)analysis“分析”；B選項(xiàng)disposal“處理”；C選項(xiàng)antigen“抗原”；D選項(xiàng)disincentive“抑制因素”。此處的意思是空間和時(shí)間的變化模式提供了一種更強(qiáng)大的分析技術(shù)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)avenging“報(bào)仇”；B選項(xiàng)underestimating“低估”；C選項(xiàng)ascending“上升”；D選項(xiàng)underlying“成為……的基礎(chǔ)”。此處的意思是構(gòu)成這些方法的基礎(chǔ)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的”；B選項(xiàng)respectable“值得尊敬的”；C選項(xiàng)secretive“秘密的”；D選項(xiàng)sturdy“堅(jiān)定的”。此處的意思是不同的氣候變化潛在原因。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)weary“使疲倦”；B選項(xiàng)obtain“獲得”；C選項(xiàng)wink“眨眼”；D選項(xiàng)retard“延遲”。此處的意思是試圖獲得模型預(yù)測(cè)的變化和實(shí)際觀測(cè)到的氣候變化模式之間的指紋匹配。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)oriented“面向”；B選項(xiàng)kenned“知道”；C選項(xiàng)predicted“預(yù)測(cè)”；D選項(xiàng)lapsed“退步”。此處的意思是模型預(yù)測(cè)到的變化。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)modification“修改”；B選項(xiàng)nomination“提名”；C選項(xiàng)penetration“滲透”；D選項(xiàng)influence“影響”。此處的意思是人類活動(dòng)對(duì)全球氣候產(chǎn)生了明顯的影響，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能和on搭配的只有influence。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)paving“鋪設(shè)”；B選項(xiàng)altering“變更”；C選項(xiàng)retreating“撤退”；D選項(xiàng)saluting“致敬”。此處的意思是煤炭、石油和天然氣的燃燒，以及各種農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)活動(dòng)，正在改變大氣的組成。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)stabilities“穩(wěn)定性”；B選項(xiàng)popularities“流行”；C選項(xiàng)concentrations“濃度”；D選項(xiàng)hierarchies“階層”。此處的意思是人類活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致大氣中大量溫室氣體的濃度增加。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)abundance“豐富”；B選項(xiàng)hemisphere“半球”；C選項(xiàng)fixture“設(shè)備”；D選項(xiàng)distress“悲痛”。句意：人類活動(dòng)增加了大氣中微粒的數(shù)量。也就是說人類活動(dòng)讓大氣中微粒的含量更豐富了。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)burial“埋葬”；B選項(xiàng)argumentation“論證”；C選項(xiàng)legislation“立法”；D選項(xiàng)amount“數(shù)量”。此處的意思是這些粒子可以改變大氣吸收和反射的能量，同時(shí)下文中也出現(xiàn)了theamountofenergy。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)disposals“處置”；B選項(xiàng)properties“性質(zhì)”；C選項(xiàng)certainties“必然”；D選項(xiàng)blends“混合物”。此處的意思是這些微粒也可以改變大氣層和云層的性質(zhì)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.考查前后文照應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)calculation“計(jì)算”；B選項(xiàng)assignment“任務(wù)”；C選項(xiàng)budget“預(yù)算”；D選項(xiàng)effect“影響”。前文提到“Intensivestudiesoftheclimateeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecently”（對(duì)這些微粒對(duì)氣候影響的深入研究直到最近才開始），所以應(yīng)該是說微粒對(duì)氣候變化的整體影響還不確定。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Assimilatingthereportincomputingrequiresmuchtime,forI’mnotspecializedinthisfield.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Digesting

B.Incorporating

C.Imitating

D.Compiling

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)Digesting“消化”；B選項(xiàng)Incorporating“包含”；C選項(xiàng)Imitating“模仿”；D選項(xiàng)Compiling“編輯”。句意：消化這篇計(jì)算方面的報(bào)告要花很多時(shí)間，因?yàn)槲也皇沁@方面的專家。劃線部分Assimilating是消化、吸收的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Wearesorrytoinformyouthattheshipmentisnot（）thestandardinthecontract.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dueto

B.accordingto

C.priorto

D.upto

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dueto“由于，歸功于”，B選項(xiàng)accordingto“根據(jù)按照”，C選項(xiàng)priorto“在...之前，先于”，D選項(xiàng)upto“直到，勝任”。句意：我們很抱歉地通知你方所裝運(yùn)的貨物不符合合同規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

17.單選題

Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyread（）lettersfromtheirfamilies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sentimental

B.affectionate

C.intimate

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sentimental“多愁善感的”；B選項(xiàng)affectionate“深情的，充滿愛的”；C選項(xiàng)intimate“親密的”；D選項(xiàng)sensitive“敏感的”。根據(jù)句意可知，來自親人的應(yīng)該是深情的，充滿愛的信件，所以選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

18.單選題

Modernliberalopinioniss