2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國地質大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號21

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國地質大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

OrdinarilythesurfaceoftheplanetisnearlyattheboHingpointofwateronEarth,100.2-101°Caccordingtothedatafromtheorbitingsatellite.

問題1選項

A.surfaceoftheplanet

B.nearlyatthe

C.boHingpoint

D.fromtheorbitingsatellite

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

2.單選題

Torontoissome475kminthenorthwestofNewYork,whileVancouver,only200kmfromSeattle,isevenclosertoamajorAmericancity.

問題1選項

A.issome475

B.inthenorthwestof

C.whileVancouver,only200

D.evenclosertoamajorAmericancity

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】B

【解析】介詞誤用。去掉in,此處表示位于西北方向（一般用tothenorthwestofsomewhere）,shi大致方向,并非指具體位置。

3.單選題

Thewoman,69yearsoldandstillactiveasaprofessoratHarvardUniversity,toldaresearchteamthatshehadbeguntofindithardtorecallthenamesofeverfacultymembers.Notlongagoshehadforgottenherclassroomnumberwhenaskingforaslideprojectortobesentup.Shehadoneanxiousquestionfortheresearchteam,assembledtostudythenormalcourseofmentalaging:“AmIlosingmyabilitytoremember,andperhapseventothinkclearly?”

Thatquestionistheprincipalfocusofanewwaveofscientificinquiryonthedeclineinmentalabilitywithage.Thefindingsarechallengingsomebasicassumptions,likethebeliefthatsuchdeclineisanaturalpartoftheagingprocess,irrespectiveofgeneralhealth.

From20to30percentofpeopleintheir80swhovolunteerforcognitivetestingperformaswellasvolunteersintheir30sand40s,whoarepresumablyintheirmentalprime.Theintellectualandcreativeproductivityinlaterlifeofcertainartistsandintellectualsmayrepresentnotsomuchanexceptionasanideal,someexpertsnowsay.

DrKWSchaie,apsychologistatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,isthedirectorofamajorstudyofnormalmentaldeclineintheelderly.Forover35years,hisstudyhasbeenfollowingmorethan5000menandwomenwhohavebeentestedregularly.DrSchaie’sinvestigationsseektofillagapingerontologicalresearch,which,accordingtoDrJackRowe,presidentoftheMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineandaleadingexpertinthefield,hasfocusedondiseaseanddisability,andneglectedtheprospectsofmaintaininghighfunctioninginoldage.DrRoweheadsaresearchnetworkonsuccessfulagingsponsoredbytheMacArthurFoundation.Inaninterviewhepointedoutthatgerontologistshavefocusedon‘"the6to15percentoftheelderlywhoarefrailandthenlumpedeveryoneelsetogetherasnormal.Butthereisahugevariationfrompersontopersonamongolderpeople:theolderagroupgets,thelesslikeeachotherpeopleinitbecome.”

DrSchaie’smostrecentfindingswerereportedthismonthinTheAmericanPsychologist.Althoughthestudy’sresultsshowabilitiesbegintodeclinegraduallyinthemiddletolate60sandaccelerateinthelate70s.Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen.Thesharpestdeclinesareseeninbasicmathematics.Bytheirlate80s,bothmenandwomenwereonlyabouthalfasadeptinbasicmathastheyhadbeenintheir50s.Formen,theleastdeclineshownisinspatialorientation,forexample,inreadingamapcorrectly.Bythelate80s,ithaddroppedbyonlyaboutone-eighthonaverage.

Forwomen,themostenduringmentalskillisinductivereasoning,assessingtheinformationinatimetable,forinstance.Aswomenreachedtheirlate80s,ithaddroppedjustoverone-eighthfromitsheightinmiddleage.Oneofthedrasticdeclinesforwomenprovedtobeinverbalcomprehension,whilethatabilitydroppedrelativelylittleintothe70s,itplummetedbyaboutone-quarterduringthe80s.Formen,thedeclinewasslightinthoseyears.

Anotherstudy,thisonebyDrRichardMons,apsychologistatMountSinaiMedicalSchoolwhoistheactingdirectorofaresearchconsortiumonnormalmemorylossandagingsponsoredbytheCharlesA.DanaFoundation,hasfoundthatdifferentkindsofmemorydifferintheirvulnerabilitytoaging.“Crystallized”memory,ie,vocabularyorotherknowledgeaccumulatedovertheyearsholdsupverywellintooldage.“Fluid”memory,ontheotherhand,theabilitytoaddnewinformationtomemoryortorecallsomethingthathappenedrecentlyismorepronetodecline,beginninginthe60s.Hefoundlittledeclineinveryshort-termmemory,likerememberingatelephonenumberjustlookedup.

ApairofHarvardpsychologists,DouglasPowellandKeanWhitla,havedesignedacomputerizedtestofmentalskillslikelong-termandshort-termmemory,attention,reasoningandcalculation;theyreportedthetestintheFebruaryissueofCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience.Theyaretheresearcherswhomthe69-year-oldprofessorspokewith.Theirtestcomparesaperson’sscorewithnormsforothersofthesameage,forpeoplewhoarestillinmiddleageandforothersintheirownprofessionalgroup.

DrSchaie’sstudyhasfoundcertainpredictorsforgoodmentalfunctioninoldage.Theseincludeahighlevelofabilityinreadingcomprehensionandverbalfluency,asuccessfulcareerorsomeotherinvolvementthroughlifeandcontinuingkeenmentalinterestsafterretirement.Havingaflexibleattitudeinmiddleagewasalsoapromisingindicator.“Thereislessmentaldeclineinpeoplewhoadapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces,”DrSchaieobserved.Thestudyalsofoundthatsimplylivingwithsomeonewiththesecharacteristicsisbeneficial.“Ithelpstohaveahigh-functioningspouse,sincethisisyourmajorimmediatesocialenvironmentandsupport.”DrSchaiestated.

1.The69-year-oldwomanmentionedatthebeginningofthepassageisfindingitincreasingly（

）.

2.Someartistsandintellectualsremainproductivetotheveryendoflonglives.Thewriterofthepassagestatesthatsomeexperts.

3.DrSchaie’sfindingsrevealthat（

）.

4.DrSchaietellsusthattheaverage85-year-oldwomanislikelytohavelostagooddealofherabilityto（

）.

5.DrJackRowe,inadditiontoservingasdirectorofawell-knownmedicalschool,

6.DrRowesays,thereisahugevariationfrompersontopersonamongolderpeople:theolderagroupgets,thelesslikeeachotherthepeopleinitbecome.”Thiscanbestbeparaphrased(re-stated)as.

7.WhichoftheseitemswouldDrMohsnotclassifyaspartofyourcrystallizedmemory?

8.WhatPowellandWhitlahavecreated（

）.

9.IfyouwereayoungmanthinkingofgettingmarriedandyouaskedDrSchaieforadvicehewouldprobablytellyouto（

）.

10.Thisarticle（

）.

11.Giventhattheaveragepersonisunlikelytoknowthatgeronto---istheGreekrootmeaning“oldperson”(seeline22),wemayreasonablyconcludethatthisarticleisintendedfor（

）.

12.Thewordchallenginginline7means（

）.

13.Thewordcognitiveinline9is（

）.

14.Theoppositeofflexibleinline52is（

）.

15.Thewordpromisinginline52means（

）.

問題1選項

A.difficulttorememberwhohercolleaguesare.

B.difficulttorecallsomeofhercolleagues’faces

C.difficulttorememberwhatsomeofhercolleaguesarecalled

D.easytoforgetthenameofherfaculty

E.easytoforgetwhatsomeofheryoungercolleaguesdointhefaculty

問題2選項

A.believethatsuchexamplesaremorecommonthangerontologistsformerlysupposed

B.arecertainthatsuchlateproductivityisimpossibleforordinarypeopleinotherwalksoflife

C.arealmostcertainthatinthefuturesuchlateproductivitywillbecomequiteordinary

D.suspectthatitiswrongtoregardsuchlateproductivityasabnormalratherthansimplyuncommon

E.rejecttheideathatsuchpeoplecanbetakenasmodelsfornormalhumanbeings

問題3選項

A.thepatternofmentaldeclineamongmenandwomenisvirtuallyidentical

B.lossoftheabilitytocalculateissevereinwomen,butmuchlesssoinmen

C.amongolderwomen,inductivereasoningisjustasimpairedbyagingasisbasicmath

D.damagetoinductivereasoningamongtheelderlyisaboutequalformenandwomen

E.lossoftheabilitytocalculateissevereinbothmenandwomen

問題4選項

A.usenumbersandunderstandlanguage

B.usenumbersandreadtimetables

C.readtimetablesandusemaps

D.understandlanguageandreadtimetables

E.learnnewfactsandusenumbers

問題5選項

A.istheheadofafoundationthatgivesmoneyforresearchontheproblemsoftheelderly

B.isoneofAmerica’stopgerontologistsstudyingoldpeoplewithabnormallyseverememoryloss

C.istheleaderofatightlycoordinatedresearchassociationstudyinghowtoremainhealthyinoldage

D.isresponsiblefordecidingwhichexpertsonsuccessfulagingwillgetresearchgrantsfromtheMacArthurFoundation

E.istheleaderofalooselycoordinatedgroupofresearchteamsstudyinghowtoremainhealthyinoldage

問題6選項

A.Theolderthepeopleinagroupget,themorecharacteristicstheyshareDifferencesbetweenindividualsinagroupdiminishasageincreases

B.Aspeopleage,certainsimilaritiesincrease,whileothersbecomelessmarked

C.Humanindividualsareverydissimilaratanyage;thisisnolesstrueaspeoplegrowolder

D.Overallresemblancesbetweenmembersofahumangroupdecreaseastheyearsgoby

問題7選項

A.Aheadlineinlastweek’snewspaper

B.Thedateofyoureldestchild’sbirth

C.Yourmother’sname

D.ThemeaningoftheEnglishword“geology”

E.Theformulaforfindingtheareaofatriangle

問題8選項

A.constitutesagreatadvanceincomputersoftware

B.comparessomeonelikethe69-year-oldwomanwithotherwomenandwithotherpeopleofvariousages,butnotwithotheruniversityinstructors

C.willprobablyconfirmmanyofDrSchaie’sfindingsandinvalidatethoseofDrMohs

D.shouldmakeiteasiertodeterminetherelativementalskillsoflargenumbersofpeople

E.willbeoflittleusetoDrSchaiebutveryvaluableforDrMohs

問題9選項

A.marrysomeonequietanddependable

B.seekunityandstabilityinyourmarriage

C.marrysomeonelivelyandcurious

D.avoidwomenwhoarealwaystryingtochangetheirsituations

E.choosesomeonewhowouldratherreadthantravel

問題10選項

A.islimitedtoadiscussionofDrSchaie’srecentresearch

B.surveysrecentdevelopmentsinthestudyofagingandtheelderly

C.givesanoverviewofrecentadvancesintheunderstandingoftherelationbetweenoldageandmentalactivities

D.isprimarilyacriticismoftheexcessiveconcentrationamongearliergerontologistsonseverememorylossbytheelderly

E.explainsrecentadvancesinscientificunderstandingofthephysicalmechanismsofmentaldeclineamongtheaged

問題11選項

A.gerontologistsinterestedinrecentdevelopmentsintheirfield

B.schoolchildrenbeingtaughthowtodealwithdifficultoldpeople

C.doctorswhoneedatechnicalsummaryofrecentadvancesinmentalresearch

D.university-educatedreaderscuriousaboutrecentworkingerontology

E.adultswithsecondary-schooleducationsorlesswhowanttoknowwhatwillhappentotheirmemoriesastheygrowolder

問題12選項

A.supporting

B.supplyingevidencefor

C.disproving

D.bringingintodoubt

E.suspicious

問題13選項

A.anadjectivepertainingtotheactofknowingandjudging

B.averbmeaningtoinventbysuingthepowerofone’sbrain

C.anounrelatedtothewordrecognize

D.anadjectivereferringtotheprocessofaging

E.anounmeaningamentalaction,especiallyoneinvolvingrecognition

問題14選項

A.easy

B.bending

C.difficult

D.strong

E.rigid

問題15選項

A.indicatingadefiniteresult

B.productive

C.stronglysuggestingpossibleresults

D.guaranteeingcertainresults

E.guaranteedbytheevidence

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:E

第3題:E

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:E

第15題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:findithardtorecallthenamesofeverfacultymembers（發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很難記起曾經(jīng)的同事的名字）。干擾項為C:很難記起一些自己的同事的名字。此處“一些”與原文不符。因此A項“很難記起自己的同事是誰”正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Someartistsandintellectualsremainproductive定位至第三段:Theintellectualandcreativeproductivityinlaterlifeofcertainartistsandintellectualsmayrepresentnotsomuchanexceptionasanideal,someexpertsnowsay(一些專家說,某些藝術家和知識分子晚年的智力和創(chuàng)造性生產(chǎn)力，與其說是一種理想，不如說是一種例外)。由此可知E項“不認為這類人可以被當成普通人的模范”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干問的是DrSchaie的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),據(jù)此定位至第五段第四、五句:Thesharpestdeclinesareseeninbasicmathematics.Bytheirlate80s,bothmenandwomenwereonlyabouthalfasadeptinbasicmathastheyhadbeenintheir50s(最大的下降體現(xiàn)在基本的數(shù)學運算能力上。到80歲末的時候，男女的基本數(shù)學運算能力僅大約是其50歲時的一半)。故E項“男女計算能力的喪失都很嚴重”正確。B項“在計算能力喪失方面，女人比男人更嚴重”與第四、五句的句意不符。第五段第三句:Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen(不同智力水平的下降程度不同，男女的下降程度也不同),可知知A項“男女智力下降的模式幾乎是一致的”及D項“在歸納推理能力喪失方面，男女老年人大約是一致的”不正確。C項“在老年婦女中，歸納推理與基本數(shù)學能力因年齡增長而喪失的程度是一樣”,文中沒有提及。

4.細節(jié)事實題。第六段第三句:Oneofthedrasticdeclinesforwomenprovedtobeinverbalcomprehension,whilethatabilitydroppedrelativelylittleintothe70s,itplummetedbyaboutone-quarterduringthe80s(女人遭受的最嚴重智力下降之一被證明是在語言理解能力上，它在女人邁入70歲時下降的相對較少，但等他們到80歲的時，它就會很快下降差不多25%)及第三題的分析“85歲女人的數(shù)學運算能力也會大大降低”得知正確答案為A“使用數(shù)字及理解語言”。

5.細節(jié)事實題。第四段第三句說DrJackRowe是“aleadingexpertinthefield”(老年學研究領域的前沿專家)。第四句說:DrRoweheadsaresearchnetworkonsuccessfulagingsponsoredbytheMacArthurFoundation(DrRowe領導一個受MacArthur基金贊助的有關成功老齡化的研究網(wǎng)絡)。由此可知C項“是一個協(xié)調(diào)緊密的研究協(xié)會的領導，該協(xié)會研究如何保持老年健康”正確。

6.語義題。題干意思為:在老年人中，人與人之間的差異都很大：一組人的年齡越大，組員之間的差異就更大。因此E項“人類群體中成員間的整體相似性隨年齡的増加而減少”正確。

7.推理判斷題。第七段:“Crystallized”memory,ie,vocabularyorotherknowledgeaccumulatedovertheyearsholdsupverywellintooldage(固態(tài)記憶指經(jīng)年累積的詞匯或其它知識，其能很好地保持到年老時)。因此A項“上周報紙的一個標題”不屬于固態(tài)記憶。

8.推理判斷題。DrSchaie的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen(不同智力水平的下降率不同，男女的下降率也不同)。DrRichardMons的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):differentkindsofmemorydifferintheirvulnerabilitytoaging(不同類型的記憶在其易老化性上有所不同)。DouglasPowellandKeanWhitla的研究方式:designedacomputerizedtestofmentalskillslikelong-termandshort-termmemory,attention,reasoningandcalculation(設計了一個關于長期和短期記憶、注意力、推理和計算等心理技能的計算機測試);comparesaperson’sscorewithnormsforothersofthesameage,forpeoplewhoarestillinmiddleageandforothersintheirownprofessionalgroup(將一個人的分數(shù)與其他同齡人、中年人和其他專業(yè)人士的標準進行比較)。因此可知這些人的研究方向是有重疊的，故C項“將有可能證實DrSchaie的一些發(fā)現(xiàn)，卻會讓DrMons的發(fā)現(xiàn)失效”正確。

9.推理判斷題。第九段:asuccessfulcareerorsomeotherinvolvementthroughlifeandcontinuingkeenmentalinterestsafterretirement（一份成功的事業(yè)或生活中的其它活動，退休后保持強烈的精神情趣）及whoadapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces（容易適應變化，喜歡學習新東西與去新的地方）,這些都被DrSchaie認為是在年老時精神功能良好的預示，研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)僅僅與具有這些特點的人生活都是受益的（Thestudyalsofoundthatsimplylivingwithsomeonewiththesecharacteristicsisbeneficial）,并且DrSchaie說“Ithelpstohaveahigh-functioningspouse（有一個高功能的配偶是有幫助的）。因此如果向DrSchaie征求關于尋找伴侶的意見,他更會建議“與一個充滿活力與好奇心的人結婚”。

10.主旨大意題。文章主要講老年人的智力變化與其年齡增長的關系知C項“概述了在了解年齡增長與智力活動之間的關系方面取得的最新進展”正確。

11.主旨大意題。題干意思是:假如一般人不太可能知道geron是希臘語的詞根，意思是“老人”（見第22行），我們可以合理地推斷這篇文章針對的人群是。該文章主要講老年人的智力變化與其年齡增長的關系,而且專業(yè)性不是很強。因此D項“接受過大學教育并對老年學研究進展感興趣的的讀者”正確。

12.詞義題。Challenging所在句:Thefindingsarechallengingsomebasicassumptions,likethebeliefthatsuchdeclineisanaturalpartoftheagingprocess,irrespectiveofgeneralhealth(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)對一些基本假設提出了挑戰(zhàn)，比如認為這種下降是衰老過程的自然組成部分，與一般健康狀況無關),因此這里的challenging為動詞,因此D項“質疑”正確。

13.詞義題。cognitive（認知的，認識的）本身是形容詞，可以直接排除B項(動詞,表示…),C項與E項(名詞,表示…)。Cognitive所在句:From20to30percentofpeopleintheir80swhovolunteerforcognitivetestingperformaswellasvolunteersintheir30sand40s,whoarepresumablyintheirmentalprime(在80多歲自愿參加認知測試的人中，有20%到30%的人表現(xiàn)出色，30多歲和40多歲的人也表現(xiàn)出色，他們大概處于精神發(fā)育的最佳時期)。因此A項“與認識與判斷行為相關的一個形容詞”正確。

14.詞義題。對aflexibleattitude的解釋為:adapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces(容易適應變化，喜歡學習新東西與去新的地方)。故flexible的意思為“靈活多變”。其反義詞為E項“僵硬的，死板的”。

15.詞義題。Promising所在句:Havingaflexibleattitudeinmiddleagewasalsoapromisingindicator(中年時態(tài)度靈活也是一個很有前途的指標)。因此Promising表示”有希望的，有前途的”。故選C“有力地暗示可能結果”。

4.填空題

Thisafternoonwe’remeetingwith（1）E.U.environmentalofficialandsomeAustralianspecialiststotalkabouthowto（2）groundwaterpollutionintheTianjinarea.

【答案】1.an

2.prevent

【解析】1.語法題。考查不定冠詞。第一個空格后的“official官員”為單數(shù)知第一個空格應填一個不定冠詞a或an,再由EU的發(fā)音“[，i:'ju:]"中第一個字母為元音發(fā)音知第一個空應填“an”。

2.語義題。句意:探討天津地區(qū)地下水污染防治對策

5.單選題

Asyoucantellfromhowanimatedheis.Charlesisnottiredenoughtogotobedyet.Hewouldn’tsleepifhegoestobednow.

問題1選項

A.Asyoucan

B.howanimatedheis

C.tiredenough

D.hegoestobed

E.沒有問題

【答案】D

【解析】時態(tài)錯誤。hegoestobed改為weretogotobed,主句和從句部分都是表示與將來事實相反，主句用would/could+動詞原形，從句用wereto/should+動詞原形。

6.填空題

Let’sgetataxi,（1）we?It’s（2）alongwalkandI’mfeelingalittletired.It（3）bejetlagthat’scausingmetorunoutof（4）.Ifeltfinethismorning,butit’sonlybeentwodays（5）IflewbackfromNewYork.

【答案】1.shall

2.really

3.must

4.energy

5.when

【解析】1.固定句式。Letus的反義疑問用shallwe。

2.語義題。句意:真是好長一段距離?？瞻滋幮杼钊胍粋€程度副詞，故可以用really。

3.語法題?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞。表示“肯定的推測”。

4.固定搭配。runoutofenergy沒有能量了。

5.語義題。句意:但我從紐約飛回來才兩天。When為引導詞o

7.填空題

Don'ttrytousethatprinter.It'sbeenoutof（

）forages.Idon’tknowwhytheystillhaven’trepairedit.

【答案】order

【解析】固定搭配。outoforder發(fā)生故障。

8.單選題

Theborderguardsmadeustogetoutofthecarwhiletheycheckedit

fordrugs,weaponsandotherforbiddenitems.

問題1選項

A.borderguardsmadeusto

B.getoutofthecar

C.whiletheycheckeditfordrugs

D.otherforbiddenitems

E.沒有問題

【答案】A

【解析】介詞誤用。去掉to。make“使得；進行”為使役動詞,后面一般跟動詞原形。

9.填空題

AnnWithingtongota（1）withamajorinsurancefirmafewmonths

aftershe（2）fromuniversity.（3）shereceivedlittleencouragement（4）hernewboss,sheworkedhardandsoonbecameverygoodathertasksandduties.Thankstohersunnytemperamentandwillingnesstohelphercolleagues,shesoonbecamequite（5）aswell.Inherfirstfiveyearswiththecompanyshewas（6）

twice,and（7）timehersalarywentupsubstantially.

Butthenhercareertookaturnfortheworse.Herfirstdirector,amanin

（8）fifties,was（9）withayoungerwomanwhoseemedtoregardAnnasarival.Sheconstantly（10）herworkbutneverofferedany（11）abouthowitcouldbeimproved.WeekspassedandAnntriedher（12）topleasethenewdirector,buttherewasnochangeinthelatter’s（13）towardsher.

EventuallyAnn'smooddarkened,andshebegantolookintootherpossibilities.Whenherrequestfora（14）tothecompany’sSeattleofficewasblockedbyherboss,shedecideditwastimeforaction.Shebegananambitiousjobhuntthatledtoatentativeofferfromoneofheremployer’scompetitors.Justasshewasgetting（15）toannouncethatshewasquittingherjobinamonth,shewascalledintoherboss’sofficeandabruptly（16）.Thiswasagreat（17）.Admittedly,herrelationswithherbosswerepoor,butshehadalways（18）outherdutiesconscientiously.

Afterthinkingoverhersituation,shedecidednotto（19）aboutthe

unfairnessofherdirector'sdecision.Thetentativejobofferfromtheothercompanywassoon

（20）

;Annaccepteditandneverlookedback.

句意:

安?威辛頓在大學畢業(yè)后幾個月就在一家較大保險公司找到了工作。雖然她的新老板并沒有給予她多少鼓勵，但是她工作勤勤懇懇，很快就適應了工作。由于她的脾氣好且樂意幫助人，不久后她就變得很受大家歡迎。在她進入這家公司的頭五年里，她被提拔了兩次，每次工資都漲了很多。但是這之后她的事業(yè)就開始走下坡路。她的第一任主管，一位50多歲的男性，很滿意將安視為競爭對手的一個更年輕的女員工。她不斷批評她（即Ann）的工作，但卻未就如何改進工作給出任何建議。數(shù)周過去了，安盡最大的努力去讓這位新主管滿意，但是后者對她的態(tài)度沒有任何改變。最終，安的心情也變得一片灰暗，于是她開始尋求新的出路。她申請到公司在西雅圖的分支機構工作，這一請求被老板攔下。她認為是時候采取行動了。她滿腔熱情地開始尋找工作，最后從公司的競爭對手那里獲取得到了一份工作機會。正當她準備宣布在一個月后辭職時，她被老板叫到了辦公室，然后被突然告知自己被解雇了。這是個極大的侮辱。誠然，她與老板的關系很差，但是她依然認真地履行她的職責。再三思考之后，她決定不去抱怨她的主管決定的不公。不久，新單位的入職通知書到了，安頭也不回地離開了。

【答案】1.job

語義題。getajob找到一份工作

2.graduated

固定搭配。graduatefromuniversity從大學畢業(yè)。

3.Although

邏輯銜接。后面的句意：她仍舊在努力工作，然而老板并沒有重視她。

4.from

固定搭配。Receiveencouragementfrom得到…的鼓勵。

5.popular

邏輯銜接。因為脾氣好，且樂意幫助人，自然就會受到愛戴。

6.promoted

邏輯銜接。工作干得好，就會被提拔重用。

7.each

語義題。Eachtime每次

8.his

固定搭配。Inone’s+基數(shù)詞的復數(shù)形式：在…歲的時候。

9.pleased

固定搭配。bepleasedwithsb.對某人感到滿意

10.criticized

邏輯銜接。由前面的關鍵詞“regardAnnasarival將Ann視為競爭對手”可推測這里“她不斷批評她（即Ann）的工作”。

11.advice

語義題。這里指提出建議。

12.best

固定搭配。tryone’sbest盡力。

13.attitude

邏輯銜接。由關鍵詞“but但是”知后者沒有改變對她（即Ann）的態(tài)度。

14.transfer

由空格后的關鍵詞“thecompany’sSeattleoffice公司的西雅圖辦事處”知這里指代“工作調(diào)換”。

15.ready

固定搭配。get/bereadyto為..做準備

16.fired

由最后一段中的“...theunfairnessofherdirector'sdecision她主管決定的不公平”及“上級并不喜歡她，她又準備跳槽”可推知“被叫到辦公室后被突然解雇”。

17.insult

語義題。句意:被突然解雇當然是一個巨大的侮辱。

18.caried

固定搭配。。carryout執(zhí)行，履行。

19.complain

固定搭配。complainaboutsth抱怨某事。

20.coming

邏輯銜接。她接受了且再也沒有回頭，所以新的工作機會很快就來了。

【解析】1.語義題。getajob找到一份工作

2.固定搭配。graduatefromuniversity從大學畢業(yè)。

3.邏輯銜接。后面的句意：她仍舊在努力工作，然而老板并沒有重視她。

4.固定搭配。Receiveencouragementfrom得到…的鼓勵。

5.邏輯銜接。因為脾氣好，且樂意幫助人，自然就會受到愛戴。

6.邏輯銜接。工作干得好，就會被提拔重用。

7.語義題。Eachtime每次

8.固定搭配。Inone’s+基數(shù)詞的復數(shù)形式：在…歲的時候。

9.固定搭配。bepleasedwithsb.對某人感到滿意

10.邏輯銜接。由前面的關鍵詞“regardAnnasarival將Ann視為競爭對手”可推測這里“她不斷批評她（即Ann）的工作”。

11.語義題。這里指提出建議。

12.固定搭配。tryone’sbest盡力。

13.邏輯銜接。由關鍵詞“but但是”知后者沒有改變對她（即Ann）的態(tài)度。

14.由空格后的關鍵詞“thecompany’sSeattleoffice公司的西雅圖辦事處”知這里指代“工作調(diào)換”。

15.固定搭配。get/bereadyto為..做準備

16.由最后一段中的“...theunfairnessofherdirector'sdecision她主管決定的不公平”及“上級并不喜歡她，她又準備跳槽”可推知“被叫到辦公室后被突然解雇”

17.語義題。句意:被突然解雇當然是一個巨大的侮辱。

18.固定搭配。carryout執(zhí)行，履行。

19.固定搭配。complainaboutsth抱怨某事。

20.邏輯銜接。她接受了且再也沒有回頭，所以新的工作機會很快就來了。

10.單選題

Eventhoughcultureswidelyassumethatboysarestrongerandsturdierthangirls,basicbiologicalweaknessesarebuiltintothemaleofourspecies.Firstofall,humanmalesseemtobeslowlydisappearing.MotherNaturehasalwaysacknowledgedandcompensatedforthefragilityandlossofboysbyarrangingformoreofthem:106malebirthsto100femalenewbornsoverthecourseofhumanhistory.Butinrecentdecades,fromtheUnitedStatestoJapan,fromCanadatonorthernEurope,whereverresearchershavelooked,therateofmalenewbornshasdeclined.ExaminingUSbirthrecordsfortheyearsbetween1970and1990,theyfound1.7fewerboysper1,000thanindecadesandcenturiespast;Japan'slossinthesamedecadeswas3.7boys.

Boysarealsomorethantwo-thirdsmorelikelythangirlstobebomprematurelybeforethe37thweekofpregnancy.And,despiteadvancesinpublichealth,boysinthe1990sfaceda30percenthigherchanceofdeathbytheirfirstbirthdaythangirls;incontrast,backinthe1750s,theywereonly10percentmorelikelythangirlstodiesoearlyintheirlives.

Oncetheymakeittochildhood,boysfaceotherchallenges.Theyaremorepronetoarangeofneurologicaldisorders.Autism自閉癥isnotoriouslyhigheramongboysthangirls:nownearlyfivetimesmorelikely,astalliedbytheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Theyaremoresusceptiblethangirlstodamagefromverylow-levelexposuretolead.Yetanotherproblem:boyssufferfromasthmaathigherrates.There'salsoastrongerlinkbetweenairpollutionandautisminboys.

Whydoboysfacesuchaburdenofphysicalchallenges?Theansweristhatthemale’sproblemsstartinthewomb:fromhismorecomplicatedfetaldevelopment,tohisgeneticmakeup,tohowhishormoneswork.Thenine-monthtransformationfromafewcellstoaninfantisatimeofgreatvulnerability.Manychronicillnessesareseededinthewomb.Inourspecies,thefemaleisthedefaultgender,thebasicsimplermodel:Humansstartoutinthewombwithfemalefeatures(thatiswhymaleshavenipples).Thecomplicatedtransformationinthewombfromfemaletomaleexposesthemaletoajourneypackedwithspecialperils.Whenthefirstblastoftestosterone睪酮fromtheYgenecomesalongatabouttheeighthweek,theunisexbrainhastomorphintoamalebrain,killingoffsomecellsinthecommunicationcentersandgrowingmorecellsinthesexandaggressioncenters.Thesimplerfemalereproductivesystemhastoturnintothemorecomplexmalereproductivetract,developingtissuessuchasthetestisandprostate前列腺.Further,ittakesagreaternumberofcelldivisionstomakeamale;witheachcomesthegreaterriskofanerroraswellasthegreatervulnerabilitytoahitfrompollutants.

Ontopofthatchallenge,thehumanmale’sXYchromosome染色體combinationissimplymorevulnerable.ThetwoXXsinthefemaleversionofourspeciesoffersomeprotection:IndisorderswhereoneXchromosomehasageneticdefect,thefemale’shealthybackupchromosomecantakeover.ButwithhissingleXchromosome,themalelacksahealthycopyofthegenetofallbackon.TheXchromosome,whichnevershrank,isalsoalargerchromosome“withfarmoregeneticinformationthantheYchromosome，’’findsIrvaHertz-Piciotto,aUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisautismresearcher,“sotheremaybesomeinherentlossofkeyproteinsforbraindevelopmentorrepairmechanismsinboys.”Thisisacluetothehigherautismrateamongboys,sheasserts.

Femalesalsohaveastrongerimmunesystembecausetheyarepackedwithestrogen雌激素，ahormonethatcounteractstheantioxidantprocess.“Estrogenprotectsthebrain,”explainsTheodoreSlotkin,professorofneurobiologyatDukeUniversity'sSchoolofMedicine.“Itrepairsandreplaces,evenafterneuralinjury,”Lowestrogenevenleavesboysmoresensitivetoheadinjuries.Themalebrain“issimplyamorefragileapparatus,moresensitivetoalmostallbraininsults,”saysleadpoisoningexpertHerbertNeedleman.

Itisthehighlevelsoftestosteroneinthewombatcriticaltimesingestation,accordingtoBritishpsychopathologistSimonBaron-Cohen,thatareresponsibleforwhathecalls“theextrememalebrain”--thekindexhibitedbyautisticboys-lowinempathy,highinsystematizing.AndinfactUSresearchersinrecentdecadeshavefoundunusuallylowestrogenandhightestosteronelevelsamongboyswithautism.

Ifthebalanceofhormonesisoutofwhackinmales,whatmadethathappen?Researchersarecomingupwithsomeclues.IntheNewYorkCityneighborhoodsnearColumbiaUniversity'sCenterforChildren’sEnvironmentalHealth,familiesforyearsroutinelysprayedtheirapartmentswithapopularinsecticide,chlorpyrifos,untilitwasbannedfromhouseholdusein2001.TheresearchersfoundthatprenatalexposuretothechemicalseemedtohavemoreofaneffectonreducingtheIQsofboysthangirls.Disruptionoftheirmalehormonesmaybethereason,“Onepossibleexplanationforthegreatersensitivityofboystochlorpyrifosisthattheinsecticideactsasanendocrinedisruptor肉分泌'干擾素tosuppresssex-specifichormones,”saidstudyleaderMeganHortonofColumbia.

Similarly,pregnantmothers'exposuretophthalates鄰苯二甲酸酉旨一usedinmakingsomevinyl乙矯基productsandtoysaswellassomepersonalcareproducts-hasbeenlinkedtobiggerchangesinthebehavior,suchasaggressionandattentionproblems,ofthei