2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號52

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

The（

）ofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceofsomephysicalaspectinthelifestyleofthepeople.

問題1選項

A.implementation

B.manifestation

C.demonstration

D.expedition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。implementation“履行，執(zhí)行”；manifestation“表現(xiàn)，顯示”；demonstration“演示，證明”；expedition“遠(yuǎn)征，探險”。句意：一種文化現(xiàn)象的表現(xiàn)形式通常是人們生活方式中某些物質(zhì)方面的必然結(jié)果。B項符合句意，答案B

2.單選題

The（

）inJanet'scharacterhashinderedherfromadvancementinhercareer.

問題1選項

A.weakness

B.merit

C.defect

D.shortcoming

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。weakness“弱點，嗜好”；defect“不足，缺陷”；shortcoming“缺點，短處”；merit“優(yōu)點”。句意：詹妮特的性格缺陷阻礙了她事業(yè)的進(jìn)步。由hinder“阻礙”可知性格方面的不足阻礙了她的進(jìn)步。只有C符合題意。答案C

3.單選題

Thereareseveral（

）betweentheoriginalestimatesofthecostandtheactualbills.

問題1選項

A.exaggerations

B.discrepancies

C.breakthroughs

D.compliances

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。exaggerations夸張，夸大；discrepancies偏差，差異；breakthroughs突破；compliances服從，聽從。句意：在最初的支出預(yù)算和實際賬單之間有一些偏差。根據(jù)theoriginalestimatesofthecostandtheactualbills可知，這兩者之間的關(guān)系只可能是有偏差，答案B

4.單選題

Manyoftheinventionsthatmadepeople（

）andhavedeterminedthedirectionofAmericanindustrywererelatedtoagricultureandfoodproduction.

問題1選項

A.affluent

B.abundant

C.sufficient

D.bankrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。affluent富裕的，豐富的；abundant充裕的，豐富的；用來形容物。sufficient足夠的，充足的；bankrupt破產(chǎn)的。句意：許多使人民生活富足并且決定了美國產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展方向的發(fā)明都與農(nóng)業(yè)和食品生產(chǎn)有關(guān)。由inventions可知發(fā)明都是為了讓人類的生活更好，故可推知這些發(fā)明使人民生活富足。答案A

5.單選題

（

）thecaraccident,theywouldhavearrivedearlier.

問題1選項

A.Exceptfor

B.Butfor

C.Besides

D.Savefor

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。exceptfor除了……以外；butfor要不是……；besides此外，而且；savefor保存為，除……之外。句意：要不是那場車禍，他們可能早就到了。由下文theywouldhavearrivedearlier可知該句表示的是與過去事實相反的虛擬。butfor+n/pron，用于虛擬語氣。故答案B

6.單選題

Childrenarealways（

）aboutthingstheydonotknow.

問題1選項

A.queer

B.strange

C.curious

D.quaint

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。queer“奇怪的，異常的”；strange“奇怪的，陌生的”；curious“好奇的”；quaint“奇怪的，離奇有趣的”。句意：孩子們總是對未知事物充滿好奇。C項符合題意，答案C

7.單選題

Aloneinthedesertedhouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefelt（

）lonely.

問題1選項

A.nothingbut

B.anythingbut

C.allbut

D.everythingbut

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。nothingbut只有，只不過；anythingbut根本不，決不；allbut幾乎，差不多。句意：雖然他獨自待在一個荒蕪的房子里，但他忙于他的研究工作以至于他一點也不感到孤獨。由“hewassobusywithhisresearchwork”可知，他忙于研究，一點也不覺得孤獨。答案B

8.單選題

Aftertheexamination,thedoctor（

）aprescriptionforme.

問題1選項

A.wroteout

B.wrotein

C.wrotedown

D.wroteoff

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。writeout“寫出，寫下”；writein“寫信提出（要求）”；writedown寫下，記下；writeoff勾銷，取消。句意：醫(yī)生給我檢查完身體后，迅速給我開了處方。此句句意為寫出處方。答案A

9.單選題

Nobodycan（

）herfrommarryinghim,forshealwayshasherownway.

問題1選項

A.prevent

B.preserve

C.present

D.prevail

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。prevent“妨礙，制止”；preserve“保護(hù)，保養(yǎng)”；present“贈送”；prevail“盛行”。句意：沒人能阻止她嫁給他，因為她總是我行我素。根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系，可知答案A

10.單選題

Whatareyour（

）forjudgingabottleofwine?

問題1選項

A.regulations

B.rules

C.premises

D.criteria

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。regulation規(guī)則，規(guī)定；rule規(guī)則，條例；premise假定，前提；criteria標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。句意：你判斷一瓶酒的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么？由judging可知需要一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)才能對事物作出判斷，故D項“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合題意。答案D

11.單選題

Whereassuddengreatdisastersareinstantaneous,others,suchasdroughts,are（

）.

問題1選項

A.cumulative

B.formidable

C.eternal

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cumulative累積的，漸增的；formidable可怕的，強(qiáng)大的；eternal永恒的，不朽的；prospective預(yù)期的，未來的。句意：盡管突發(fā)的大災(zāi)難是瞬間的，然而其他災(zāi)難，比如干旱卻是___。由whereas表示對比關(guān)系可知此空應(yīng)選與“instantaneous即刻的，即時的”意思相反的詞，故A項“累積的”符合題意，答案A

12.單選題

Telecommunicationdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessages（

）television,radioandelectronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmanymessages.

問題1選項

A.via

B.amid

C.past

D.across

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞辨析。via經(jīng)過，通過，憑借；amid在……中間；past越過，超過；across穿過，橫穿。句意：電信的發(fā)展使消息通過電視、收音機(jī)和電子郵件的傳遞得以實現(xiàn)，爆炸式地向人們傳遞大量信息。由空格后的內(nèi)容可知，此空意為通過……的方式，答案A。

13.翻譯題

我們的國家走向現(xiàn)代化，最大的障礙，并不是資源問題，也不是資金問題，更不是技術(shù)問題，而是十幾億人口的素質(zhì)問題。資金可以積累，技術(shù)可以創(chuàng)造，也可以引進(jìn)，但十幾億人口的整體素質(zhì)是無法引進(jìn)的，必須靠我們自己去提高。

據(jù)約略估計，中國品牌約占國內(nèi)冰箱和洗衣機(jī)市場的90%,空調(diào)市場的70%-80%,彩電市場的60%。在許多領(lǐng)域，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量有很大提高。中國一家主要的家電廠商，已經(jīng)從價格轉(zhuǎn)向以質(zhì)量、高效銷售和售后服務(wù)進(jìn)行競爭。

【答案】（1）Onthewaytomodernization,thebiggestobstacletoourcountryisnottheshortageofnaturalresources,northelackoffunds,stilllesstheproblemoftechnology,butratherthequalityofoveronebillionpeople.Fundscanbeaccumulated,technologycanbecreatedorimported,butthequalityofsuchalargepopulation,whichcannotbeintroducedfromabroad,shouldbeimprovedonourown.

（2）It’sroughlyestimatedthatChinesebrandsapproximatelyaccountfor90%domesticmarketshareofrefrigeratorsandwashingmachines,with70%to80%ofairconditioners,60%ofcolorTVs.Inmanyfields,thequalityofChinesebrandproductshasimprovedgreatly.AmajorChinesemanufacturerofhomeapplianceshasorienteditscompetitionfrompricetothequalityofproduct,higheffectivesalesandafter-salesservice.

14.單選題

Anyonenotpayingtheregistrationfeebytheendofthismonthwillbe（

）tohavewithdrawnfromtheprogram.

問題1選項

A.contemplated

B.deemed

C.acknowledged

D.anticipated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析題。contemplate“沉思，注視”；deem“認(rèn)為，視作”；acknowledge“承認(rèn)”；anticipate“預(yù)期，期望”；句意：到本月底還沒有交納注冊費的人將被視為已取消該課程。B項符合句意，答案B

15.單選題

Themorningnewssaysaschoolbus（

）withatrainatthejunctionandagroupofpolicemenweresentthereimmediately.

問題1選項

A.crashed

B.collided

C.bumped

D.struck

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。crash“墜毀、撞壞”；collide“碰撞、抵觸、沖突”，常與with搭配；bump“碰撞、撞擊”，常與into連用；strike“打擊、罷工、猛擊”。句意：據(jù)新聞報道，一輛校車在交叉路口與一列火車相撞，警察立即抵達(dá)事故現(xiàn)場。B項能與with搭配，故答案B

16.單選題

Togiveyouageneralideaofourproducts,weenclosethecataloguesshowingvariousproductshandledbyuswithdetailed（

）andmeansofpacking.

問題1選項

A.specimens

B.inspections

C.paraphrases

D.specifications

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。specimens樣品，范例；inspections檢查，檢閱；paraphrases釋義；specification規(guī)格，參數(shù)。句意：為了讓您對我們的產(chǎn)品有個大概的了解，我們隨函給您附了產(chǎn)品目錄，它展示了多種我們所經(jīng)營的產(chǎn)品，包括詳細(xì)的規(guī)格和包裝方法。D項最符合題意，答案D

17.單選題

Withthegradualimprovementoftransportationandcommunications,farmrshavenowhadeasier（

）tocitiesandtowns.

問題1選項

A.access

B.reach

C.approach

D.touch

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。haveaccessto有接觸（或進(jìn)入、使用）的機(jī)會。句意：隨著交通和通訊的逐漸改善，農(nóng)民現(xiàn)在更容易進(jìn)入城鎮(zhèn)。故答案A。

18.單選題

“（

）arevisitorsallowedtofeedtheanimals."Thewarningcanbeseenonthesignboardinfromeverycage.

問題1選項

A.Inanytime

B.Innotime

C.Onnoaccount

D.Onanyaccount

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inanytime在任何時候；innotime立刻；onnoaccount絕不；onanyaccount任何情況下。句意：“決不允許游客給動物喂食”，每一個籠子前面都可以看到這種警示語。C項符合句意，答案C

19.單選題

Youcannotbe（

）carefulwhenyoudriveacar.

問題1選項

A.very

B.so

C.too

D.enough

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。cannottoo…“再...也不為過”。句意：開車時你再怎么小心也不為過。答案C

20.單選題

In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartofEasternEurope（

）Europeintoagreatwar.

問題1選項

A.imposed

B.pitched

C.inserted

D.plunged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。impose強(qiáng)加，征稅；pitch投擲，傾斜；insert插入；plunge跳入，使陷入。句意：1914年，東歐一件明顯微不足道的小事讓整個歐洲陷入一場大戰(zhàn)爭中。由insignificantevent與agreatwar可知兩者存在聯(lián)系，即小事件引起大戰(zhàn)爭，D項符合題意。答案D

21.翻譯題

Canapersonconsiderhimselfathinking,creative,responsiblecitizenandnotcareabouthistory?Cananinstitutionthatproposestofostersuchattributesdosowithoutincludinghistoryinitscurriculum?Manycollegestudentswouldanswersuchaquestionwithanimmediate"Yes!"Butthosewhoarequicktoanswerdosowithoutreflectingonwhathistorytrulyisandhowandwhyitisimportant.

Historyisboring,complainmanystudents.Unfortunately,alotofpeoplepickupabadtasteofhistoryfromtheprimaryandsecondaryschools.Toomanylower-levelhistorycourses(andcollegelevel,too)arerifewithrotememorizationofdatesandeventsdeemedimportantbytheteacherandtextbooks,coupledwithmonotonelecturesthatcouldinducecomasinhyperactivechildren.

InsteadofsimplymakingstudentsmemorizewhenPearlHarborwasattackedbyJapanese,teachersshouldconcentrateoninstillinganunderstandingofwhytheJapanesefelttheyhadnoalternativebuttoattacktheUnitedStates.Historyisadisciplineofunderstanding,notmemorization.

Anothercommoncomplaintisthathistoryisunimportant.Buteventhemostfanaticantihistorystudents,iftheywerehonest,wouldhavetoadmitthathistoryisimportantatleastwithinthenarrowconfinesoftheirowndisciplinesofstudy.Whybeanartistifyouaremerelygoingtorepeatthepast(andprobablynotasexpertly,sinceyouwouldhavetospendyourtimeformulatingtheoriesRevolutionagain?Howcouldanyonehopetobeamathematician,orascientist,withoutknowingthefield'shistory?Evenageniusneedsabasefromwhichtobuild.Historyhelpsprovidethatbase.

【答案】（1）一個人可以自認(rèn)為是有思想、有創(chuàng)造性、有責(zé)任心的人，卻對歷史毫不在意嗎？一所提倡培養(yǎng)人的這類優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)的學(xué)院會沒有歷史課程嗎？

（2）很多低年級的歷史課程（甚至是大學(xué)的歷史課程）都只是要求學(xué)生對老師和教科書認(rèn)為重要的歷史日期和事件進(jìn)行死記硬背，還伴隨著枯燥乏味的講課，使原本思想活躍的學(xué)生都變得昏昏欲睡。

（3）老師們不宜讓學(xué)生只是簡單記住日本偷襲珍珠港事件的時間，還應(yīng)該將日本為何別無選擇地襲擊美國的原因慢慢灌輸給學(xué)生，最終讓他們理解。

（4）然而，即使是那些十分盲目地反對歷史的學(xué)生，只要他們還算誠實，也不得不承認(rèn)，至少在他們自己所學(xué)的學(xué)科中，歷史對他們來說是重要的。

（5）如果一個人不知道數(shù)學(xué)界或科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的歷史，他又怎能有望成為數(shù)學(xué)家或者科學(xué)家呢？即使是頗有天賦的人，也需要有一個良好的基礎(chǔ)去發(fā)展成為天才。歷史就是幫助打牢基礎(chǔ)的關(guān)鍵因素。

22.單選題

Mac’sclose（

）tohisbrothermadepeoplemistakethemforoneanother.

問題1選項

A.resemblance

B.identity

C.appearance

D.relationship

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。resemblanceto“與…相像”。句意：麥克和弟弟長得很相像，人們常常把他們倆認(rèn)錯。由后文“peoplemistakethemforoneanother”可知Mac兩兄弟長得很像。答案A

23.單選題

Tosurvive,psychologicallyaswellasphysically,humanbeingmustinhabitaworldthatisrelativelyfreeofambiguityandreasonablypredictable.Somesortofstructuremustbeplacedupontheendlessprofusionofincomingsignals.Theinfant,bornintoaworldofflashing,hissing,movingimages,soonlearnstoadaptbyresolvingthischaosintotoysandtables,dogsandparents.Evenadultswhohavehadtheirvisionorhearingrestoredthroughsurgerydescribetheworldasafrighteningandsometimesunbearableexperience;onlyafterdaysofeffortaretheyabletotransformblurandnoiseintomeaningfulandthereforemanageableexperiences.

Itiscommonplacetotalkasiftheworld"has"meaning,toaskwhat"is"themeaningofaphrase,agesture,apainting,acontract.Yetwhenthoughtabout,itisclearthateventsaredevoidofmeaninguntilsomeoneassignsittothem.Thereisnoappropriateresponsetoaboworahandshake,ashoutorawhisper,untilitisinterpreted.Adropofwaterandthecolorredhavenomeaning,theysimplyexist.Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.

Peopleareneverpassivereceivers,merelyabsorbingeventsofobvioussignificance,butareactiveinassigningmeaningtosensation.Whatanyeventacquiredinthewayofmeaningappearstoreflectatransactionbetweenwhatistheretobeseenorheard,andwhattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.

Thediversityofreactionsthatcanbetriggeredbyasingleexperience-meetingastranger,negotiatingacontract,attendingatextileconferenceisimmense.Eachobserverisforcedtoseeitthroughhisowneyes,interpretitinthelightofhisownvalues,fitittotherequirementsofhisowncircumstances.Asaconsequence,everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.EachwillacceptsonicrelationsamongthefactsanddenyothersEachwillarriveatsomeconclusion,tentativeorcertain,asthesoundsandformsresolveintoa"temple"or"barn",a"compliment"or"insult".

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（

）.

2.Inordertoassignmeaningtoanythingintheworld,oneneedsto

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticleisto（

）.

問題1選項

A.theworldisbewilderingtotheinfantandtotheadultalike.

B.surgerywillrestoreameaningfulworldtothosewhoundertakeit

C.anyresponsetotheworldwouldbeimpossibleifmeaningwerenotfirstassignedtoit

D.theworldwillbedevoidofmeaningifpeoplefailtounderstandthespecialincomingsignals

問題2選項

A.haveafullknowledgeofthestructureoftheworld

B.transformtheincomingsignals,withthehelpofpreviousexperiences,sothattheycanserveone'sownpurpose

C.differentiateincomingsignalsthatareofsignificanceandthosethatarenot

D.beendowedwithcreativeness

問題3選項

A.Onlyvisualimagescanbeassignedmeaning

B.Incomingsignalsexistforthepurposeofconveyingmeaningtopeople

C.Anindividualmighthavetoadapthimselftothediversifiedexperienceinthisworld

D.Peoplemayhavedifferentresponsestothesameincomingsignal.

問題4選項

A.illustratethedifferentperspectivespeoplemaytakeininterpretinganexperience

B.showthatmeaningisbutasubjectivematter

C.demonstratehowwecanassignmeaningtotheworld

D.arguethatoneneedstohavesomeinsighttounderstandtheworld

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句“Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.人類感知的目的是使世界變得可理解，以便成功地管理世界;意義的歸屬是行動的前提和準(zhǔn)備?！笨芍狢項“如果世界沒有提前被賦予具體意義，那么對于世界的任何反應(yīng)都是不可能的”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第三段可知“whattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.這是解釋者根據(jù)過去的經(jīng)驗和普遍的動機(jī)而得出的結(jié)論。因此，意義的歸屬始終是一個創(chuàng)造性的過程，通過這個過程，原始的感覺被轉(zhuǎn)化為符合觀察者的目標(biāo)。”答案B

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.每個觀察者從不同的角度來看待每一個對象和信息。每個人都會注意到一些特征而忽略其他的?！笨芍狣項正確，答案D

第4題:主旨大意題。文章第一段就提到，世界必須被賦予具體的意義。以及第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.人們看待事物的視角和觀點不同，那么賦予事物的含義也會不同?！笨芍恼伦髡叩膶懽髂康氖潜砻魇挛锏暮x都是人賦予的，是主觀的東西。答案B

24.單選題

Tosaythatthechildlearnsbyimitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.Nochildimitateseveryactionhesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimtofollowisifporedwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.Thereforewemustturntoamoresubtletheorythan"Monkeysee,monkeydo."

Lookatitfromthechild'spointofview.Hereheisinanewsituation,lackingareadyresponse.Heisseekingaresponsewhichwillgaincertainends.Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.

Thereisasecondelementatworkinthissituation.Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.Whenshoutingacrossthehouseachieveshisimmediateendofdeliveringamessage,heistoldemphaticallythatsucharacket(叫嚷)isunpleasant,thatheshouldwalkintothenextroomandsayhissayquietly.Thus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.Oneoftheearlythingsthechildlearnsisthathegetsmoreattentionandapprovalwhenhisparentslikehisresponse.Thenotheradultsrewardsomeactionsandcriticizeothers.Ifoneistomaintainthesupportofothersandhisownself-respect,hemustadoptresponseshissocialgroupapproves.

Infindingtrialresponses,thelearnerdoesnotchoosemodelsatrandom.Heimitatesthepersonwhoseemsagoodpersontobelike,ratherthanapersonwhosesocialstatushewishestoavoid.Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers,whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.

Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.Weusepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.

1.Forachildthefirstelementinhislearningis（

）.

2.Apartfromachievinghisdesiredresult,achildshouldalsolearnto

（

）.

3.Childrentendtoimitatethemodels

（

）.

4."Anidentifyingfigure"(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson（

）.

問題1選項

A.theneedtofindanauthority

B.theneedtofindawaytoachievethedesiredresult

C.theneedformoreaffectionfromhisparents

D.thedesiretomeetthestandardsofhissocialgroup

問題2選項

A.behaveproperly

B.attainhisgoalassoonaspossible

C.showhisaffectionforhisparents

D.talkquietly

問題3選項

A.whodonotcriticizethem

B.whobringthemunexpectedrewards

C.whomtheywanttobelike

D.whosesocialstatusishigh

問題4選項

A.whoservesasamodelforothers

B.whoisalwayssuccessful

C.whocanbedependedupon

D.whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.如果兒童對新情況缺乏一個快速的反應(yīng)，并且不能推斷出該做什么，他就會觀察學(xué)習(xí)那些能給出正確結(jié)果的人。孩子尋找權(quán)威人士或?qū)＜襾砀嬖V他們該做什么?！笨芍⒆幽７聦W(xué)習(xí)的首要原因是他們需要找到一種能得到想要的結(jié)果的方式，他們并不是模仿所有的東西。由此可知B項正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第三段的舉例及“Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.孩子也許能夠達(dá)到他的直接目標(biāo)，但卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他的方法招致了觀察他的人的批評?！币约啊癟hus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.因此，解決任何客觀情況的愿望都被以恰當(dāng)方式解決問題的愿望所覆蓋。”可知用適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒▉斫鉀Q問題很重要。答案A

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第四段“Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers,whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.如果一個學(xué)生想成為一名優(yōu)秀的小提琴手，他會觀察并嘗試模仿有能力的演奏者的技巧，如果他喜歡閱讀，那么書本上的對他影響最大的人可能是其想模仿的對象?！惫蔆項正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第五段第一句“Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.欣賞一個人的某種品質(zhì)常常會令我們仰慕整個人，這個人就變成了我們的榜樣。由“admireapersonasawhole”可推斷出該詞意為“榜樣”，故答案A

25.單選題

Wehaveinvested（

）￡80,000inthisproject,buttillnowthereisnohopeforustogetapennyback.

問題1選項

A.subsequently

B.unexpectedly

C.approximately

D.reluctantly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。subsequently“隨后”；unexpectedly“出乎意料地”；approximately“大約”；reluctantly“不情愿地”。句意：盡管我們已在這個項目上投資了大約8萬英鎊，但是直到現(xiàn)在我們拿回一分錢的希望都沒有。C項最符合句意，故答案C

26.單選題

Anargumentwas（

）becausetheydislikeeachothersomuch.

問題1選項

A.ridiculous

B.inevitable

C.excessive

D.conservative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ridiculous“荒唐的，荒謬的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；excessive“過量的”；conservative“保守的”。句意：由于他們彼此都很討厭對方,所以爭論就難以避免。根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系可知B項符合句意，答案B

27.單選題

Iwouldneverhave（

）acourtoflawifIhadn'tbeensodesperate.

問題1選項

A.soughtfor

B.accountedfor

C.turnedup

D.resortedto

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。seekfor“尋求，追求”；accountfor“對…做出解釋”；turnup“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”；resortto“依靠，求助于，訴諸”。句意：如果我沒到如此絕望的地步，我是不會訴諸法律的。根據(jù)前后句意可知D項符合，答案D

28.單選題

Mrs.Blackfindsthatherpianohasalwayshadthemagicpoweroftakingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylifeand（

）hertofairylandofherownonceshestartedtoplay.

問題1選項

A.transforming

B.transporting

C.transplanting

D.transcending

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。transform“改變，使…變形”；transport“運輸，運送”；transplant“移植，遷移”；transcend“勝過”。句意：Black夫人發(fā)現(xiàn)每當(dāng)她彈鋼琴，她的鋼琴就有將自己帶離日常生活的糟糕現(xiàn)實并且將她帶到自己擁有的樂園的魔力。由takingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylife及tofairyland可知“將Black夫人從糟糕的現(xiàn)實運送到樂園”符合邏輯，答案B

29.單選題

Withkeen（

）,convincingfactsandaglobalangle,theauthorvividlyrecordedabrilliantpageofthegreatChineserevolution.

問題1選項

A.inspection

B.intellectual

C.intention

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似詞辨析。inspection檢查，檢驗；intellectual智力的，有才智的；intention意圖；insight洞察力，洞悉。句意：通過敏銳的洞察力、有說服力的事實和全球化的視角，作者生動地記錄了中國革命偉大輝煌的一頁。空格處應(yīng)填一個名詞，首先排除B項。再根據(jù)句意可知D項最合適。答案D

30.單選題

Themanagergaveherhis（

）thathercomplaintwouldbeinvestigated.

問題1選項

A.consent

B.conception

C.assurance

D.insurance

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。consent同意；conception概念，設(shè)想；assurance保證，擔(dān)保；insurance保險。句意：經(jīng)理向她保證會調(diào)查處理她的投訴的。由“hercomplaintwouldbeinvestigated.”可知此空意為“經(jīng)理向她保證……”C項符合題意。答案C

31.單選題

Lightingcanbeusednotonlytocreateanatmosphere,butalsoto（

）featuresofthehouse,suchasornamentsorpictures.

問題1選項

A.highlight

B.underline

C.activate

D.upgrade

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。highlight“突出，強(qiáng)調(diào)”；underline“強(qiáng)調(diào)，在…下面劃線”；activate“刺激，使活動”；upgrade“使升級，提升”。句意：燈光的使用不僅能營造一種氛圍，還能突顯出房屋的風(fēng)格，如裝飾或圖畫。A項符合句意，答案A

32.單選題

Theworkers'demandare（

）;theyareaskingforonlyasmallincreaseintheirwages.

問題1選項

A.complicated

B.moderate

C.abnormal

D.commercial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。complicated“復(fù)雜的”；moderate“適度的”；abnormal“不正常的”；commercial“商業(yè)的”。句意：工人們提出了適度的要求：漲一點工資。由后半句的“onlyasmallincrease…”可知這種要求是適度的。B項符合題意，答案B

33.單選題

Theaccountant（

）thousandsofdollarsfromthecharitywhileappearingtobeitsbestfunderraiser.

問題1選項

A.donated

B.validated

C.embezzled

D.certify

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。donate捐贈；validate證實，驗證；embezzled盜用，挪用；certify證明，保證。句意：那個會計盜用善款幾千美元，卻表現(xiàn)出自己是最佳的捐助者。由while可知，前后兩句關(guān)系為轉(zhuǎn)折，后半句提到“最佳捐贈者”，那么前半句句意應(yīng)與之相反。故C項符合題意，答案C

34.單選題

Theprisonerwas（

）ofhiscivillibertyforthreeyears.

問題1選項

A.discharged

B.derived

C.deprived

D.dispatched

【答案】C

【解析】

考查動詞辨析。discharge卸下，放出；derivefrom源自；deprive喪失，剝奪；dispatch派遣，分派。句意：這位囚犯被剝奪了三年的個人自由。C項符合句意。答案C。

35.單選題

Technologyhas（

）thesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformation,thusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople.

問題1選項

A.formulated

B.furnished

C.functioned

D.facilitated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。formulated構(gòu)想出，用公式表示；furnished供應(yīng)，裝備；functioned運行，行使職責(zé)；facilitated促進(jìn)，幫助。句意：科技促進(jìn)了信息的分享和存儲以及信息的傳遞，進(jìn)而使得更多的信息為更多人所用。D項符合句意，答案D。

36.單選題

Architecture,then,isanart,andanyartmustgiveuspleasure,orelseitisbadart,orweareabnormallyblind;weareingeneraltoohardenedand（1）toarchitectureasanart,andtothejoyitmaybringus.It'stheconstantnearness

（2）

architectureduringourentireconsciousexistencethathas

（3）

usinthisway.Weforgetthatitisanartofhereand

（4）

,becauseitiswithuseveryday,and

（5）

wemusthavehousestolivein,weareapttothinkofthem

（6）

asabidingplaces.Thereforewethinkofarchitecture

（7）

somevague,learnedthinghavingtodowithFrenchcathedralsorItalianpalacesorGreektemples,（8）

withNewYorkorChicagostreetsorLosAngelessuburbs.Thisfalsedoctrinehasstrengthenedinusuntiloureyesare

（9）

andourmindsaredeafenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday,andthenweloseallthefinedeeppleasurethatwemight

（10）experiencefromourordinarysurroundings.

問題1選項

A.uninterested

B.unrelated

C.indifferent

D.insensitive

問題2選項

A.to

B.of

C.in

D.from

問題3選項

A.folded

B.blinded

C.sharpened

D.weakened

問題4選項

A.now

B.then

C.there

D.after

問題5選項

A.thus

B.therefore

C.that

D.because

問題6選項

A.solely

B.really

C.practically

D.invariably

問題7選項

A.of

B.like

C.as

D.for

問題8選項

A.and

B.but

C.together

D.not

問題9選項

A.closed

B.dusted

C.blinded

D.dulled

問題10選項

A.otherwise

B.orelse

C.probably

D.alternately

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:A

【解析】第1題:1.D考查形容詞辨析。uninterested不感興趣的；unrelated無關(guān)的；indifferent冷漠的；insensitive麻木的，無感覺的；由hardened冷酷的可知空格處所填單詞意思應(yīng)與其差不多。故D項正確。答案D

第2題:考查介詞辨析。architecture后面的部分做constantnearness的后置定語，故用介詞of修飾，此處意為人們認(rèn)為建筑物總是在那里。答案B

第3題:考查動詞辨析。由orweareabnormallyblind可知此處B項正確。正是因為人們的這種觀點“建筑物總是在那里”使人們對建筑物有了誤解。fold折疊；sharpen削尖，磨快；weaken減少，使變?nèi)?。答案B

第4題:考查固定搭配。hereandnow此時此刻；hereandthere各處；到處。由“becauseitiswithuseveryday建筑物每天都與我們在一起”可推知“所以我們習(xí)慣認(rèn)為建筑物到處都是，而忘記了建筑物是此時此刻的藝術(shù)”故hereandnow符合題意。

第5題:考查連詞辨析。由and可知空格處所填單詞與前面的because并列，也是表示原因，故D項正確。再由空格后面的“weareaptto…”也可推斷此空表示一種原因，引出后面的結(jié)果。答案D

第6題:A考查副詞辨析。really實際上；practically實際地；invariably總是，不變地。由上文提到的“我們忘記了將建筑物看作是此時此刻的藝術(shù)”可知此處意為我們僅僅將房子認(rèn)為是不變的地方，A項符合題意。

第7題:考查固定搭配。thinkofsth.assth.“將…看作…”知C項正確，答案C

第8題:考查連詞辨析。由Thisfalsedoctrine及上文“我們將建筑認(rèn)為是與法國大教堂或意大利宮殿或希臘神廟有關(guān)而與紐約或芝加哥街道或洛杉磯郊外無關(guān)”。havesomethingtodowith與…有關(guān)。答案D

第9題:考查動詞辨析。由空格后“ourmindsaredeafenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday我們的頭腦對我們周圍正在創(chuàng)造的一切美好事物充耳不聞”以及and表示并列關(guān)系可推知我們的眼睛也對周圍的美好事物比較遲鈍，感覺不到這些事物的美。dulled“遲鈍的，無趣的”；closed“關(guān)著的”；dusted“拂去灰塵的”；blinded“瞎的，不知情的”。故D項正確。

第10題:考查連詞辨析。前面提到我們的眼睛和心靈都屏蔽了建筑物的美。由此可知如果我們改變態(tài)度多體會的話，我們可能從普通環(huán)境中體會到這些深度的美景。A項最符合語義。orelse要不然，否則，其后一般跟完整的句子；probably“大概”；alternately“交替地”。答案Afenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday中的deafened聽不見的可推知空格處意為看不見的，故答案為A。eyesareclosed看不見的，閉著眼的。

37.單選題

Alargeportionofthepopulationprefersthenon-medicationorientationofpsychology.Ifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.Thereislittlequestionthatpsychologists’prescriptionprivilegescouldhaveprofoundeffectsonthefuturedirectionoftheirprofession.

Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.DatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationrevealedthatpsychiatristsengagingsolelyinpsycho-therapeuticinterventionsearnapproximatelyone-thirdofwhatpsychiatristsdowhoevaluateandmedicatepatients.Thetemptationoffinancialrewardsmaylurepsychologiststoabandontraditionalpsychotherapeuticinterventionsinfavorofamedicalmodel.Itshouldbenoted,though,thatpsychologistsareout-producingpsychiatristsbyaboutthreefold,strongevidencethatthegeneralpublicprefersapsycho-therapeuticapproachoveramedicalone.

Somepsychologistsarguethatgainingtherighttoprescribepsychotropicmedicationwouldeliminatetheneedfortwopractitionersandalleviatetheaddedfinancialburdenplaceduponthepatients.Inthecaseofpsychologistswhosecaseloadsarehighgainingprescriptionprivilegesmayraisequestionsastowhethertheyshouldreferpatientstoanon-prescribingmentalhealthprofessionalfortherapybecausethesepsychologistsincreasinglyarefocusingonevaluationsandmedication,thuslimitingtheirtimeforpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.Psychotropicmedicationsarenotpurportedtocurementaldisordersand.inmostcases,suchdrugsareutilizedinconjunctionwiththerapyasthebestapproachtotreatingpatients.

Legalandethicalissuesassociatedwithpsychologists'prescribingprivilegeswilldependuponthelevelofpracticetheypursue.