unit4翻轉(zhuǎn)共6個文件-課件unit4reading-centered

In-ClassReadingAfter-ClassReading1.BackgroundInformation2.ExtensiveReading3.IntensiveReading4.Exercises1.BackgroundInformation1.PsychologyPsychologytriestoexplainwhypeopleact,think,andfeelthewaytheydo.Itisayoungandgrowingsciencethatcoversabroadrangeofhumanactivities.Psychologistsareinterestednotonlyinhowindividualmindsworkbutalsointhevariousinteractions(交互作用)ofmindsinsociety.2.SigmundFreud

ThewholefieldofpsychoanalysisoriginatedwiththeresearchoftheAustriandoctor,SigmundFreud(1856-1939).Accordingtohistheories,peoplearedrivenbyirrationalforcesorprimitive(原始的)instincts(本能).MuchofFreud’sworkwasbasedonhisinterpretationofdreamsandsexualinstincts.3.Behaviortherapy

Behaviortherapyteachespatientstoquelltheanxietythatarisesfromsocialsituations,andtofacethesesituationsratherthanavoidthem.Itisnotsomethingdonetoapatient;itisastructuredsetoftechniquesthatapatientlearnstoemploywheneveranxiety,panic,fort,dysfunctionoravoidancearises.Itfocusesonspecificstepsapatientcantaketoreduceanxietyandkeepitfromreturning.2.ExtensiveReading1)Pre-Reading2)TextStructure3)ReadingComprehension1)Pre-ReadingWorkinpairstodiscussthefollowingquestions.Whenyouhaveanyhealthproblems,willyoualwaysgotothedoctor?Ifso,whatdoyouexpectfromthedoctor?Words&ExpressionsYouMayUsediagnosetheproblem comfortmewriteaprescription timeconsuminggivesometests aseriouscasegetovertheproblem morewaterSample1WhenIhavehealthproblems,Iwillgotothedoctor.Iwantthedoctortoexamineme,todiagnosetheproblem,towriteaprescriptionortotellmeifthereisanythingIshouldorshouldnotdo.Aboveall,IalwaysexpectthatthedoctorwilltellmethatIwillbeabletogetovertheproblemorrecoverquickly.Iusuallyavoidgoingtothehospitalbecausetoseeadoctorisreallytiringandtime-consuming.WhenIdon’tfeelwellandit’snotaveryseriousillness,whatIusuallydoistohaveagoodrest.Forexample,whenIhaveacold,Iwilldrinklotsofwaterandstayinbed.Ifit’samoreserioushealthproblem,andIcan’trecoverbytakingagoodrest,I’llgotothedoctorandgetsomemedicine.Likemostpeople,Ihopethedoctorwillreassuremebesidesprescribingthemedicineformyillness.Sample22)TextStructurePartIIntroduction(Para.1—2)Whatisplacebo?PartII(Para.3—7)

ThestudyoftheplaceboPartIII(Para.8—9)DifferentcasesinwhichaplacebomayworkPartIV(Para.10—11)TwooppositeattitudestowardstheuseofaplaceboPartV(Para.12)

Conclusion：Itissuggestedthatthehumanmindmaybestrongerthanwethinkitis.3)ReadingComprehension1Workinpairstocompletetheoutlineofthepassage.1Introduction(Paras.1-2)Theterm____________isintroduced:whenitisprescribedandwhatitis.“placebo”2Thestudyoftheplacebo(Paras.3-7)AOneexplanation:____________________________________________________.BTheotherexplanation:__________________________________________________.CThemostpowerfulplaceboofall:___________.Supportingevidence:Firstgroup(ledbyadoctor):______________________gotbetter.Secondgroup(ledbyanurse):_______________________________gotbetter.Theplaceboworksbecausethehumanmindfoolsitself.Theplacebomakesthewishtogetbettererealitythedoctor70percentofthepeopleOnly25percentofthepeople3Differentcasesinwhichaplacebomaywork(Paras.8-9)Theplacebohasbeenfoundtoworkwith__________,_________,______,and_____________________.Anexperimentwasdonetoseeifitworkswitholdpeople:coldsseasickness

coughspainafteranoperationThefirstgroupweregiven______________.Result:___________________________________________________________________________________.Thesecondgroupweregiven________.Result:__________________________________________________________.Thethirdgroupweregiven____________________________________________________________.Result:_________________________________________________________________________.nothingatall.Thefirstgroupshowednochangesfromthewayoldpeopleinthatvillagehadalwaysbeen.placeboThesecondgrouphadmuchbetterhealthandalowerdeathratearealdrugandtoldthatitwouldhelpwiththeproblemsofoldageThethirdgroupshowedmuchthesameresultsasthegroupthattooktheplacebo.4Twooppositeattitudestowardtheuseofaplacebo(Paras.10-11)Somedoctorsthinkthat_____________________________________________________.Othercountriesareknowntohavebeenusingplacebosforhundredsofyears.5Conclusion(Para.12)________________________________________________________________.iftheplacebocanhavebadeffectsitshouldneverbeusedItissuggestedthatthehumanmindmaybestrongerthanwethinkitis.2Thefollowingisasummaryofthepassage.Completeitwithappropriatewordsfromthepassage.Thestudyofthe1)________opensupnewknowledgeaboutthewaythehumanbody2)_______tomedication.Butitisnotyetknownhowplacebos3)______.Somepeoplesayit’sbecausethe4)______isfooledintobelievingitgotmedicine.Butotherpeoplesaythisisnotthe5)_______.Theybelievetheplacebomakesthewishtogetbettere6)_________.Andmanyothersthinkthesuccessofthistreatmentrestsalotwiththe7)______________betweenthepatientandthedoctor.Ifthepatienthasalotof8)________inthedoctor,thenplaceboreactsworkmindcaserealityrelationshiptrusttheplaceboismorelikelytowork.Soinaway,thedoctoristhemost9)____________placeboofall.Theplacebohasbeenfoundtoworkwithalotofdifferent10)_______likeseasickness,coughs,coldsandpainafteranoperation.Itcanevenhelpoldpeoplestay11)_________andlivelonger.However,theplacebocanalsohavenegative12)__________.Whenpatientsexpectabadreactionto13)___________,theywillshowabadreactiontothe14)_________.Thestrangepoweroftheplacebodoesseemtosuggestthatthehumanmindis15)___________thanwethinkitis.powerfulcaseshealthyeffectsmedicineplacebostronger3Workingroupstodiscussthefollowingquestions.1Istherereallyadoctorinthebody?Ifso,whodoyouthinkisthedoctor?Why?2Howwouldyoufeelifyouknewyourdoctorhadgivenyouaplaceboinsteadofmedicine?Ithinkthereisa“doctor”inthebodyanditisthemind.Usuallywhenwearequiteconfident,wewillreactasifeverythingwillgowell.Thatistosay,whenwearementallysurethatwewillgetbetter,thebodywillstartfunctioningbetter.Onthecontrary,ifweloseconfidence,ourillnesswillprobablygetworse.Ireallybelieveinthepowerof“mindovermatter”.Sample1Sample2Itdepends.IfIgotbetter,Iwouldfeelluckytohavebeengivenaplaceboinsteadofrealmedicinebecausemedicineoftenhassomesideeffects.Iwouldbeproudofmywillpowerandemoreconfidentofmyself.However,ifIdidn’tgetbetter,IwouldbeunhappyandfeelIwasfooledormistreated.Iwouldprobablynevergobacktothatdoctor.Itsoundsunfairtothedoctor.Anyway,that’swhatIthinkaboutplacebos.3.IntensiveReading1)PassageReading2)SentenceStudy3)WordStudy1)PassageReadingIsThereaDoctorintheBody1Whenyougotothedoctor,youliketocomeawaywithaprescription.Itmakesyoufeelbettertoknowyouwillgetsomemedicine.Butthedoctorknowsthatmedicineisnotalwaysneeded.Sometimesallasickpersonneedsissomereassurance

thatallwillbewell.Insuchcasesthedoctormayprescribe

aplacebo.2Aplaceboisasugarpill,aharmlessshot,oranemptycapsule.Eventhoughtheyhavenomedicineinthem,thesethingsseemtomakepeoplewell.Thepatientthinksitismedicineandbeginstogetbetter.Howdoesthishappen?3Thestudyoftheplaceboopensupnewknowledgeaboutthewaythehumanbodycanheal

itself.Itisasiftherewasadoctorineachofus.The“doctor”willhealthebodyforusifweletit.4Butitisnotyetknownjusthowtheplaceboworkstohealthebody.Somepeoplesayitworksbecausethehumanmindfoolsitself.Thesepeoplesaythatifthemindisfooledintothinkingitgotmedicine,thenitwillactasifitdid,andthebodywillfeelbetter.5Otherpeoplesaythisisnotso.Theysaythattheplacebomakesthewishtogetbetterereality.Theplacebowillnotworkifthepatientknowsitisaplacebo.Thisshowsthatthebodyisnotfooledbyit.Itseemsthatifpatientsthinktheyhavebeengivenmedicine,theywillhavehope.Theyfeelthattheyaregettingsomehelp.Thisgivesthemastrongerwilltogetbetter,andthatiswhathelpstohealthem.6Placebosdonotalwayswork.Thesuccessofthistreatmentseemstorestalotwiththerelationshipbetweenthepatientandthedoctor.Ifthepatienthasalotoftrustinthedoctorandifthedoctorreallywantstohelpthepatient,thentheplaceboismorelikelytowork.Soinaway,thedoctoristhemostpowerfulplaceboofall.7Anexampleofthedoctor’sroleinmakingtheplaceboworkcanbeseeninthisstudy.Somepatientswithbleedingulcers

wereputintwogroups.Thefirstgroupwastoldbyadoctorthattheyhadbeengivenanewdrugwhich,itwashoped,wouldgivethemsomerelief.Thesecondgroupweretoldbyanursethattheyhadbeengivenanewdrugbutthatnotmuchwasknownabouthowitwouldwork.Asaresult,70percentofthepeopleinthefirstgroupgotmuchbetter.Only25percentofthepeopleinthesecondgroupgotbetter.Andbothgroupshadinfactbeengiventhesamething—aplacebo.8Theplacebohasbeenfoundtoworkwithalotofdifferentcases.Ithelpssuchthingsasseasickness,coughs,colds,andevenpainafteranoperation.And,therewasalsoanexperimentdonetoseeifaplacebocouldhelpoldpeoplestayhealthyandlivelonger.9ThetestwasdoneinRomaniawith150peopleovertheageof60.Theywereputinthreegroupswith50peopleineachgroup.Thefirstgroupweregivennothingatall.Thesecondgroupweregivenaplacebo.Thethirdgroupweregivenarealdrugandtoldthatitwouldhelpwiththeproblemsofoldage.(Infact,itwasnotadrugforoldageatall.)Thethreegroupswerestudiedformanyyears.Thefirstgroupshowednochangesfromthewayoldpeopleinthatvillagehadalwaysbeen.Thesecondgroup(withtheplacebo)hadmuchbetterhealthandalowerdeathrate.Thethirdgroup(withtherealdrug)showedmuchthesameresultsasthegroupthattooktheplacebo.10Aplacebocanalsohavebadeffects.Ifpatientsexpectabadreaction

tomedicine,thentheywillalsoshowabadreactiontotheplacebo.Thiswouldseemtoshowthatalotofhowyoureacttomedicineisinyourmindratherthaninyourbody.Somedoctorsstillthinkthatiftheplacebocanhavenegativeeffectsitshouldnotbeused.Theythinkthereisstillnotenoughknownaboutit.11Andyet,theuseoftheplacebohasbeenwellknownforhundredsofyearsinothercountries.TribaldoctorsinsomeAfricancountrieshaveknownforalongtimethatpatientswillgetbetteriftheythinktheyaregoingto.Manyofthe“treatments”theyusedonotseemabletomakeasickpersonbetter,andyetsuchtreatmentswork.12Thestrangepoweroftheplacebodoesseemtosuggestthatthehumanmindisstrongerthanwethinkitis.Therearepeoplewhosayyoucanhealyourbodybyusingyourmind.Andtheinterestingthingisthatevenpeoplewhoswearthisisnotpossiblehavebeenhealedbyaplacebo.2)SentenceStudy1)Sometimesallasickpersonneedsissomereassurancethatallwillbewell.有時病人所需要的只是一個一切都會好的保證。1.All+sb.needs/caresabout/remembers…is+表語:

某人所需要的/關(guān)心的/記著的一切就是···。AllIrememberaboutmyhometownistheriverinwhichIswamwithsomeofmyfriends.

此句中，all后面省略了that，all后面帶的是定語從句。2.“Thatallwillbewell”是reassurance的同位語從句。諸如fact,opinion,notion,suggestion,proposal,thought,news,truth,report等等，都能帶同位語從句。TheyspreadthelieeverywherethatTomwasarrestedfortheft.Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy2)Butitisnotyetknownjusthowtheplaceboworkstohealthebody.但是，我們?nèi)匀徊磺宄参縿┚烤故侨绾沃尾〉摹?.itisnotknown：（人們）不知道。。。2.句中的just一詞起強調(diào)作用。Ijustcouldn’tunderstandwhyhedidthis.3)Thesepeoplesaythatifthemindisfooledintothinkingitgotmedicine,thenitwillactasifitdid,andthebodywillfeelbetter.這些人說如果能使大腦上當(dāng)，誤以為得到了藥物治療，那么大腦就會像真的得到了藥物一樣行事，于是身體就會好轉(zhuǎn)。Hodoingsth.:愚弄別人去做某事，用欺騙的辦法使某人做某事注意：“使某人做某事”除makesb.dosth.以外，還有很多其他方式：Hepersuadedhimintogoingtotheparty.Hecheatedherintobelievinghimawealthyman.Herfamilytrickedherintogoingabroad,andmarryingtoaforeigner.4)Theysaythattheplacebomakesthewishtogetbetterereality.他們認(rèn)為病人希望身體好轉(zhuǎn)，而安慰劑能促使這種愿望成真。1.句中不定式短語togetbetter作后置定語，修飾名詞wish。有時，動詞不定式修飾名詞或代詞可以放在其后面。ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.Itwasagametoremember.2.ereality作賓語thewish的補足語。5)Itseemsthatifpatientsthinktheyhavebeengivenmedicine,theywillhavehope.情況似乎是這樣：如果病人以為他們得到了藥物治療，他們就會充滿希望。1.seem一詞主要有以下三種用法：A)句型：itseemsthat從句/asif(既可以是虛擬語氣也可以是陳述語氣)Itseemsasifitwillrain.B)主語

+seemtodo…Collegegraduatestodayseemtocarealotabouttheformoftheresume.C)主語+seem(tobe)+形容詞/名詞/介詞短語/分詞等Thequestionseemsprettysimple.

6)Thesecondgroupweretoldbyanursethattheyhadbeengivenanewdrugbutthatnotmuchwasknownabouthowitwouldwork.

第二組病人由一位護士告訴他們用了一種新藥，但是藥效如何卻不太清楚。1.句中謂語動詞betold后接兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句thattheyhadbeengivenanewdrug和thatnotmuchwasknownabouthowitwouldwork。2.howitwouldwork作about的介詞賓語從句，其中的it指anewdrug。7)Theplacebohasbeenfoundtoworkwithalotofdifferentcases.人們已發(fā)現(xiàn)安慰劑能在很多不同的病例中發(fā)揮作用。1.workwith…1）在…方面起作用；適用于…；

2）與…一起工作Thisstrategyofdevelopingvocabularydoesn’tworkwithcollegestudentsatall.Manycompaniesarelookingforopportunitiesworkwithcollegesanduniversities.3)WordStudy1)reassurancen.

helporadvicethatmakesyoufeellessworriedorfrightenedaboutaproblem安慰；保證Despiteherfather’sreassuranceshewasstillfrightenedofthedark.

2.v.assure:makecertainof;causetofeelsure確保；使放心

Theonlyladdertoassuresuccessistoworkhard.Hehastenedtoassureusthatthepresswouldnotbeinformed.3.詞義辨析：assure

與

ensureassure:強調(diào)讓某人深信某事，后可接that從句以及of短語ensure:作“確?！苯鈺r，其后可接that從句，且從句中的謂語動詞多用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)；也可作“保險”解。請選擇

assure或

ensure的適當(dāng)形式填空。Beforegoingtobedshe_________herselfthatallthedoorsandwindowswerelocked.Thismedicinewill_______youagoodnight’ssleep.He_________meofhisreadinesstohelp.Icannot_________thathewillbethereintime.assuredensureassuredensure2)casen.1.anexample事例，事件

Itissimplynotthecasethateducationalstandardshavefallen.2.anoccurrenceofadiseaseordisorder病例

Severalcasesoffeverhavebeenreported.3.asetofcircumstancesorastateofaffairs情況，狀況Itmayrain,inwhichcasethehikewillbecanceled.4.questiontobedecidedinacourtoflaw訴訟案，案例Thecasewillbeheardincourtnextweek.3)healv.torestoretohealthorsoundness;cure恢復(fù)健康的狀態(tài)；治療Thewoundsoonhealedup/over.2.

tosetright;repair使恢復(fù)正常；修繕Sincewearefamilymembers,weshouldtryeverymeanstohealtheriftbetweenus.3.torestore(aperson)tospiritualwholeness使（某人）精神恢復(fù)健康Timehealsallsorrows.4.詞義辨析：cure,heal

與treatcure(vi./vt.)治愈，著重于效果。短語curesb.of…“治好某人的病”。用于比喻時，多指社會不良現(xiàn)象或個人惡疾的消除。Teacherstrytocuresomestudentsofbadhabits.heal(vi./vt.)

愈合。主要指外傷的愈合，也可用于healsb.of…的結(jié)構(gòu)。用于比喻時，多指精神創(chuàng)傷的醫(yī)治。Timecanhelpherhealallhersorrows.treat(vt.)治療。著重于過程。Westernmedicinetendstotreatsymptomsandnotthecause.4)willn.thepowerofthemindtomakedecisionsandactinaccordancewiththem意志(力)，決心Youmusthaveanironwilltohavegivenupsmokingafterallthoseyears.2.whatiswishedorintended意愿，意旨Sheseemstohavelostthewilltolive.3.testament;anofficialstatementofthewaysomeonewantstosharehispropertyafterdeath遺囑Sincehewasseriouslyill,hemadehiswill.4.

習(xí)慣搭配：atwillofone’sfreewill任意地，隨心所欲地自愿地5)reliefn.1.afeelingofcomfortwhensth.frightening,worrying,orpainfulhasn’thappenedorended（痛苦等的）減輕，解除Listeningtolightmusicgaverelieftohisgreatpressurebeforetheexaminations.2.relievev.tolessen(pain,anxiety,ortrouble)減輕(痛苦、焦慮或困惑)Knowingthetruththathewasstillaliveinthatseriousaccidentrelievedhisanxiousrelatives.6)ratherthan1.是···，而不是···；與其···，不如···;它連接的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞（短語）、動名詞、分句、不定式、動詞等。但要注意：

1)ratherthan連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與“ratherthan”前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。YouratherthanIaregoingtogocamping.2)ratherthan后接不定式時，不定式可以帶to，也可以不帶to。但ratherthan位于句首時，則只能接不帶to的不定式。Idecidedtowriteratherthan(to)telephone.Ratherthanallowthevegetablestogobad,hesoldthemathalfprice.2.比較：otherthan不同于，非；除了（多用于否定句中，類似于not…except…結(jié)構(gòu)）Iborrowedsomebooksotherthannovels.Heneverspeakstomeotherthantoaskforsomething.4.Exercises1)WordMeaning2)FindingtheDefinition3)FillinginBlanks4)Translation1Readthefollowingpairsofsentencescarefullyanddiscusswithyourpartnerthedifferentmeaningsofthewordineachpair.1)WordMeaningAPeopleinhospitalsaredyingbecauseofashortageofmedicine.BYouknowIdroppedmedicine

andtookupphysics.AasubstanceusedfortreatingillnessBthestudyandpracticeoftreatingorpreventingillnessesandinjuries1medicineAHetookashot

atmewithagunandmissed.BAshot

ofpenicillin(青霉素)shouldcuretheinfection(感染).AfiringagunBaninjectionofadrug2shotAARussianspacecapsule

isorbitingtheEarth.BYoucanalsotakerealginseng(人參)inconvenienttabletorcapsule

form.AthepartofaspacecraftinwhichastronautsliveandworkBaplasticcontainershapedlikeaverysmalltubewithmedicineinside3capsuleAIftheyhadoperatedonherarmatonce,itmighthavehealed

bynow.BThetrauma(心靈創(chuàng)傷)ofdivorcecanoftenbe

healed

bysuccessfulremarriage.Aewholeandsound;returntohealthBementallyoremotionallystrongagainafterabadexperience4healATheprincipal’schildrendonotreceivespecial

treatment

fromtheteacher.BManypatientsarenotgettingthemedicaltreatment

theyneed.Aaparticularwayofbehavingtowardsb.orofdealingwiththemBamethodthatisintendedtocureaninjuryorillness5treatmentAShe’sgoingtohaveanoperation

onherknee.BIunderstandtheoperation

ofcomputers.Atheprocessofcuttingintosb.’sbodytorepairorremoveapartthatisdamagedBtheprocessofmakingamachineorsystemwork6operationAThenumberofnewcases

oftheillnessappearstobedecreasing.BSufferingcanhavepositiveresultsandcertainlyIknowthatwastrueinmycase.AapersonortheirparticularproblemthatadoctorisdealingwithBasituationthatexists,especiallyasitaffectsaparticularpersonorgroup7caseATheshapeoftheenvelopesuggests

thatthelettermightbefromawoman.BIsuggest

thatwewaitawhilebeforewemakeanyfirmdecisions.Amakesb.thinkthataparticularthingistrue;indicateBtellsb.yourideasaboutwhattheyshoulddo,wheretheyshouldgo,etc.8suggest2Readthefollowingsentencescarefullyandyouwillfindtheword“work”hasdifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.Trytofindtherightdefinitionforthewordineachsentence.Writethecorrespondingletterinthespaceprovided.2)FindingtheDefinitionDefinitionsof“work”:A doajobyouarepaidforB produceaparticularphysicaleffectC moveD cause…toworkE helpF studyG cause;bringaboutH solve______1Sheworksasamanagementconsultantforadesigncompany.______2Janeworkswithdeafchildren.______3You’llhavetoworkreallyhardifyouwanttopassyourexams.______4Thefarmerworkedthehorsesuntiltheyweretiredout.AEFD______5Iassureyouthatthismedicinewillwork

wondersforyourcold.______6Ittookseveralhourstoworkthepuzzle.______7Theyworkedtheirwayoutofthecrowd.______8Iwokeupat6a.m.becausethesleepingpilldidn’tworkaslongasIhadhoped.GHCB3Completethefollowingsentenceswithappropriatewordsorphrasesfromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.openupharmreactbleedreassuranceprescribeinawayheal3)FillinginBlanksopenupharmreactbleedreassuranceprescribeinawayheal1)Thedoctor_______________________threemonthsofphysicaltherapyformyleginjury.2)Newopportunitiesare____________forinvestorswhowillenjoymorepreferential(優(yōu)惠的)policies.3)Hesuggestedthatindividualorganismschangedin___________totheirenvironmentandpassedonthesetraitstothenextgeneration.prescribed/prescribesopeningupreactionopenupharmreactbleedreassuranceprescribeinawayheal4)Letme__________youthatthegovernmentwillmeetthosechallengesandethesedifficulties.5)He________todeathafterbeingshotinthestomach.6)Partofthechangeshere____________havebeenadistractionfromthereality.reassurebledinawayopenupharmreactbleedreassuranceprescribeinawayheal7)Whileshewasrecovering,herdoctorsuggestedmusicaltherapyasawayto_________herbrain.8)Manypeopleunderestimatethehealthrisksoftheircigaretteconsumption,thinkingthatafewcigarettesadayare___________.healharmlessTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.4)Translation1.

我所能說的是我們十分抱歉這么早把你叫醒。(all…that…,wakeup)2.由于他的智慧和勤奮，他極有可能成功。(likely,intelligence,diligence)AllIcansayisthatweareextremelysorrytowakeyouupsoearly.Heishighlylikelytosucceedbecauseofhisintelligenceanddiligence.3.她跟我說話的樣子很奇怪，好像我是這個國家的總統(tǒng)似的。

(asif)4.據(jù)報道，昨天的車禍中有三人受傷。(itisreportedthat…,injure)Thewayshetalkedtomewasodd/strange,asifIwerethepresidentofthecountry.Itisreportedthatthreepeoplewereinjuredinthetrafficaccidentyesterday.5.這位病人今天早晨的情況同昨天差不多。(…muchthesameas…)6.他寧可呆在家里也不愿跟我們?nèi)タ措娪啊?ratherthan)Thepatientismuchthesamethismorningashewasyesterday.He’dliketostayathomeratherthangotoamoviewithus.1.BackgroundInformation2.ExtensiveReading3.IntensiveReading4.Exercises1.BackgroundInformationtheU.S.NationalScienceFoundation(美國國家科學(xué)基金會)

TheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)isanindependentfederalagencycreatedbyCongress(國會)in1950“topromotetheprogressofscience;toadvancethenationalhealth,prosperity,andwelfare;tosecurethenationaldefense”.Withanannualbudgetofabout$5.5billion,itisthefundingsourceforapproximately20%ofallfederallysupportedbasicresearchconductedbyAmerica’scollegesanduniversities.Inmanyfieldssuchasmathematics,computerscienceandthesocialsciences,NSFisthemajorsourceoffederalbacking（聯(lián)邦贊助）。2.ExtensiveReading1)Pre-reading2)Textstructure1)Pre-readingWhatdoesthetopic“HowtoJumpQueueFury”mean?

Itmeans“howtoavoidfeelingangrywhilewaiting”.Whatmakeyoumorefedupwhenqueuing?AsfarasIamconcerned,IalwaysgetmorefedupifIamnottoldwhatisgoingon.Gooverthepassagequicklyandgetthemainpointofit.

Whenpeoplefindthemselveswaitinginalongqueueatanairportorbusterminus,someofthemwilltrytoanalyzewhatitisaboutqueuingthatmakesthemangry.Larsondecidedtostudythesubject.Hisfirstfindingisthatthedegreeofannoyanceisnotdirectlyrelatedtothetime.Andanillusionof“socialjustice”isthekeytopreventingtravelersfromfeelingangry.

AnotherfindingLarsongotisthatpeoplegetmorefedupiftheyarenottoldwhatisgoingon.Butevenknowinghowlongtheyhavetowaitisn’tthewholeanswer.Theymustalsobelievethateverythingisbeingdonetominimizetheirdelay.Finallytheauthordrewtheconclusionthatpeopletendtotrusttheireyesratherthantheirbrains.2)TextstructurePartI

(Para.1)

Askingaquestion---ifyoufindyourselfwaitinginalongqueueatanairportorbusterminusthisholiday,willyoutrytoanalyzewhatitisaboutqueuingthatmakesyouangry?Orwillyoujustgetangrywiththenearestofficial?PartII

(Paras.2-4)

ProfessorRichardLarson’sfirstfinding,itssupportingevidenceandthereason.Para.2-3ProfessorRichardLarson’sfirstfindingwasthatthedegreeofannoyancewasnotdirectlyrelatedtothetime.HecitedanexperimentatHoustonairporttoprovethat.Para.4

Larsonsuggeststhatitallhastodowithwhathecalls“socialjustice”.PartIII

(Paras.5-6)

ProfessorRichardLarson’sanotherfinding.Para.5

AnotheraspectLarsonstudiedwastheobservationthatpeoplegetmorefedupiftheyarenottoldwhatisgoingon.Para.6

Butevenknowinghowlongwehavetowaitisn’tthewholeanswer.Wemustalsobelievethateverythingisbeingdonetominimizeourdelay.3.IntensiveReading1)Passagereading2)Sentencestudy3)Wordstudy1)PassagereadingHowtoJumpQueueFury1Ifyoufindyourselfwaitingi