定語從句-完整版課件

GrammarTheAttributiveClause1.定義：又稱形容詞性從句，在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞，起定語作用。2.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞3.關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞who,whom,whose,which,thatwhen,where,why在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語在定語從句中作狀語Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.句子主干：定語從句：先行詞：關(guān)系代詞：Adictionaryisabook.whichgivesthemeaningofwords.bookwhich4.分類：限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，使先行詞區(qū)別于同類其他事物;主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開非限定性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明,沒有這種從句不影響主句意思完整.一般用逗號把主句和從句分開引導(dǎo)詞:關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，作賓語時一些關(guān)系代詞可以省略引導(dǎo)詞:as,who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that或why,不能省略限制性定語從句舉例：1.

TheteachertoldmethatTom

wastheonlypersonthatIcould

dependon.

2.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalong

history.

3.InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfrom

Africa.

非限制性定語從句舉例：1.Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.

2.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.

3.LastsummerIvisitedthePeople’sGreatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetings

areheldeveryyear.

1.

Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.

Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.(她還有其他哥哥。)(她只有一個哥哥。)2.

Allthebooksthathavepicturesin

themarewellwritten.

Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesin

them,arewellwritten.

(帶插圖的書寫得好。)(所有的書都寫的很好。所有的書都帶插圖)指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略that人;物主語,賓語作賓語可省which物主語,賓語作賓語可省who人主語,賓語作賓語可省whom人賓語可省whose(人/物)的定語不可省關(guān)系代詞的用法1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可略）TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Aperson

whostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)

Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.3.whose

在定語從句中作定語，與后面的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。

whose多指人，也可指物，指物時可與

ofwhich互換使用。1.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.2.Theclassroomwhosedoorisbroken

willsoonberepaired.

=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichis

brokenwillsoonberepaired.3.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoveris

yellow?

=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?

Doyouknowthegirlwhose

hairisveryshortinourclass?Doyouknowthegirl?Herhairisveryshortinourclass.Heisthestudent.Ibrokehispencilyesterday.Heisthestudentwhose

pencilIbrokeyesterday.4．which

指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時?？墒÷?。

1.Footballisagamewhichislikedby

mostboys.

2.Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.5.that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時?？墒÷浴?.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsaw

thismorning?

2.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.

that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,一般用that而不用which。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?

Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.

(1)限制性定語從句中先行詞為all,few,

everything,anything,nothing,none,little,some等不定代詞指物時。(something用that或which均可)(2)There

be

句型中用that。There

is

a

book

on

the

desk

that

belongs

to

Tom.(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.Thisisthefirsttime

(that)

IaminBeijing.(4)先行詞是who或which引導(dǎo)的主句。

Whoisthegirl

thatdrovethecar?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?(5)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsand

things

thattheyrememberedatschool.(6)先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,

much,theonly,thevery,thelast,just,

right等修飾。I’vereadallthebooksthat

arenotmine.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)緊跟介詞作賓語Thosearemanytreesunder

whichtheycanhavearest.(2)在非限制性定語從句中

Football,

whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.(3)作定語

Hemaybelate,inwhichcase,weshouldwaitforhim.在下列情況下,一般用which而不that。as

和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后；

as引導(dǎo)的從句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。which既可代指先行詞，又可代指整個主句的內(nèi)容。相當(dāng)于“andthis”或“andthat”.譯為“這一點”。as只能代指整個主句的內(nèi)容。常帶有“正如”之意，且已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu):asisknown,asisreported,asissaid,asisexpected,asweknow,etc.1.Einstein,asisknown,isafamousscientist.2.Asisreported,Chinahasbecomeanimportantcountryintheworld.3.TaiwanbelongstoChina,asisknowntoall.4.Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.5.Hedidn’tcometoattendthemeeting,asisexpected.3.as在從句中作主語，從句中的謂語必須

是系動詞；而which則不一定。

Heisverystrict,asisshowninhis

work.4.先行詞前有thesame,such限定時，關(guān)

系詞只能用as.Ihavethesameopinionasyou(have).Don’treadsuchbooksasarebeyond

yourability.當(dāng)先行詞受thesame修飾時，有時也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思有區(qū)別。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.

SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.

5.主從之間存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，關(guān)系詞往往用which。Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.

關(guān)系副詞的用法指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略when時間狀語否where地點狀語否why原因狀語否I’llneverforgettheday

when

Ijoinedtheleague.onwhichI’llneverforgetthetimewhich/thatwasspentwithyou.when在定語從句中作時間狀語，先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞。相當(dāng)于介詞+which若定語從句缺主語或賓語，需用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhichThelibrary(which/that)youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.where在定語從句中作地點狀語，先行詞往往是表示地點的名詞。相當(dāng)于

“介詞+which”。若定語從句缺主語或賓語，用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。where

引導(dǎo)的定語從句也可以修飾case,condition,situation,instance,

等先行詞。Therearecases

wherethisruledoesnotholdgood.Canyouthinkofasituation

wherethiswordcanbeused?Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewas

late.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.

why在定語從句中作原因狀語，常位于reason之后，相當(dāng)于forwhich。thereasonwhy…isthat…

……的原因是……他辭職的原因是他和老板吵架了。Thereasonwhyheresignedwasthathequarreledwithhisboss.Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.在thereasonwhy…結(jié)構(gòu)中，why引導(dǎo)定語從句，它也可以換為forwhich或者省略。在從句中作原因狀語。如果關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞reason在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等時，則用that或which。3.the

reasonisthat…結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用that

引導(dǎo)表語從句，不要受漢語的影響，誤用because?！纠?】

Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,______hasagreateffectonmylife.

［1994上海］

A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who【解析】本題的第一個空格處應(yīng)填入表示時間的關(guān)系副詞when，在從句中作狀語。答案：B。

【例2】

CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,____personallyIdoubtverymuch.［1999全國］A.itB.thatC.whenD.which【解析】“我個人所懷疑的”是“到十月份這工作能否被完成”，而不是“十月份”，由此判定非限制性定語從句所修飾的不是October,而是前面整個主句的內(nèi)容。答案：D?！纠?】Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,______wastrue.

［2001·春］

A.heB.thisC.whichD.who【解析】“John說他在辦公室工作一個小時了，這件事情是真的”所以要用關(guān)系代詞which指代這件事情并引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。答案：C?！纠?】Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he答案C。此為非限定性從句,不能用that修飾,而用which,it

和he

都使后句成為句子,兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通?！纠?】Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.what

B.which

C.that

D.it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。that不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通?！纠?】TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.（2004年全國卷23題）

A.forwhichB.atwhich

C.inwhich D.onwhich本句屬于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句這一情況。通過拆分我們可以得MystudentsactedintheEnglishplayattheNewYear’sparty,所以答案為C。【例7】______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(2004年北京卷34題)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What【例8】Iworkinabusiness______almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.(2004年湖南卷23題)A.howB.whichC.whereD.that【例9】Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdays

ago.

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone在該句中，主句中所缺部分為表語，從句中缺少賓語。只有theone既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于：theonethat/which所以應(yīng)選D。

【例10】

Isthisthemuseum____theexhibition

washeld?

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich D.theone該句中,主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因inthemuseum詞組，可用介詞in+which引導(dǎo)地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on用的不對，所以選A?！纠?1】Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,____thesailingtimewas226days.(04NMET)A.ofwhich B.duringwhich

C.Fromwhich D.forwhichA關(guān)系代詞which指代thejourney,定語從句恢復(fù)為獨立句子應(yīng)該是：Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days.I.從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1.Aperson_____e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.(天津2009)A.who B.whom

C.whose D.whoever2.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_____arebeyondourcontrol.(湖南2008)A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat3.Occasionsarequiterare_____Ihavethetimetospend