支氣管擴張的研究進展課件

支氣管擴張(bronchiectasis)呼吸科呂寒靜何謂支氣管擴張？支氣管由于管壁的肌肉、軟骨和彈性組織結(jié)構(gòu)破壞引起官腔的擴張和變形。BronchiectasisDefinitionBronchiectasisisachronicinflammatoryordegenerativeconditionofoneormorebronchiolesofthelungsmarkedbydilatation.為什么會支氣管擴張？支氣管被牽拉：結(jié)核后支氣管阻塞：感染、異物、腫瘤（內(nèi)長、外壓）為什么會支氣管擴張？支氣管先天發(fā)育障礙和遺傳因素：1.巨大氣管－支氣管癥（tracheobronchomegaly)2.Kartagener綜合征(不動纖毛綜合征,immotileciliasyndrome)3.副鼻竇－支氣管綜合征（sinobronchialsyndrome）Thesinobronchialsyndromeconsistsofchronicsinusitisandchronicnonspecificinflammationofthelowerairways,typicallychronicbronchitis,bronchiectasisanddiffusepanbronchiolitis.Thisairwaydiseaseofunknownetiologyisnotrelatedtosmoking.ItiscommoninJapanandispoorlydescribedinwesterncountries.Wereportacaseinanon-Asianpatient.Theknownefficacyoflong-termlow-doseerythromycintherapyjustifiescarefuldiagnosisofsinobronchialsyndromeinpatientsofnon-Asianethnicorigin.4.先天性軟骨缺失癥（congenitalcartilagedeficiency）5.支氣管肺隔離癥(bronchopulmanarysequestration)

支氣管擴張有哪些病理特點？支氣管壁的肌肉、軟骨和彈性組織結(jié)構(gòu)破壞引起管腔擴大。（柱狀、囊狀）鱗狀上皮取代纖毛柱狀上皮。杯狀細胞、粘液細胞增生。毛細血管擴張。

支氣管擴張有哪些病生特點？與病變范圍有關(guān)阻塞性通氣功能障礙阻塞為主的混合性通氣功能障礙V/Q比例失調(diào)肺源性心臟病、右心衰竭

BronchiectasissymptomsThemosttypicalsymptomisachroniccoughthatproducesthick,whiteorgreensputumandmaybethefirstsymptomofbronchiectasis.Symptomsbeginusuallyafterarespiratoryinfection.應做哪些輔助檢查？影像學：胸片、CT。確診依據(jù)。纖維支氣管鏡肺功能血常規(guī)痰菌其他支氣管擴張如何治療？控制急性感染保持呼吸道引流通暢：祛