(國際船舶)貨物系固手冊

(國際船舶)貨物系固手冊(國際船舶)貨物系固手冊(國際船舶)貨物系固手冊頁眉國際航行船舶貨物系固手冊CARGOSECURINGMANUAL本手冊是依據(jù)?國際海上人命安全合約?、國際海事組織Msc/Circ745號通函和“貨物積載和系固安全操作規(guī)那么<A.714(17)決策>〞編制的。ThismanualhasbeenpreparedaccordingtotheInternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea(SOLAS),theIMOMsc/circ745,theCodeofSafePracticeforCargoStowageandSecuring(IMOResolutionA.714(17)).1/92頁眉序言〔PREAMBLE〕本手冊是依據(jù)1974年?國際海上人命安全合約?、國際海事組織第Msc/Circ745號通函、國際海事組織決策A.714(17)以及“貨物積載和系固安全操作規(guī)那么〞編制的。ThismanualhasbeenpreparedaccordingtotheInternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea,1974〔SOLAS〕1994amendment,theIMOMsc/circ745,theCodeofSafePracticeforCargoStowageandSecuring(IMOResolutionA.714(17)).本手冊應(yīng)永遠保留在船上,以便船級社的驗船師、港口國檢查的官員以及其余相關(guān)人員的隨時檢查。Themanualshallalwaysbekeptonboardandavailableforinspectionbyclasssurveyors,port/flagstateinspectorsandotherstowhomitmayconcern.如系固裝置和對系固手冊的要求有變化,本手冊應(yīng)校訂并送船級社或主管當(dāng)局從頭贊成。Themanualistobemodifiedandre-approvedbytheClassificationSocietyortheAdministrationincaseofthattheprovisionofCargoSecuringManualwasrevisedorthecargosecuringdeviceswerechanged.附錄應(yīng)保持最新有效。Appendixshouldbemaintaineduptodate.2/92頁眉目錄CONTENTS第一章(CHAPTER1)總那么〔GENERAL〕1.1船舶數(shù)據(jù)〔SHIPDATA〕1.2定義〔DEFINITIONS〕1.3概括〔GENERALINFORMATION〕第二章(CHAPTER2)貨物系固裝置〔CARGOSECURINGDEVICES〕2.1固定式貨物系固設(shè)施(FIXEDCARGOSECURINGDEVICES)2.2便攜式貨物系固設(shè)施(PORTABLECARGOSECURINGDEVICES)2.3檢查和保護方案〔INSPECTIONANDMAINTENANCESCHEMES〕第三章(CHAPTER3):非標準化和半標準化貨物的積載和系固STOWAGE&SECURINGOFNON-STANDARDIZEDANDSEMI-STANDARDIZEDCARGO〕積載和系固須知(STOWAGEANDSECURINGINSTRUCTIONS)貨物單元受力計算〔EVALUATIONOFFORCESACTINGONCARGOUNITS〕各樣貨物單元、車輛和積載容器上的可挪動系固裝置的使用〔APPLICATIONOFPORTABLESECURINGDEVICESONVARIOUSCARGOUNITS,VEHICLESANDSTOWAGEBLOCKS〕附那么一(ANNEX1)非為運輸集裝箱而專門設(shè)計和裝備的船舶的甲板上的集裝箱的安全積載和系固3/92頁眉Safestowageandsecuringofcontainersondeckofshipswhicharenotspeciallydesignedandfittedforthepurposeofcarryingcontainers附那么二(ANNEX2)45挪動式罐柜的安全積載和系固Safestowageandsecuringofportabletanks附那么三(ANNEX3)51挪動式容器的安全積載和系固Safestowageandsecuringofportablereceptacles附那么四(ANNEX4)55輪載(轉(zhuǎn)動)貨物的安全積載和系固Safestowageandsecuringofwheel-based(rollingcargoes)附那么五(ANNEX5)57機車、變壓器等重件貨的安全積載和系固Safestowageandsecuringofheavycargoitemssuchaslocomotives,transformers,etc.附那么六(ANNEX6)63成卷鋼板的安全積載和系固Safestowageandsecuringofcoiledsheetsteel附那么七(ANNEX7)69重金屬制品的安全積載和系固Safestowageandsecuringofheavymetalproducts附那么八(ANNEX8)71錨鏈的安全積載和系固Safestowageandsecuringofanchorchains附那么九(ANNEX9)73散裝金屬廢料的安全積載和系固Safestowageandsecuringofmetalscrapinbulk附那么十(ANNEX10)75撓性中間散裝容器的安全積載和系固Safestowageandsecuringofflexibleintermediatebulkcontainer附那么十一(ANNEX11)784/92頁眉原木在甲板下積載的一般指南Generalguidelinesfortheunder-deckstowageoflogs附那么十二(ANNEX12)83成組貨物的安全積載和系固Safestowageandsecuringofunitloads附錄(APPENDIX〕附錄一(APPENDIX1)固定式貨物系固設(shè)施清單、部署和結(jié)構(gòu)圖(List,arrangementandstructuresketchoffixedcargosecuringdevices)附錄二(APPENDIX2)便攜式貨物系固設(shè)施清單、結(jié)構(gòu)圖及證明書(List,structuresketchofportablecargosecuringdevicesanddocumentstothem)附錄三(APPENDIX3)貨物系固設(shè)施檢查/保護簿(Logforinspection/maintenanceofcargosecuringdevices)5/92頁眉第一章(CHAPTER1)總那么(GENERAL)1.1船舶數(shù)據(jù)〔SHIPDATA〕船名Shipname船級社Classification海事組織編號IMONo.船旗國Flag船籍港Portofregistry船東Owner船型Shiptype船長Length,BP船寬Breath,B型深Depth,D效力航速Servicespeed夏天吃水Summerdraft總噸位Grosstonnage初穩(wěn)性高度范圍RangeofGM01.2定義〔DEFINITIONS〕.1貨物單元〔CargoUnits〕系指車輛〔公路車輛、滾裝拖車等〕、鐵路車輛、集裝箱、板材、托盤、便攜式容器、中間散裝容器、包裝單元、成組貨、其余貨物運輸單元如船運箱盒、件雜貨如線材卷、重貨如火車頭和變壓器。不是永遠固定在船上的船運輸?shù)难b載設(shè)施或其零件,也應(yīng)被視6/92頁眉為貨物單元。meansvehicles〔roadvehicles,rolltrailers,etc.〕,railwaywagons,containers,flats,pallets,portabletanks,intermediatebulkcontainers〔IBC〕,packagedunits,unitloads,othercargocarryingunitssuchasshippingcassettes,cargoentitiessuchassteelcoilsandheavycargoitemssuchaslocomotivesandtransformers.Loadingequipment,oranypartthereof,transportedontheship,butwhichisnotpermanentlyfixedtotheship,isalsoconsideredascargounits..2貨物系固設(shè)施〔CargoSecuringDevices〕所合用于系固和支持貨物單元的固定式和便攜式裝具。meansallfixedandportabledevicesusedtosecureandsupportcargounits..3最大系固載荷〔MaximumSecuringLoad〕〔MSL〕本術(shù)語用于限制船上系固設(shè)施的許用負荷。當(dāng)能供給等同或較高的強度時,安全工作負荷〔SWL〕能夠代替MSL。MSLisatermusedtodefinetheallowableloadcapacityforadeviceusedtosecurecargotoaship.SafeWorkingLoad〔SWL〕maybesubstitutedforMSLforsecuringpurposes,providedthisisequaltoorexceedsthestrengthdefinedbyMSL..4標準貨〔StandardizedCargo〕已依據(jù)貨物單元的特定形式在船上設(shè)置了經(jīng)贊成的系固系統(tǒng)的貨物。meanscargoforwhichtheshipisprovidedwithanapprovedsecuringsystembaseduponcargounitsofspecifictypes..5半標準貨〔Semi-standardizedCargo〕在船上設(shè)置的系固系統(tǒng)僅適應(yīng)貨物單元的有限變化。如:車輛、拖車等。meanscargoforwhichtheshipisprovidedwithasecuringsystemcapableofaccommodatingalimitedvarietyofcargounits,suchasvehicles,trailers,etc..6非標準貨〔Non-standardizedCargo〕需要專門的裝載和系固安排的貨物。meanscargowhichrequiresindividualstowageandsecuringarrangements.7/92頁眉.7固定式系固設(shè)施〔fixedcargosecuringdevices〕指系固點及其支撐結(jié)構(gòu)。這些設(shè)施既能夠是內(nèi)部的，如焊接在船體結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)，也能夠是裸露在外的，如直接焊接在船體結(jié)構(gòu)外面。Meanssecuringpointanditssupportingconfiguration.Itcanbeinside,suchasweldinginthehullstructure.Canexposeoutsidetoo,ifwelditonthehullstructureoutsidedirectly..8便攜式系固設(shè)施〔portablecargosecuringdevices〕指用于貨物單元綁扎、系固和支撐的挪動式設(shè)施。Meanportabledevicesusedforcargounitscolligation、securingandsupporting.1.3概括〔GENERALINFORMATION〕.1本手冊不除去優(yōu)秀的航海技術(shù),也不除去經(jīng)驗和在裝載和系固方面的實踐。Theguidancegivenhereinshouldbynomeansruleouttheprinciplesofgoodseamanship,neithercantheyreplaceexperienceinstowageandsecuringpractice..2本手冊的資料和要求與下述文件中的要求相一致:船舶穩(wěn)性計算書1966年國際載重線證書船體強度裝載手冊〔若有時〕國際海運危險貨物規(guī)那么〔如合用〕TheinformationandrequirementssetforthinthisManualareconsistentwiththerequirementsofthevessel’strimandstabilitybooklet,InternationalLoadLineCertificate〔1966〕,thehullstrengthloadingmanual〔ifprovided〕andwiththerequirementsoftheInternationalMaritimeDangerousGoods〔IMDG〕Code〔ifapplicable〕..3本手冊規(guī)定了船上的貨物系固設(shè)施及其部署方式,以便對貨物單元進行正確的系固。這些規(guī)定鑒于惡劣天氣和海況下貨物所遇到的縱、橫、垂向力。8/92頁眉ThisCargoSecuringManualspecifiesarrangementsandcargosecuringdevicesprovidedonboardtheshipforthecorrectapplicationtoandthesecuringofcargounits,containers,vehiclesandotherentities,basedontransverse,longitudinalandverticalforceswhichmayariseduringadverseweatherandseaconditions..4應(yīng)當(dāng)認識到對貨物的適合系固以及在船上選擇適合的系固點對船、貨、人的安全都是重要的。Itisimperativetothesafetyoftheshipandtheprotectionofthecargoandpersonnelthatthesecuringofthecargoiscarriedoutproperlyandthatonlyappropriatesecuringpointsorfittingsshouldbeusedforcargosecuring..5本手冊中提到的貨物系固設(shè)施應(yīng)被正確地使用,并應(yīng)適合貨物的數(shù)目、包裝方式和物理特色。當(dāng)采納新式或代替的貨物系固設(shè)施時,手冊應(yīng)相應(yīng)改正。代替的貨物系固設(shè)施的強度不該低于原設(shè)施。Thecargosecuringdevicesmentionedinthismanualshouldbeappliedsoastobesuitableandadaptedtothequantity,typeofpackaging,andphysicalpropertiesofthecargotobecarried.Whenneworalternativetypesofcargosecuringdevicesareintroduced,theCargoSecuringManualshouldberevisedaccordingly.Alternativecargosecuringdevicesintroducedshouldnothavelessstrengththantheequipmentwhichitreplaces..6船上應(yīng)配有足夠的備用貨物系固設(shè)施。Thereshouldbeasufficientquantityofreservecargosecuringdevicesonboardtheship..7手冊中已包含每種貨物系固設(shè)施的強度資料、使用和養(yǎng)護的須知。貨物系固設(shè)施應(yīng)保養(yǎng)優(yōu)秀,當(dāng)存在影響系固見效的磨損或傷害時應(yīng)更新設(shè)施。Informationonthestrengthandinstructionsfortheuseandmaintenanceofeachspecifictypeofcargosecuringdevice,whereapplicable,isprovidedinthismanual.Thecargosecuringdevicesshouldbemaintainedinasatisfactorycondition.Itemswornordamagedtosuchanextentthattheirqualityisimpairedshouldbereplaced.9/92頁眉.8未經(jīng)船長贊成船體結(jié)構(gòu)上不得加焊任何零件。Thehullstructurecan'tbeaddedandweldedanypartwithoutpermissionofcaptain..9如要在甲板板、艙壁板上焊接系固設(shè)施，必然同扶強材、橫梁、縱骨或肋板重合，且擁有適合的焊接面積來承載。Ifsecuringdevicesshallbeweldatdeck,bulkhead,itmustconnectwiththestiffener,beam,longitudinalorframes,andthesuitableareaofweldingisborntheweightof..10全部新改換的基座、綁刺眼板和綁扎地令等應(yīng)配有吻合適合的國家或國際標準的證書，以證明其最大系固負荷。Allrenewalofbase,eyeplateandD-lingshouldprovidewithsuitablecertificateofnationortheinternationalstandardinordertoproveitsmaximumsecuringload..11載荷不該直接作用于船體結(jié)構(gòu)上，也不該與系固設(shè)施贊成的受力面成必然角度〔如以以下列圖〕Loadshouldactonhullstructuredirectly,andshouldnotformintoacertainanglewithallowableforcesagainstsecuringdevices(seethefollowingpicture)正確correct正確

不正確wrongcorrect10/92頁眉第二章(CHAPTER2)貨物系固裝置(CARGOSECURINGDEVICES〕2.1固定式貨物系固設(shè)施〔Fixedcargosecuringdevices〕.1固定式貨物系固設(shè)施清單〔ListofFixedcargosecuringdevices〕見附錄二seeappendix2.2固定式貨物系固設(shè)施部署圖〔Arrangementoffixedcargosecuringdevices〕見附錄二seeappendix2.3固定式貨物系固設(shè)施結(jié)構(gòu)圖〔Sketchoffixedcargosecuringdevices〕見附錄二seeappendix22.2便攜式貨物系固設(shè)施〔Portablecargosecuringdevices〕.1便攜式貨物系固設(shè)施清單〔Listofportablecargosecuringdevices〕見附錄三seeappendix3.2便攜式貨物系固設(shè)施結(jié)構(gòu)圖〔Sketchofportablecargosecuringdevices〕見附錄三seeappendix311/92頁眉.3便攜式貨物系固設(shè)施證明書(Documentstoportablecargosecuringdevices)見附錄三seeappendix3檢查和保護方案(InspectionandMaintenanceSchemes)船長應(yīng)負責(zé)按期檢查和保護。貨物系固設(shè)施的檢查的最低要求應(yīng)包含:RegularinspectionandmaintenancearecarriedoutundertheresponsibilityoftheMaster.Cargosecuringdeviceinspectionshouldasaminimuminclude:.1對零件的平時外觀檢查:Routinevisualexaminationsofcomponentsbeingutilized:使用任何貨物系固設(shè)施前,不論是固定式仍是便攜式,均應(yīng)進行外觀檢查以確認沒出缺點。當(dāng)合用時,全部活動零件應(yīng)已潤滑并要正確使用。Beforeusinganycargosecuringdevice,whetherfixedorportable,theequipmentmustbevisuallyinspectedtoensurethattherearenodefectsandthatwhenappropriate,allmovingpartshavebeengreasedandareoperatingcorrectly.使用后及寄存前,對付每一零件做外觀檢查,確認其未遇到破壞,保持優(yōu)秀狀態(tài),不用進行維修或改換。特別在船舶航行遇有惡劣天氣后,對付綁扎設(shè)施認真檢查。出缺點的便攜式綁扎設(shè)施應(yīng)寄存在適合的獨立地方,如標有“已壞〞的箱子里,在其再次使用前須進行必需的維修和試驗。如零件無維修價值,就應(yīng)將其報廢。Afteruse,andbeforegoingintostorage,eachdeviceshouldbevisuallyinspectedtoensurethatthedevicehasnotsustaineddamage,isstillingoodconditionanddoesnotrequirerepairorreplacement.Especiallyafterheavyweathervoyagesthelashingequipmentshouldbecarefullyexamined.Defectiveportablelashingequipmentshouldbeputasideintoasuitableseparatelocation,i.e.binsmarked“BAD〞,andanynecessaryrepairsandtestingmustbecarriedoutpriorto12/92頁眉re-use.Ifbeyondrepairtheequipmentistobescrapped.報廢零件應(yīng)用等同零件代替。換新的貨物系固設(shè)施必然擁有證書。Discardedpartsofequipmentshouldbereplacedbyequivalentparts.CargoSecuringEquipmentisonlytoberenewedbycertifiedequipment.全部便攜式系固設(shè)施應(yīng)每隔不超出三個月進行外觀檢查及必需的潤滑。Allportablesecuringdevicesshallbevisuallyexaminedandgreasedasnecessaryatintervalsnotexceeding3months.未使用的便攜式設(shè)施應(yīng)采集、寄存在箱子里。Portableequipmentnotinuseshouldbecollectedandstoredinbins..2按期檢查和/或從頭試驗依據(jù)主管機關(guān)要求進行。當(dāng)需要時,相關(guān)的貨物系固設(shè)施應(yīng)經(jīng)OMCS查驗。Periodicexaminations/re-testingasrequiredbytheAdministration.Whenrequired,thecargosecuringdevicesconcernedshouldbesubjecttoinspectionsbyOMCS.-固定式貨物系固設(shè)施和船舶結(jié)構(gòu)的連結(jié)焊縫應(yīng)按期檢查,任何裂紋或開裂都應(yīng)刨掉并焊補。該連結(jié)焊縫應(yīng)由有資格的焊工依據(jù)贊成的焊接工藝進行焊接。Theweldsconnectingthefixedcargosecuringequipmenttotheship’sstructuresshouldbeinspectedregularlyandanyfracturesortearingshouldbegougedoutandrewelded.Weldingofthedevicetothestructureshouldbecarriedoutbyapprovalpersonnelinaccordancewithrecognizedweldingpractice.假如甲板、內(nèi)底板、艙蓋、艙壁或舷側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)的根本結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)變形到能夠致積載不均勻的程度時,這些結(jié)構(gòu)必然用最適合的方法進行維修。船舶結(jié)構(gòu)在系固點周邊任何重要變形的維修,應(yīng)在最早時間內(nèi)報告OMCS。Iftheunderlyingstructureofthedeck,tanktop,hatchcovers,bulkheadorsidestructureisdeformedtosuchanextentthatanunevenstowwouldresult,thestructureshouldberepairedbythemostappropriatemethod.Anysignificant13/92頁眉deformationoftheship’sstructureinwayofsecuringpointsistobereportedtoOMCSattheearliestopportunity.貨物系固設(shè)施使用幾次后,不論是未緊固的仍是固定的,均應(yīng)按期進行從頭試驗。被試驗的設(shè)施應(yīng)是隨機采納,如每種型號設(shè)施中,50件中取一件。這些試驗應(yīng)采納許用強度負荷。-Cargosecuringequipmentusedseveraltimes,bothlooseandfixed,shouldbere-testedregularly.Theequipmenttobetestedshouldbeselectedbyrandomselection,forinstance1of50piecesofeachtypeofequipment.Thesetestsshouldbeproofstrengthload.2.3.2本節(jié)以文件形式給出檢查和保護船舶貨物系固設(shè)施的作法。應(yīng)在附在貨物系固手冊后的記錄簿作記錄。Thissub-chapterdocumentsactionstoinspectandmaintaintheship’scargosecuringdevices.Entriesaremadeinarecordbook,whichshouldbekeptwiththeCargoSecuringManual..1檢查、保護、維修和換新應(yīng)按期進行，以保證貨物在整個航程中被安全系固。Theinspection,maintenance,repairandrenewaltothecargosecuringdevicesshouldberegularlycarriedouttoensurethatthecargoremainssafelysecuredthroughoutthevoyage.見附錄四Seeappendix4..2檢查和保護應(yīng)記入附錄四中的貨物系固設(shè)施檢查/保護簿上。Inspectionandmaintenancecarriedoutaretobeenteredintothe“LOGFORINSPECTION/MAINTENANCEOFCARGOSECURINGDEVICES〞showninappendix4.本節(jié)內(nèi)容包含供給給船長的相關(guān)航行中系固部署的檢查和調(diào)整的信息。Thissub-chaptershouldcontaininformationforthemasterregarding14/92頁眉inspectionsandadjustmentsofsecuringarrangementsduringthevoyage..1對付系固設(shè)施進行按期檢查,以保證貨物在整個航程中被安全系固。Thesecuringdevicesshouldberegularlyinspectedtoensurethatthecargoremainssafelysecuredthroughoutthevoyage..2航行中,經(jīng)檢查若有必需,應(yīng)實時調(diào)整系固部署。系固設(shè)施的調(diào)整包含收緊系索或從頭綁扎。若有必需應(yīng)安裝額外的系索,而且如可行,應(yīng)增添摩擦力。當(dāng)預(yù)期船舶要遇到惡劣氣象或涌浪及船舶遇到惡劣氣象后,上述舉措更是至關(guān)重要。航行中因貨物變形或擠碰能夠致系索松動,故應(yīng)親密注意系索的狀況。當(dāng)貨物在溫度較低的環(huán)境中裝載或系固后,船舶駛向溫度較高的環(huán)境中,系索也簡單松動。Thesecuringarrangementshouldbeadjusted,iffoundnecessaryafterinspection,duringthevoyage.Adjustmentofsecuringdevicesincludere-tighteningoflashingsorremarkingthelashing.Ifnecessaryadditionallashingsshouldbefitted,andifpossiblethefrictioncouldbeincreased.Thisisparticularimportantwhenheavyweatherorswellisexpected.Moreover,whenheavyweatherhaspassed.Particularattentionshouldalsobepaidtolashingwhichmaybecomeslackduetothecargodeformingorcompactingduringthevoyage.Lashingsmayalsobecomeslackwhencargoesareloadedandsecuredinconditionsoflowambienttemperatureandthevesselthenproceedstoareasofsignificantlyhigherambienttemperature..3如船舶遇有惡劣氣象及海況而對貨物系固部署進行調(diào)整時,應(yīng)特別當(dāng)心以防備海員受傷。優(yōu)秀的航海技術(shù)是必需的。Ifadjustmenttothecargosecuringarrangementhastobecarriedoutatseaunderadverseweatherandseaconditionsadequateprecautionshavetobetakentoavoiddangeroussituationsforthecrew.Goodseamanshipisnecessary..4在一個航次中,局部卸載將致使貨物裸露在外,對付其進行優(yōu)秀系固以防備在卸放其余貨物時發(fā)生危險。Duringavoyage,partialdischargemayresultinanexposedcargoface.Thisshouldpreferablybesecuredwhileloadingtoavoidhazardswhiledischarging15/92頁眉othercargo..5應(yīng)有足夠的備用系固設(shè)施以對付不可以展望的的狀況發(fā)生。Sufficientreservesecuringdevicesshouldbecarriedtodealtwithunexpectedcircumstances..6對綁扎件的全部檢查和調(diào)整應(yīng)記入船舶記錄簿。Entriesofallexaminationsandadjustmentstolashingsshouldbemadeintheship’srecordbook.16/92頁眉第三章(CHAPTER3)非標準化和半標準化貨物的積載和系固(StowageandSecuringofNon-StandardizedandSemi-StandardizedCargo)積載和系固須知(Stowageandsecuringinstructions)系固設(shè)施的使用須知(Instructionsontheproperhandlingofthesecuringdevices).1當(dāng)墊貨材放在甲板時,方向應(yīng)橫對船體,以便污水能簡單排到艙內(nèi)。Whendunnageislaidondeck,itshouldbedirectedathwartshipssothatbilgecanbeeasilydrainedintothetank..2當(dāng)使用鋼絲繩、鏈條等器材時,應(yīng)當(dāng)對環(huán)繞進行相應(yīng)的注意。Inapplyingwireropes、chainsetc.duecareshouldbegiventoanytwistingonthem..3當(dāng)鋼絲采納夾鉗夾緊時,應(yīng)依據(jù)下面的標準圖進行:Thestandardillustratedbelowistobefollowedwhenapplyingclipstowires:使用貨物系固設(shè)施及由船上或岸上人員進行系固操作的安全須知Safetyinstructionsrelatedtohandlingofthecargosecuringdevicesandtosecuringoperationsbyshiporshorepersonnel.17/92頁眉.1為了防備不適合地積載和系固貨物,船上人員應(yīng)監(jiān)察貨物的系固操作過程。Shippersonnelaretosupervisecargosecuringoperationsinordertopreventunsuitablestowageandsecuringofcargoes..2工作地方應(yīng)有條不紊,在光芒黯淡的地方,應(yīng)有燈具照明。Workingspacearetobeputinorderandlightedbyanylightingapparatuswhereitisdark..3系固操作開始前,船上人員應(yīng)檢查工作地方以保證工作安全。Shippersonnelaretoinspectworkingspacespriortosecuringoperationsandensurethattheyaresuitablysafeforcarryingoutsuchwork.3.2貨物單元受力計算(Evaluationofforcesactingonthecargounits)下文系直接引用〞CSS規(guī)那么〞附那么13,序號同原文。ThefollowingtextisquoteddirectlyfromAnnex13totheCSSCode.Thesamechapternumberingisapplied.1.合用范圍(ScopeofApplication)本規(guī)那么介紹的方法合用于非標準貨物，但不合用于集裝箱船上裝載的集裝箱。Themethodsdescribedinthisannexshouldbeappliedtonon-standardizedcargoes,butnottocontainersoncontainerships.依據(jù)“貨物積載和系固安全操作規(guī)那么〞(以下簡稱“規(guī)那么〞)第1.8章條款載運的特別沉重的貨件和規(guī)那么附那么中已給出對于裝載和系固的詳細建議的其余貨物,不包含在本附那么范圍內(nèi)。Veryheavyunitsascarriedundertheprovisionsofchapter1.8oftheCodeofSafePracticeforCargoStowageandSecuring(CSSCode)andthoseitemsforwhichexhaustiveadviceonstowageandsecuringisgivenintheannexestotheCodeshouldbeexcluded.假如計算機軟件輸出的設(shè)計參數(shù)知足最低安全系數(shù)要求時,,那么贊成使用該軟件。Nothinginthisannexshouldbereadtoexcludetheuseofcomputer18/92頁眉software,providedtheoutputachievesdesignparameterswhichmeettheminimumsafetyfactorsappliedinthissub-chapter.采納本附那么所描繪的方法是對優(yōu)秀航海技術(shù)原那么的增補,其實不可以夠代替在裝載和系固方面的實踐經(jīng)驗。Theapplicationofthemethodsdescribedinthissectionissupplementarytotheprinciplesofgoodseamanshipandshallnotreplaceexperienceinstowageandsecuringpractice.目的(Purposeofthemethods)本計算方法應(yīng):(Themethodsshould:).1供給貨物系固手冊的編寫指南;providedguidanceforthepreparationoftheCargoSecuringManualandtheexamplestherein;.2就不包含在貨物系固手冊內(nèi)的貨物單元的系固方式向船上人員供給評定方法;assistship’sstaffonassessingthesecuringofcargounitsnotcoveredbytheCargoSecuringManual;.3幫助岸上人員評定手冊之外的貨物單元的系固方式;assistqualifiedshorepersonnelinassessingthesecuringofcargounitsnotcoveredbytheCargoSecuringManual;and.4供船岸人員培訓(xùn)參照。serveasareferenceformaritimeandport-relatededucationandtraining.計算方法簡述(Presentationofthemethods)本計算方法采納了一種可廣泛采納的和靈巧的方式。Themethodsarepresentedinauniversallyapplicableandflexibleway.系固設(shè)施的強度(Strengthofsecuringequipment)19/92頁眉.1系固設(shè)施的制造商應(yīng)最少供給設(shè)施的破斷強度(kN);Manufacturersofsecuringequipmentshouldatleastsupplyinformationonthenominalbreakingstrengthoftheequipmentinkilo-Newton’s(kN)；.2“最大系固載荷〞(MSL)用于限制船上某一用于系固貨物的設(shè)施的載荷。最大系固載荷是系固設(shè)施的安全載荷,相當(dāng)于起重設(shè)施的安全工作載荷?！癕aximumsecuringload〞(MSL)isatermusedtodefinetheloadcapacityforadeviceusedtosecurecargotoaship;Maximumsecuringloadistosecuringdevicesassafeworkingloadistoliftingtackle.除4.3所述狀況外,各樣不一樣樣的系固設(shè)施的MSL見表1。TheMSLsfordifferentsecuringdevicesaregiveninTable1ifnotgivenunder4.3.木材的MSL取2〔順紋〕。TheMSLoftimbershouldbetakenas0.3kN/cm2normaltothegrain.由破斷強度確立MSLDeterminationofMSLfrombreakingstrength表1(Table1)MATERIALMSLshackles,rings,deckeyes,50%ofbreakingstrengthturnbucklesofmildsteel33%ofbreakingstrengthfibrerope80%ofbreakingstrengthwirerope(singleuse)30%ofbreakingstrengthwirerope(re-usable)70%ofbreakingstrengthsteelband(singleuse)50%ofbreakingstrengthchains.3對于某些系固設(shè)施(如:帶有張緊裝置的纖維帶或系固集裝箱的特別設(shè)施),可由主管機關(guān)規(guī)定并標出許用工作負荷。該值可作為MSL。Forparticularsecuringdevices(e.g.fibrestrapswithtensionersorspecialequipmentforsecuringcontainers)apermissibleworkingloadmaybeprescribedandmarkedbyauthority.ThisshouldbetakenastheMSL..4當(dāng)系固裝置的零件以串聯(lián)形式連結(jié)時，如鋼絲繩連結(jié)卸扣再連結(jié)甲板眼環(huán),那么該系固裝置的MSL為串聯(lián)中的最小的MSL值。Whenthecomponentsofalashingdevicesareconnectedinseries,for20/92頁眉example,awiretoashackletoadeckeye,theminimumMSLintheseriesshallapplytothatdevice.5.安全系數(shù)(Safetyfactor)在使勁和力矩的計算均衡來評估綁扎部署時,綁扎裝置的計算強度(CS)可用安全系數(shù)1.5對MSL按下述方法折減:Withintheassessmentofasecuringarrangementbyacalculatedbalanceofforcesandmoments,thecalculatedstrength(CS)ofsecuringdevicesshouldbereducedagainstMSL,usingasafetyfactorof1.5,asfollows:折減的原由是因為綁扎裝置中力的不均勻散布可能性、因為不良裝置而致使的強度降低或其余原由。Thereasonforthisreductionarethepossibilityofunevendistributionofforcesamongthedevices,strengthreductionduetopoorassemblyandothers.只管引入了上述的安全系數(shù),還應(yīng)盡量采納長度和資料相像的系固零件以使綁扎裝置的彈性特色一致。Notwithstandingtheintroductionofsuchasafetyfactor,careshouldbetakentousesecuringelementsofsimilarmaterialandlengthinordertoprovidedauniformelasticbehaviorwithinthearrangement.6.經(jīng)驗方法(Rule-of-thumbmethod).1貨物單元任一側(cè)(左舷和右舷)的系固設(shè)施的MSL之和應(yīng)等于該單元的重量〔單元的重量單位應(yīng)為kN)。ThetotaloftheMSLvaluesofthesecuringdevicesoneachsideofaunitofcargo(portaswellasstarboard)shouldequaltheweightoftheunit.(TheweightoftheunitshouldbetakeninkN)..2本方法其實是將橫向加快度取為2),合用于全部尺度的船舶,不論其碼放地點、穩(wěn)性和裝載條件、季節(jié)和運陣營區(qū)。其余,本方法不考慮系索角度的不利作用和同類系固點間的不均勻性,也未考慮摩擦的有益作用。2),appliestonearlyanysizeofship,regardlessofthelocationofstowage,stabilityandloadingcondition,seasonandareaofoperation.Themethod,however,takesintoaccountneithertheadverseeffectsoflashinganglesandhomogeneousdistributionofforcesamongthesecuringdevicesnorthefavourableeffectfriction.21/92頁眉.3系索與甲板間的橫向夾角應(yīng)不大于60o,而且使用適合的資料以產(chǎn)生足夠的摩擦。夾角大于60o的系索只好用于防備貨物翻轉(zhuǎn)而不可以夠計入與經(jīng)驗方法相關(guān)的系索之中。oTransverselashinganglestothedeckshouldnotbegreaterthan60.anditisimportantthatadequatefrictionisprovidedbytheuseofsuitablematerial.Additionallashingsatangleofgreaterthan60omaybedesirabletopreventtippingbutarenottobecountedinthenumberoflashingsundertherule-of-thumb.7.改進的計算法(Advancedcalculationmethod)7.1外力假定(Assumptionofexternalforces)在縱、橫、垂三個方向作用在貨物單元上的外力應(yīng)使用下式求得:Externalforcestoacargounitinlongitudinal,transverseandverticaldirectionshouldbeobtainedusingtheformula:F(x,y,z)=ma(x,y,z)+Fw(x,y)+Fs(x,y)F(x,y,z):縱、橫、垂向力(longitudinal,transverseandverticalforces);m:貨物單元的質(zhì)量(massofunit);a(x,y,z)：縱、橫、垂向加快度(見表2)(longitudinal,transverseandverticalaccelerations(seeTable2);Fw(x,y):由風(fēng)壓造成的縱、橫向力(longitudinalandtransverseforcesbywindpressure);Fs(x,y):由浪的拍擊造成的縱、橫向力(longitudinalandtransverseforcesbyseasloshing)。根本加快度值見表2(ThebasicaccelerationdataarepresentedinTable2)。表2根本加快度值22/92頁眉注(Remark):橫向加快度值包含因重力、縱搖和垂蕩而惹起的平行于甲板的分力。垂向加快度不包含靜重分力。Thegiventransverseaccelerationfiguresincludecomponentsofgravity,pitchandheavyparalleltothedeck.Thegivenverticalaccelerationfiguresdonotincludethestaticweightcomponent.上述根本加快度值僅在知足以下全部條件時有效:Thebasicaccelerationdataaretobeconsideredasvalidunderthefollowingoperationalconditions:1.在無量航區(qū)營運；Operationinunrestrictedarea;2.整年營運；Operationduringthewholeyear;3.25天為一個航次；Durationofthevoyageis25days;4.船長為100m；Lengthofshipis100m.；5.效力航速為15kn；Servicespeedis15knots;≥13(B:船寬,GM:初穩(wěn)心高度)。B/GM≥13(B:breadthofship,GM:metacentricheight).23/92頁眉假定在限制航區(qū)營運,表列數(shù)值可在考慮季節(jié)和航次的航行時間后減少。Foroperationinarestrictedarea,reductionofthesefiguresmaybeconsidered.takingintoaccounttheseasonoftheyearandthedurationofthevoyage.假定船長其實不是100m且效力航速其實不是15kn,應(yīng)依據(jù)表3修正加快度值。Forshipsofalengthotherthan100mandaservicespeedotherthan15knots,theaccelerationfiguresshouldbecorrectedbyafactorgiveninTable3.與船長和航速相關(guān)的修正Correctionfactorsforlengthandspeed表3(Table3)SpeedLength50607080901001201401601802009kn12kn15kn18kn21kn24kn對于B/GM<13的狀況,應(yīng)按表4對橫向加快度值進行修正。Inaddition,forshipswithB/GMlessthan13,thetransverseaccelerationfiguresshouldbecorrectedbyafactorgiveninTable4.B/GM<13時的修正系數(shù)CorrectionfactorsforB/GM<13表4(Table4)B/GM78910111213orabveondeckhightweendecklowerhold當(dāng)發(fā)生嚴重的橫搖共振時,橫搖幅值可超出±30o,此時橫向加快度可能超出表列值,應(yīng)采納有效舉措加以防備。24/92頁眉Inthecaseofmarkedrollresonancewithamplitudesabove±30o,thegivenfiguresoftransverseaccelerationmaybeexceeded.Effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoavoidthiscondition.當(dāng)迎浪高速航行砰擊嚴重時,那么縱向和垂向加快度可能超出表列值,應(yīng)適合減速。inthecaseofheadingintotheseasathighspeedwithmarkedslammingshocks,thegivenfiguresoflongitudinalandverticalaccelerationmaybeexceed.Anappropriatereductionofspeedshouldbeconsidered.當(dāng)隨浪或隨尾斜浪航行時,只管其穩(wěn)性不顯然低于最低要求,但可能發(fā)生大的橫搖因而橫向加快度可能超出表列值。此時應(yīng)適合該變航向。Inthecaseofrunningbeforelargesternorquarteringseaswithastabilitywhichdoesnotamplyexcesstheacceptedminimumrequirements,largerollamplitudesmustbeexpectedwithtransverseaccelerationgreaterthanthefiguresgiven.Anappropriatechangeofheadingshouldbeconsidered.露天甲板上貨物品的風(fēng)波力應(yīng)由下式確立：Forcesbywindandseatocargounitsabovetheweatherdeckshouldbeaccountedforbysimpleapproach:風(fēng)力=1kN/m2forcesbywindpressure=1kN/m2飛濺力=1kN/m2forcesbyseasloshing=1kN/m2實質(zhì)的飛濺力可能比上述數(shù)值大的多。上述數(shù)值能夠被以為是經(jīng)采納保護舉措后的剩余局部。Sloshingbyseacaninduceforcesmuchgreaterthanthefiguregivenabove.thisfigureshouldbeconsideredasremainingunavoidableafteradequatemeasurestopreventovercomingseas.僅就高于露天甲板或艙口2M以下的范圍內(nèi)的甲板貨考慮飛濺力。在限制航區(qū)航行能夠忽視飛濺力。Seasloshingforcesneedonlybeappliedtoheightofdeckcargoupto2mabovetheweatherdeckorhatchtop.Forvoyagesinrestrictedareaseasloshingforcesmaybeneglected.7.2力和力矩的均衡(Balanceofforcesandmoments)25/92頁眉均衡計算應(yīng)包含以下內(nèi)容:Thebalancecalculationshouldpreferablybecarriedoutfor:向左、右舷的橫向滑動transverseslidinginportandstarboarddirections向左、右舷的橫向轉(zhuǎn)動transversetippinginportandstarboarddirection在減少摩擦的條件下向前、后的縱向滑動longitudinalslidingunderconditionsofreducedfrictioninforwardandaftdirection假定系固安排是對稱的,那么可僅計算一次。Inthecaseofsymmetricalsecuringarrangements,oneappropriatecalculationissufficient.7.2.1橫向滑動(Transversesliding)均衡計算應(yīng)在以下條件下進行(見圖1)Thebalancecalculationshouldmeetthefollowingcondition(seealsofigure1)Fy≤μmg+CS1f1+CS2f2+...+CSnfn此中(where):n：歸入計算的系索的根數(shù)(thenumberoflashingsbeingcalculated)；Fy：由外力假定而獲得的橫向力(transverseforcefromloadassumption),kN；：摩擦系數(shù)(frictioncoefficient)；(=0.3鋼、木或鋼、橡膠(forsteel-timberorsteel-rubber))(=0.1無聊的鋼、鋼(forsteel-steel,dry))26/92頁眉(=0.0濕潤的鋼、鋼(forsteel-steel,wet))m：貨物質(zhì)量(massofthecargounit),t；g：地球重力加快度,取22)；CS：橫向系固設(shè)施的計算強度,(calculatedstrengthoftransversesecuringdevices)kN；f：和垂向系固角的函數(shù)(見表5)(afunctionofandtheverticalsecuringangle(seeTable5)。作為和的函數(shù)的f的值/即f=sin+cosf-valuesasfunctionofand/Remark:f=sin+cos表5(Table5)ooooooooooooo-30-20-100102030405060708090當(dāng)垂向系固角大于60o時將降低系固設(shè)施在防備貨物單元滑動方面的作用,應(yīng)試慮在均衡計算中不計入該系固設(shè)施,除非它用于防備翻轉(zhuǎn)和供給預(yù)應(yīng)力。Averticalsecuringanglegreaterthan60owillreducetheeffectivenessofthisparticularsecuringdeviceinrespecttoslidingoftheunits.Disregardingofsuchdevicesfromthebalanceofforcesshouldbeconsidered,unlessthenecessaryloadisgainedbytheimminenttendencytotippingorbyareliablepre-tensioningofthesecuringdeviceandmaintainthepre-tensionthroughoutthevoyage.水平系固角不該大于30o,否那么該系索不該歸入橫向滑動均衡計算。Anyhorizontalsecuringangle,i.e.deviationfromthetransversedirection,shouldnotexceed30o,otherwiseanexclusionofthisdevicefromthetransverseslidingbalanceshouldbeconsidered.橫向翻轉(zhuǎn)(Transversetipping)均衡應(yīng)知足下式(見圖2):Thisbalancecalculationshouldmeetthefollowingcondition(seealsoFigure2):27/92頁眉Fyabmg+CS1c1+CS2c2+...+Csncn此中(where):Fy,m,g,CS,n同上述7.2.1(Fy,m,g,CS,nareasexplainedunder7.2.1);翻轉(zhuǎn)力臂(見圖2)(lever-armoftipping(seeFigure2)),m;堅固力臂(見圖2)(lever-armofstableness(seeFigure2)),m;c:系固力臂(見圖2)(lever-armofsecuringforce(seeFigure2)),m?？v向滑動(longitudinalsliding)在常例狀況下,橫向的系固裝置的縱向分力足夠防備縱向滑動。如存在疑問,那么應(yīng)知足下式:Undernormalconditionsthetransversesecuringdevicesprovidedsufficientlongitudinalcomponentstopreventlongitudinalsliding.Ifindoubt,abalancecalculationshouldmeetthefollowingcondition:Fx(mg-Fz)+CS1f1+CS2f2+...+Csnfn此中(where):Fx:由外力假定而獲得的縱向力(longitudinalforcefromloadassumption),kN；,m,g,f,n同7.2.1(,m,g,f,nareasexplainedunder7.2.1)；Fz:由外力假定而獲得的垂向力(verticalforcefromloadassumption),kN；28/92頁眉CS:縱向系固設(shè)施的計算強度(calculatedstrengthoflongitudinalsecuringdevices),kN。注:橫向系索的縱向分力不該大于0.5CS。Remark:Longitudinalcomponentsoftransversesecuringdevicesshouldnotbeassumedgreaterthan0.5CS.改進計算方法算例(Advancedcalculationmethod:calculatedexample)船舶(Ship):L=120m;B=16m;GM=1.4m;航速(speed)=15節(jié)(knots)貨物(Cargo):m=62t;尺寸(dimensions)=6x4x4m;積載在甲板下0.7L船優(yōu)點(storageat0.7Londecklow)29/92頁眉系固資料(Securingmaterial):鋼絲繩(wirerope):破斷強度(breakingstrength)=125kN;MSL=100kN卸扣(shackles),松緊螺絲(turnbuckles)甲板環(huán)(deckrings):破斷強度(breakingstrength)=180kN;MSL=90kN裝在墊貨材上(stowageondunnageboards):30/92頁眉=0.3;CS=90/1.5=60kN系固部署(Securingarrangement):邊(side)nCSfc右舷(stbd)460kN40o-左舷(port)260kN40o-左舷(port)260kN10o-外力(Externalforces):Fx=2.9x0.89x62+16+8=184kNFy=6.3x0.89x62+24+12=384kNFz=6.2x0.89x62=342kN力的均衡(Balanceofforces):(左舷部署(portarrangement)):384<422知足(thisisOK)力的均衡(Balanceofforces):(右舷部署(stbdarrangement)):384<412知足(thisisOK)力矩的均衡(Balanceofmoments):691<1216即便沒有綁扎也不會翻轉(zhuǎn)(notipping,evenwithoutlashing)！注(Remark):船上貨物單元的受力計算應(yīng)依據(jù)附錄一給出的表格進行。EvaluationofforcesactingoncargounitsonboardshouldbeverifiedinaccordancewiththetablegiveninAppendix131/92頁眉對評估非標準貨物系固裝置有效性的方法的說明和解說Explanationsandinterpretationof“methodstoassesstheefficiencyofsecuringarrangementsfornon-standardizedcargo〞應(yīng)認識按本規(guī)那么第1.8章的規(guī)定裝運特重貨物品所采納方法范圍之外狀況,為在特定氣象條件和海浪條件下運輸時供給采納堆裝和系固此類重貨件的方法。對范圍之外情況的認識其實不是對貨物品所采納的方法限止到某一重量或尺寸。Theexclusionofveryheavyunitsascarriedundertheprovisionsofchapter1.8oftheCodefromthescopeofapplicationofthemethodsshouldbeunderstoodtoaccommodatethepossibilityofadaptingthestowageandsecuringofsuchunitstospecificallydeterminedweatherconditionsandseaconditionsduringtransport.Theexclusionshouldnotbeunderstoodasbeingarestrictionofthemethodstounitsuptoacertainmassordimension.2.表2給出的加快度數(shù)與修正系數(shù)一同代表一個25天航程的峰值。這一點其實不表示在x、y和z軸向的峰值以相同的概率同時發(fā)生。一般能夠這樣假定即橫向峰值將與小于60%的縱向和垂向峰值一同出現(xiàn)?？v向和垂向的峰值能夠更親密地參加進來。因為它們都有縱傾和升沉的共同源。TheaccelerationfiguresgiveninTable2incombinationwiththecorrectionfactorsrepresentpeakvaluesona25-dayvoyage.Thisdoesnotimplythatpeakvalueinx,yandzdirectionsoccursimultaneouslywiththesameprobability.Itcanbegenerallyassumedthatpeakvaluesinthetransversedirectionwillappearincombinationwithlessthan60%ofthepeakvaluesinlongitudinalandverticaldirections.Peakvaluesinlongitudinalandverticaldirectionsmaybeassociatedmorecloselybecausetheyhavethecommonsourceofpitchingandheaving.改進計算方法使用了〞最差條件方法〞。這一點能夠經(jīng)過橫向加快度數(shù)清楚地表示出來,這些數(shù)值在船舶的首部和尾部的增大并顯示出同時產(chǎn)生的垂向加快度的橫向分力的影響。因此在力和力矩的橫向均衡中不用分別考慮垂向加快度。這些同時作用的垂向加快度會惹起貨件的重量顯然增大,因此促使力均衡中的摩擦力以及力矩均衡中各力矩的堅固性。正因為這樣,沒有因為現(xiàn)有的橫傾角而減小法向力mg。32/92