新視野大學英語第四冊unit4

UnitFourLObjectives:TomemorizenewwordsandphrasesinthisunitToimprovestudents'readingskillofrecognizingparagraphpatternsTolearntowriteshortcompositionsofcomparisonsToimprovethelisteningskillsofrecognizingtimeandnumbers,andtheskillsofnotes-takingTolearntopracticetheconversationalskillsofexpressingdefinitenessandpercentage,andlearnhowtoprepareforanjobinterviewILDifficultsentencesAtransformationisoccurringthatshouldgreatlyboostlivingstandardsinthedevelopingworld.Placesthatuntilrecentlyweredeafanddumbarerapidlyacquiringup-to-datetelecommunicationsthatwillletthempromotebothinternalandforeigninvestment.(L.l-3)Tolickthisproblem,Russiaisstartingtoinstallopticalfiberandhasastrategicplantopump$40billionintovariouscommunicationsprojects.Butitseconomyisstuckinrecessionanditbarelyhasthemoneytoevenscratchthesurfaceoftheproblem.(L.29-32)SentencepatternsPlacesthatuntilrecentlyweredeafanddumbarerapidlyacquiringup-to-datetelecommunicationsthatwillletthempromotebothinternalandforeigninvestment.ManyexpertsthinkVietnamisgoingtoofarbyrequiringthatallmobilephonesbeexpensivedigitalmodels,whenitisdesperateforanyphones,period.Still,there'slittledisputethatcommunicationswillbeakeyfactorseparatingthewinnersfromthelosers.4.It'scheapertobuildradiotowersthantostringlinesacrossmountainridges,andbusinesseseagerforreliableservicearewillingtoacceptasignificantlyhigherpricetagforawirelesscal!一thefeeistypicallytwotofourtimesasmuchasforcallsmadeoverfixedlines.5.Forwirelessphoneserviceproviders,nowhereisbusinessbetterthaninLatinAmerica—havinganoperationthereislikehavinganendlesspileofmoneyatyourdisposal.III.Keywordsandusefulexpressions:Section/TextA:boost,condense,intensive,desperate,scratch,log,lease,reliable,persist,bestuckwith,atone'sdisposal,keeppacewithIV.TimeArrangementPeriodActivitiesTimelimitTeachingMethod1Pre-readingTasks45min.presentation,discussion,Audio-visual2&3While-readingTasks90min.Qs-and-As,explanation,exemplification,analysis,paraphrase,translation4Post-readingTasks45min.explanation,5Exercises45min.exemplification,groupdiscussion6Readingskills45min.exemplification,analysis7&8Listening&Speaking90min.Audio-visual,groupdiscussion,communicationSectionATheTelecommunicationsRevolution1.Pre-reading(1stperiod—45min.)1.1:preview(20min.):BackgroundinformationTelecommunicationsTelecommunications,fromGreek,means"communicationsatadistance”.Telecommunicationsthroughvoice,data,andimagecommunicationischangingtheworld.TheInternetandtheWorldWideWebhavealreadycreatedaglobalsystemfbrtheaccessofinformation.E-mailmakesiteasytokeepincontactinstantlywithcolleaguesandfriendsaroundtheglobe.OpticalfiberOpticalfiber(or"fiberoptic")oftenreferstothemediumandthetechnologyassociatedwiththetransmissionofinformationaslightpulsesalongaglassorplasticwireorfiber.Opticalfibercarriesmuchmoreinformationthanconventionalcopperwireandisingeneralnotsubjecttoelectromagneticinterferenceandtheneedtoretransmitsignals.InformationageTheinformationageisaneraoffundamentalandglobalchangeinintellectual,philosophical,culturalandsocialterms.Today'sinformationagebeganwiththetelegraph.Itwasthefirstinstrumenttotransforminformationintoelectricalformandtransmititreliablyoverlongdistances.InformationsuperhighwayAnamefirstusedby(former)U.S.VicePresidentAlGoreforthevisionofaglobal,high-speedcommunicationsnetworkthatwillcarryvoice,data,video,andotherformsofinformationallovertheworld,andthatwillmakeitpossibleforpeopletosende-mail,getup-to-the-minutenews,andaccessbusiness,governmentandeducationalinformation.BellSouthCorporationBellSouthisatelecommunicationscompanyintheU.S.thatmainlyservesthesouthernstates.Itsbusinessrangesfromvoice(suchaslocalandlong-distancetelephoneandwireless)todata(computernetworks)services.1.2Topic-relatedvideo(15min.)3Topic-relateddiscussion(lOmin.).Whyaremobilephonessopopularamongcollegestudents?.Inyouropinion,whatinventionordiscoveryhasbroughtaboutthemostfar-reachingandlastingchangesinourcivilization?.Whydoyoubelieveradiohascontinuedtobepopularintheageoftelevision?.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Face-to-facecommunicationisbetterthanothertypesofcommunication,suchasletters,e-mail,ortelephonecalls.While-reading(2ndand3rdperiods—90min.)Globalreading(30min.)1.1themajordetailsofthetext(10min.)Whatdoestheauthormeanbydescribingplacesas"deafanddumb”?Theauthorreferstothoseplaceswithouttelecommunicationsfacilitiessuchastelephones,whichhindersexchangeofinformation.WhydosomeexpertsbelieveitisinappropriateforVietnamtorequirethatitsmobilephonesallbeexpensivedigitalmodels?BecausetheybelieveVietnamisdesperateforanyphonesanditlacksexperienceinweighingcostsandchoosingbetweentechnologies.WhycanwirelessphoneprovidersmakemoreprofitsinLatinAmericathananyotherplaces?BecauseLatinAmericancustomerstalktwotofourtimesaslongonthephoneaspeopleinNorthAmerica.1.2Organizationofthetext(20min.)Mainideaofthetext(lOmin.)Atransformationisoccurringthatshouldgreatlyboostlivingstandardsinthedevelopingworld.Manydevelopingcountriesareplanningtoinvestvastsumsofmoneyintheirtelecommunicationsnetworkstopromoteforeignanddomesticinvestment.However,somedevelopingcountrieslackexperienceinweighingcostsandchoosingbetweentechnologies.Anddespitethemistakesthey'llmake,they'llpersist—sothatonedaytheycancruisealongsideAmericansandWesternEuropeansontheinformationsuperhighway.Textstructureanalysis(lOmin.)PartOne(Para.1-2):Theoverwhelmingadvantagesoftelecommunicationsrevolutionfordevelopingcountries.PartTwo(Para.3):Howfastthosenationsshouldpushaheadisamatterofdebate.Oneshouldweighcostsandchoosebetweentechnologies.PartThree(Para.4-10):DifferentcountriesandareassuchasRussia,China,Hungary,LatinAmerica,ThailandandVietnamaretryingtosolvedifferentproblemswithdifferentresolutions.PartFour(Para.11):DevelopingcountriescancatchupwithAmericansandWesternEuropeansintelecommunicationstechnologiesiftheypersistintheirefforts.2Detailedreading(60min.)2.1Wordsandphrases(40min.)condense(L.13)：v.reduce(esp.sth.written)toasmallerorshorterform他設法將申請信壓縮成一頁。Hemanagedtocondensehisletterofapplicationtooneoasfewwordsaspossible.(我努力把報告壓縮)(Itriedtocondensethereport)bestuckwith(L.16)：havenochoiceaboutdealingwith(sb./sth.)ordoing(sth.unwantedorunpleasant)我為什么老是得干臟活?WhyamIalwaysstuckwiththedirtywork?Themotheralways.(不得不干打掃廚房的活)(gotstuckwithcleaningthekitchen)Compare:Pmstickingwithmyoriginalidea〇我堅持我原先的想法。Let'sjustmakeadecision,andthenstickwithit.讓我們作個決定,然后堅持這ー決定。amatterofsth./doingsth.(L.19)：sth.thatneedsorrequiressth.else年輕人認為成功是ー種自我滿足感問題。Youngpeoplethoughtsuccesswasamatterofself-satisfaction.Somepeoplelikepopmusicandsomeotherslikeclassicalmusic.(這是品味問題)(It'samatteroftaste.)desperate(L.22)：a.needingorwantingsth.verymuch孩子們極其需要疼愛和關心。Thechildrenareindesperateneedofloveandattention.Iwasabsolutely.(想見至リ她)(desperatetoseeher)logonto(L.39)：putone'snameintoacomputersothatonecanstartusingit你需要密碼オ能登錄這個系統(tǒng)。Youneedapasswordtologontothesystem.,hefoundsomedatahadbeenamazinglydeleted.(當他登錄電腦系統(tǒng))(Whenheloggedontothecomputersystem)Compare:logout/logoff:performtheactionsthatallowonetofinishusingacomputersystem退出Logoutbeforeswitchingthecomputeroff,關機前要退出〇reliable(L.39)：a.dependable;thatmaybetrusted我們的消息來源可靠。Ourinformationcomesfromareliablesource.Asfarasscheduleisconcerned,.(火車更可靠因為它們不會受到壞天氣的影響。)(trainsaremorereliablebecausetheyarenotaffectedbybadweather.)atone'sdisposal(L.46)：availableforonetouseasonewishes在他們來訪期間,我把汽車交給他們隨意使用。DuringtheirvisitIputmycarattheirdisposal.Theprofessorpromisesthatshewillforthewholeyear.(有一間辦公室和一臺電腦供她使用)(haveanofficeandacomputeratherdisposal)revenue(L.49)：n.[C]theincomethatagovernmentorcompanyreceivesregularly公司的年收入增長了30%。Thecompany'sannualrevenuesroseby30%.Onestudysaidthegovernmentwouldoverfiveyears.(獲得大約120億的稅款)(gainabout$12billionintaxrevenue)lagbehind(L.53)：failtoremainlevelwith(sb./sth.);beslowerthan(sb./sth.)他故意落在后面,這樣他可以抽根煙。Hedeliberatelylaggedbehindsothathecouldhaveacigarette.WhydoesJanealwayswhenwe'reoutforawalk?(落在其他家人的后面)(lagbehindtherestofthefamily)persist(L.61)：v.keepondoingsth.inspiteofoppositionordifficulty你為什么要不停地為所發(fā)生的事責備自己呢?Whydoyoupersistinblamingyourselfforwhathappened?,Iamsurewecancompletethetaskaheadoftime.(如果我們堅持努力)(Ifwepersistinoureffort)2.2Sentencepatterns(lOmin.)Typicalpatternsforcertaintyof(doing)sth.:原句:Still,there'slittledisputethatcommunicationswillbeakeyfactorseparatingthewinnersfromthelosers.(L.26)然而毋庸爭辯,通信技術將是區(qū)分贏家和輸家的關鍵因素。句型提煉:Still,thereislittledispute/doubtthat...然而毋庸爭辯/毋庸置疑的是,……應用:孩子們應如何接受教育是人們經常爭論的ー個問題。然而,毋庸爭辯的是,先進的知識將給他們的騰飛插上翅膀。Howchildrenshouldgeteducationisoftenamatterofdebate.Still,thereislittledisputethatadvancedknowledgecanlendwingstotheirriseinlife.Typicalpatternsforcomparisons:原口J：Forwirelessphoneserviceproviders,nowhereisbusinessbetterthaninLatinAmerica-havinganoperationthereislikehavinganendlesspileofmoneyatyourdisposal.(L.55)對于無線電話服務商來說,沒有任何地方的業(yè)務比拉丁美洲更好了ーー在那里有ー個營運點就好像有一堆無窮無盡供你使用的鈔票。句型提煉:For...,nowhereis...betterthanin...doingsth.thereislike 對某人來說,沒有任何地方的……比……更好了,在那里……就像是……ー樣。應用:對于渴望知識的學子而言,沒有任何地方的教育比大學里的更好了一在那里學習就像是置身于知識的海洋里一樣。Forstudentseagerforknowledge,nowhereiseducationbetterthanincollege一studyingthereislikebathingyourselfintheoceansofknowledge.2.2.3Difficultsentences(10min.)1)Atransformationisoccurringthatshouldgreatlyboostlivingstandardsinthedevelopingworld.Placesthatuntilrecentlyweredeafanddumbarerapidlyacquiringup-to-datetelecommunicationsthatwillletthempromotebothinternalandforeigninvestment.(L.1-3)一個將會大大提高發(fā)展中國家生活水準的轉變正方興未艾。一些不久前還是信息閉塞的地方正在快速獲得最新的通信技術,這將促進當地對國內外投資的吸納。a)這段話中的“thatshouldgreatlyboostlivingstandardsinthedevelopingworld”是transformation的定語從句。boostlivingstandards的懇思是“improvelivingstandards”。deafanddumb的意思是“信息閉塞”。Tolickthisproblem,Russiaisstartingtoinstallopticalfiberandhasastrategicplantopump$40billionintovariouscommunicationsprojects.Butitseconomyisstuckinrecessionanditbarelyhasthemoneytoevenscratchthesurfaceoftheproblem.(L.29-32)為了解決這ー問題,俄國已經開始鋪設光纖電纜,并制定了投入400億美元建設多種通信工程的戰(zhàn)略計劃。但是由于其經濟陷于低迷,幾乎沒有資金來著手解決最基本的問題。"tolickthisproblemnmeans"todealwiththisproblemM〇"topumpmoneyintosth."means"tospendalotofmoneytryingtomakesth.successful

“toscratchthesurfaceoftheproblem“means"tosolvethebasicproblem”。Post-reading(4thperiod-45min.)Usefulexpressions(25min.)L提高生活水平跨越經濟發(fā)展諸階段有望做某事L提高生活水平跨越經濟發(fā)展諸階段有望做某事給予……巨大的優(yōu)勢無法擺脫向前推進一個有爭論的問題極其需要……估算成本區(qū)分……與……陷入 .把 投入 之中,觸及表面;略知皮毛,進入（計算機）系統(tǒng):,整個（某個）地方,與……相比之下.在之中成為時尚,做出大膽的躍進,ー躍名列前茅toleapoverwholestagesofeconomicdevelopment(L.11)topromisetodosth.(L.13)togive***ahugeadvantageover***(L.16)tobestuckwith***(L.16)topushahead(L.18)amatterofdebate(L.19)tobedesperateforsth./todosth.(L.22)toweighcosts(L.23)toseparatefrom???(L.26)tobestuckin***(L.31)topump/o***(L.30/33)toscratchthesurfaceofsth.(L.32)登錄tologontosth.(L.39)登錄tobewillingtodosth.(L.52)acrosstheentirewidthandbreadthofaplace(L.54)ascomparedto(L.58)tobecometherageamong,,,(L.64)tomakeaboldleap(L.65)tomoveaheadinonejump(L.70)2Summaryofthetext(15min.)Atransformationisoccurringthatshouldgreatlyboostlivingstandardsinthedevelopingworld.Manydevelopingcountriesareplanningtoinvestvastsumsofmoneyintheirtelecommunicationsnetworkstopromoteforeignanddomesticinvestment.Overthenextdecade,Chinaplanstopoursome$100billionintotelecommunicationsequipment.TelecommunicationsisalsoakeytoShanghai'sambitionofbecomingatopfinancialcenter.Meanwhile,someotherdevelopingcountriesandareassuchasHungary,LatinAmerica,andThailandareallhopingtojumpintothemodemworldbymeansoftelecommunicationrevolution.However,somedevelopingcountrieslackexperienceinweighingcostsandchoosingbetweentechnologies.Vietnam,inparticular,thoughdesperateforanyphones,requiresthatallmobilephonesbeexpensivedigitalmodels.Forcountriesthathavelaggedbehindforsolong,thetemptationtomoveaheadinonejumpishardtoresist.Anddespitethemistakesthey'llmake,they'llpersist—sothatonedaytheycancruisealongsideAmericansandWesternEuropeansontheinformationsuperhighway.3Assignments(5min.)1).課本練習題FinishalltheexercisesofSectionA.PreviewSectionB,includingreadingskills.3),補充練習:a.vocabularyandstructure:1-30Exercises(5thperiod—45min.):RevisionMultiplechoiceTheprisonerremainedthroughouthistrial.A)clumsyB)deafC)dumb D)stillTheOlympicGamesbeganwithaofallthecompetingnations.A)exhibitionB)displayC)paradeD)showTheeditorthemanuscripttohalfofitsoriginallength.A)condensedB)condemnedC)concealedD)concentratedBombing,whichwasinthecitycenter,hasdestroyedmostofthemajorbuildings.A)integralB)intentionalC)intensiveD)intenseHisneedtobelovedspringsfromadeepsenseofinsecurity.A)crucial B)terminalC)intensive D)desperateThechildfinishedthedessertandthentheplate.A)scratchB)clickedC)lickedD)scrapedIn1974and1975,theeconomyplungedintotheworstsincetheGreatDepressionofthe19301s.A)reservation B)recreationC)reversionD)recessionBecarefulwiththecat.Itmayyouifyoumakeitangry.A)punchB)scrapeC)tearD)scratchTheyhaveallsignificantamountsoftimeandenergyinthisproject.A)investedB)involvedC)invented D)integratedMyjobcouldbeatifImakeanerrorofjudgment.A)danger B)stakeC)loss D)threatStudiesshowedthatJuneisthepeakmonthfbrsuicidesandfbradmittingpatientstomentalhospitals.A)high B)peakC)common D)rushHehasputhiscarentirelyatourfbrtheholiday.A)usageB)applicationC)disposition D)disposalThegovemmenfsismadeupchieflyofthemoneypeoplepayintaxes.A)efficiencyB)privilegeC)revenue D)validityHeinworkingtwelvehoursadayinhislaboratoryinspiteofhisrapidlydeclininghealth.A)persisted B)insistedC)resisted D)assistedWemustnotbehindothernationsinoureffortstohelpthosepeoplemadehomelessbythegreatfloods.A)decline B)delayC)lack D)lagCommunicationistheprocessofamessagefromasourcetoanaudienceviaachannel.A)transmitting B)submittingC)transformingD)switchingThecomputerhasbecomesmallerandcheaperandmoreavailabletoagreaternumberofpeople.A)yet B)henceC)still D)neverthelessDecreasetheofmedicineasyoufeelbetter.A)therapyB)prescriptionC)injectionD)doseHewasawarinEuropeduringtheSecondWorldWar.A)resident B)correspondent C)ambassador D)applicant20)rubbersarewidelyusedasasubstitutefornaturalrubber.A)PracticalB)CompoundC)Raw D)SyntheticItisknownthatironhasaroletoplayintheefficientworkingofthehumanbodyandisvitaltohealthyliving.A)crucial B)competitiveC)acute D)satisfactoryAllourhouseholdgoodsareagainstaccidentaldamage.A)ensured B)insuredC)assured D)guaranteedMyhomeisclosetoabusterminalsothatitisveryconvenientformetogotowork.A)end B)closingC)terminal D)concludingWiththecomingoftheInternet,youngpeoplehavetothemostrecenteventsthathappenintheworld.A)assess B)excess C)success D)accessThegovernmentshouldactivepoliciestopullthecountryoutoftherecession.A)comeupwith B)putupwithC)catchupwithD)comeuptoAftershequalifiedasalawyer,shedecidedtospecializecontractlaw.A)on B)inC)with D)ofInhisjunioryear,GatesleftHarvardtohisenergiestoMicrosoft,acompanyhehadbegunin1975withhischildhoodfriendPaulAllen.A)devote B)reserve C)concentrate D)spareTheideathatalllivingthingsfromsimpleorganismsandchangedthroughtheagestoproducemillionsofspeciesisknownasthetheoryoforganicevolution.A)evolved B)involvedC)generated D)ad叩tedPeoplerunningforpresidentoftenreducingtaxes.A)sponsorB)contributeC)advocate D)perform30)intheworldcanyoufindmoreattractivescenerythaninSwitzerland.A)Hardly B)LittleC)Seldom D)Nowhere2.2Errorcorrection1)Itiscrucialthattheproblemmustbetackledimmediately.Otherwise,thewholenationwillA B Csuffergreatloss.D(B.be)2)Inhisnewly-publishedpoem,thepoetcomparesthewomanheloveswitharedrose.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA B CD(D.to)Broadlyspoken,thechurchhasplayedaleadingroleinthestruggleforhumanrights. AB CD(B.speaking)Healwayspreferstostartearlytomakenecessarypreparationsratherthantoleaveeverything A BCtothelastminute.D(C.leave)Spendingonhealthcareforeachpersonintheworld'spoorestcountriesin2015isaboutthreeA Btimesasmuchasthoseatpresent.CD(D.that)3TextextensionDiscussion:Canyoulistanyadvantagesthattheinformationsuperhighwayhasbroughtyou?Readingskill(6thperiod-45min.)5.1.1RecognizingParagraphPatterns(I)Paragraphsareimportantunitsofthoughtintheessaysandstoriesyouhavetoread.Andfiguringoutthemainideainaparagraphisyourbasicchallengeasareader.Ahelpfillcluetoitoftenliesinthewayawriterarrangesinformationinaparagraph.Paragraphinformationoftenappearsinpatternsthatcanberecognizedoranalyzed.Ifyouknowsometypicalparagraphpatternsinwhichinformationmayappear,youmayfinditeasiertounderstandwhatyouread.Ofcourse,nowriterfollowsanypatternsrigidly.Usually,inanessayorstory,manydifferentpatternsappear.Inasingleparagraph,infact,theyoftenoverlapandcombine.Butbeing