考研考博-英語-廣東茂名農(nóng)林科技職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東茂名農(nóng)林科技職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

PopularintheUKaretheolderruinsatthecastle’sedge,knownas“theabbey”:Twosmallcells,（）withivy,crumblingandopentothesky.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.strewn

B.loaded

C.permeated

D.crammed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)strewn“撒滿的，散播的”；B選項(xiàng)loaded“載著重物的”；C選項(xiàng)permeated“彌漫的，遍布的”，多指氣味彌漫或液體滲透；D選項(xiàng)crammed“擠滿的”。句意：在英國很受歡迎的是城堡邊緣的古老廢墟，被稱為“修道院”：兩個(gè)小隔間，散布著常春藤，搖搖欲墜，朝向天空。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.翻譯題

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone.Thenewestcropofsinglesishighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneaslifestylechoices.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative—darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.

【答案】以前獨(dú)自生活的人都是一些處在婚姻生活之兩端的人們——20多歲的專業(yè)人員或寡居的老人。領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金的人，特別是上了年紀(jì)的婦女，構(gòu)成了獨(dú)自生活人群的絕大多數(shù)；而新一批單身族則是30到40歲高收入人士，他們?nèi)找嬲J(rèn)為獨(dú)自生活是一種生活方式的選擇。獨(dú)自生活被認(rèn)為是消極的——黑暗而且寒冷，而家庭生活則意味著溫暖與光明。

3.單選題

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CorDandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Publicofficialsandcandidatesforpublicofficesroutinelyusepublicopinionpollstokeep（31）ofwhatthepeoplearethinking.Animportantquestionisthedegreetowhichthesepollsshouldguideleaders（32）theiractions.Thereareargumentsforandagainsttheuseofpollsasthebasisforpolicy（33）.

Pollscancontributetoeffectivegovernmentbykeepingpoliticalleadersfromgettingtoofar（34）linewiththepublic’sthinking.Inademocraticsociety,theeffectivesofapublicpolicydependsontheextentofitspublic（35）.Whenapolicyiscontrarytothepublic’sdesires,peoplemaychooseto（36）orunderminedit,thusmakingitcounterproductiveorinefficient.Furthermore,whengovernment（37）acourseofactionwithwhichalargeproportionofthepublicdisagrees,it（38）alossofpublicconfidence,whichcanhaveanegativeeffectonitsabilitytolead.TheReaganadministration,flyinghighfrom1981to1985,wasbroughtlowin1986bypublicreactiontonewsofitssecretsalesofweaponstoIran.Theadministrationhadnotpaid（39）attentiontopollsthathadrevealedthedeepantagonismAmericansstillfelttowardIranbecausetheAyatollahKhomeini’sregimehadheldthreeAmericanhostages.

However,leaderscanalsodoadisservicetothepublictheyrepresentbyusingpollresultsasa（40）forpolicyjudgment.Effectivegovernment,asWalterLippmannwrote,cannotbeconductedbylegislatorsandofficialswho,whenaquestionispresented,askthemselvesfirstandlastnotwhatisthetruthandwhichistherightandnecessarycourse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trace

B.trade

C.track

D.trap

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.to

C.for

D.in

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.determination

B.conclusion

C.decision

D.choice

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.by

C.at

D.about

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.admission

B.support

C.disagreement

D.reaction

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.dispute

B.disregard

C.disrespect

D.disrupt

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.continues

B.carrieson

C.embarks

D.pursues

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.risks

B.costs

C.makes

D.endangers

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.efficiency

B.effective

C.sufficient

D.scarce

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.replacement

B.substitute

C.change

D.diversity

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

【解析】31、【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查名詞與詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)keeptraceof“保留痕跡，跟蹤”；B選項(xiàng)trade“貿(mào)易”；C選項(xiàng)keeptrackof“記錄；與……保持聯(lián)系，明了”；D選項(xiàng)trap“陷阱，圈套”。由空格后“whatthepeoplearethinking”（人民的想法）可知與其對(duì)應(yīng)的是了解，明了的意思。A、B、D在此處語義不符。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

32、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。由空格前后語義可知這里指這些民調(diào)應(yīng)該在多大程度上指導(dǎo)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的行動(dòng)，在……方面，使用介詞in。A選項(xiàng)with“隨著，由著”；B選項(xiàng)to“對(duì)于”；D選項(xiàng)for“給，對(duì)；為了”，在此處語義不符。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

33、【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)determination“決心；果斷”；B選項(xiàng)conclusion“結(jié)論”；C選項(xiàng)decision“決定”；D選項(xiàng)choice“選擇”。由空格前“pollsasthebasisforpolicy”（民意作為政治……的基礎(chǔ)）可知與其對(duì)應(yīng)的是決定，即將民調(diào)作為政治決定的基礎(chǔ)。A選項(xiàng)一般指人決心做某事；B、D在此處語義不符。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

34、【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析與前后邏輯關(guān)系。Farfrom意為“遠(yuǎn)離”，由空格前后語義可知這里指這些民調(diào)能幫助政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人避免與公眾的想法偏離太遠(yuǎn)，從而提高政府的效率。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

35、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析與語義關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)admission“承認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)support“支持；幫助”；C選項(xiàng)disagreement“不一致；爭(zhēng)論”；D選項(xiàng)reaction“反應(yīng)，感應(yīng)”。由空格前theeffectivesofapublicpolicydependsontheextentofitspublic”（公共政策的有效性取決于其公眾……的程度）可知與其對(duì)應(yīng)的是支持，即有效性取決于公眾的支持程度。A、C、D在此處語義不符。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

36、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dispute“辯論；爭(zhēng)吵”；B選項(xiàng)disregard“忽視，無視”；C選項(xiàng)disrespect“無禮，失禮”；D選項(xiàng)disrupt“破壞；使瓦解”。由空格后“or”可知該空與undermined（破壞）是并列選擇關(guān)系。A、C選項(xiàng)在此處語義不符；D選項(xiàng)意義也為破壞，與空格后語義重復(fù)，排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

37、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)continues“繼續(xù)，連續(xù)”；B選項(xiàng)carrieson“開展；實(shí)行”；C選項(xiàng)embarks“上船（或飛機(jī)）”；D選項(xiàng)pursues“追求，從事”。由空格后“acourseofactionwithwhichalargeproportionofthepublicdisagrees”（大部分公眾不同意的行動(dòng)方針）可知是采取大眾不同意的方針，pursue有一種貶義的意義，即對(duì)應(yīng)后文帶來不好的影響。A、C選項(xiàng)在此處語義不符；B選項(xiàng)意義也為采取，實(shí)行，但多為褒義，即經(jīng)過周密調(diào)查而實(shí)行的計(jì)劃，排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

38、【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)risks“冒……危險(xiǎn)”；B選項(xiàng)costs“花費(fèi)；使損失”；C選項(xiàng)makes“做，制作”；D選項(xiàng)endangers“危及；使遭到危險(xiǎn)”。由空格后“l(fā)ossofpublicconfidence”（公眾信心的喪失）可知是實(shí)行公眾不同意的計(jì)劃，是冒著失去公眾信心的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)實(shí)行的，所以A選項(xiàng)與其語義相對(duì)應(yīng)。B、C、D選項(xiàng)在此處語義不符，排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

39、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)efficiency“效率；效能；功效”為名詞，此處需填入形容詞，排除；B選項(xiàng)effective“有效的，起作用的”；C選項(xiàng)sufficient“足夠的；充分的”；D選項(xiàng)scarce“缺乏的，不足的”。由空格后“thathadrevealedthedeepantagonismAmericansstillfelttowardIranbecausetheAyatollahKhomeini’sregimehadheldthreeAmericanhostages”（這顯示出美國人對(duì)伊朗仍然懷有深深的敵意，因?yàn)榘唸D拉?霍梅尼(AyatollahKhomeini)的政權(quán)扣押了三名美國人質(zhì)）可知是由于政府沒有注意到民調(diào)顯示出的美國人仍然對(duì)伊朗懷有深深的敵意，所以D選項(xiàng)與其語義相對(duì)應(yīng)。A、B、C選項(xiàng)在此處語義不符，排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

40、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)replacement“更換；復(fù)位”，一般與介詞of以及by搭配使用；B選項(xiàng)substitute“代用品；代替者”，通常與介詞of以及for搭配使用；C選項(xiàng)change“變化”；D選項(xiàng)diversity“多樣性；差異”。由空格后介詞“for”可知B選項(xiàng)與其語義相對(duì)應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)一般表示代替不與for搭配；C、D選項(xiàng)在此處語義不符，排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Heisverytired.Heneeds（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.agoodnightrest

B.goodrestofanight

C.agoodrestnight

D.agoodnight’srest

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞所有格。表示有生命的東西的名詞及某些表示時(shí)間、距離、星球、世界、國家等無生命的東西的名詞后加“’s”來表示所有關(guān)系，此處表示他需要一個(gè)晚上的休息，night為名詞，后面加“’s”表示與rest的所有關(guān)系，因此選D。句意：他非常累，他需要一個(gè)晚上的休息。

5.單選題

Televisionadvertisinghasbeenunderconstantscrutinyforthelastfewyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.counterattack

B.pressure

C.revision

D.examination

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。scrutiny表示“詳細(xì)審查”；A項(xiàng)counterattack“反擊，反攻”，B項(xiàng)pressure“壓力”，C項(xiàng)revision“修訂，修正”，D項(xiàng)examination“檢查，查問”。句意：在過去數(shù)年里，電視廣告一直不斷受到詳細(xì)審查。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersorgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself,itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenal(刑法的)systemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat____.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey____.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton____.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause____.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat____.人們可能無法在沒有情感的世界中生存的原因是____。

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjectsA.他們無法分辨物體的紋理

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothemB.他們不知道什么對(duì)他們有益，什么對(duì)他們有害

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutloveC.沒有愛的生活不會(huì)幸福

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelingsD.他們會(huì)做傷害彼此感情的事

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段“想象一個(gè)突然間沒有情感的世界——一個(gè)人類感覺不到愛或幸福、恐懼或仇恨的世界。試著想象一下這種轉(zhuǎn)變的后果。人們可能無法活下去：既不知喜也不知樂，既不知道焦慮也不知道恐懼，他們可能重復(fù)傷害自己的行為，就像重復(fù)有益的行為一樣。（theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial）”由此可推斷，沒有感情的世界里，人們可能重復(fù)傷害或者有益的行為，因?yàn)樗麄儾恢朗裁磳?duì)他們有益，什么對(duì)他們有害。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他們無法分辨物體的紋理”，文章第二段第四句提到“但一個(gè)物體的物理方面沒有它對(duì)我們所做或能做的事——傷害我們、讓我們驚訝、激怒我們或讓我們快樂——那么重要?！庇纱丝芍矬w的物理方面對(duì)人們影響不大，因此不是人們無法生存的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“沒有愛的生活不會(huì)幸福”，根據(jù)定位點(diǎn)可知，不只是沒有愛的生活，還有恐懼和仇恨，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“他們會(huì)做傷害彼此感情的事”，根據(jù)定位點(diǎn)可知，人們也會(huì)重復(fù)有益行為，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey____.根據(jù)文章，人們的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)是可能的，因?yàn)樗麄僟___。

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayaliveA.相信情緒是他們生存的基礎(chǔ)

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanotherB.受益于互相提供幫助和支持

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthingC.享受因做正確的事情而得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsocietyD.知道什么是對(duì)社會(huì)進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段第五行“他們無法學(xué)習(xí)：他們無法從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲益，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)沒有情感的世界將缺少獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰（theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments）?！庇纱丝赏茢嗨麄儗W(xué)習(xí)是因?yàn)榭梢詮慕?jīng)驗(yàn)中獲益，從世界里獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“相信情緒是他們生存的基礎(chǔ)”，文中雖然提到，但該選項(xiàng)與題目無關(guān)，該選項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

B選項(xiàng)“受益于互相提供幫助和支持”，文中第一段提到“社會(huì)很快就會(huì)消失：人們互相傷害的可能性和提供幫助和支持的可能性一樣大?！庇纱丝芍撨x項(xiàng)與題目無關(guān)，該選項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

D選項(xiàng)“知道什么是對(duì)社會(huì)進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要的”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton____.從文章中可以推斷，社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)依賴于____。

A.theabilitytomakemoneyA.賺錢的能力

B.thewilltoworkforpleasureB.為快樂而工作的意愿

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentivesC.享受激勵(lì)的能力

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiencesD.我們對(duì)情感經(jīng)驗(yàn)的分類

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段最后“社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)將被摧毀，因?yàn)椴粫?huì)有任何形式的激勵(lì)。因?yàn)檎缥覀儗⒖吹降?，激?lì)意味著享受它們的能力。”由此可推斷，社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)依賴于享受激勵(lì)的能力。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“賺錢的能力”，賺錢的能力只是激勵(lì)能力的一種，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)“為快樂而工作的意愿”，工作的意愿只是享受激勵(lì)能力的一種表現(xiàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“我們對(duì)情感經(jīng)驗(yàn)的分類”，文中提到“在我們的家庭、社區(qū)和整個(gè)社會(huì)中，我們也會(huì)根據(jù)情緒進(jìn)行分類?！钡c經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)無關(guān)，該選項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause____.情緒對(duì)人類的生存和適應(yīng)是重要的，因?yàn)開___。

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjectsA.它們提供了人們觀察物體大小和形狀的方法

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintainedB.它們是維系社會(huì)的社會(huì)認(rèn)同感的基礎(chǔ)

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievementsC.它們鼓勵(lì)人們?nèi)ネ瓿晌ｋU(xiǎn)的成就

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeopleD.它們?cè)谌藗冎g產(chǎn)生的愛多于恨

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“在這樣一個(gè)世界里，人類生存的機(jī)會(huì)幾乎為零，因?yàn)榍楦惺俏覀兩婧瓦m應(yīng)的基本工具。情感以重要的方式為我們構(gòu)建世界?！币约啊拔覀兣c對(duì)象和事件的情感體驗(yàn)產(chǎn)生一種社會(huì)認(rèn)同感，某些事情的感覺和行動(dòng)是‘好’和其他的是‘壞’，我們這些類別適用于我們社會(huì)的方方面面——推而廣之，從我們所吃的食物和我們所穿的衣物到我們?nèi)绾伪３殖兄Z，我們這個(gè)群體會(huì)接受什么樣的人。”由此可推斷，我們的情感涉及社會(huì)認(rèn)同感，會(huì)對(duì)某些事物達(dá)成好或者壞的情感認(rèn)同，并且情感是我們構(gòu)建世界的基礎(chǔ)。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它們提供了人們觀察物體大小和形狀的方法”，人類對(duì)事物的形狀大小的認(rèn)知并不來源于情感，該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“它們鼓勵(lì)人們?nèi)ネ瓿晌ｋU(xiǎn)的成就”，文章最后一段提到“事實(shí)上，社會(huì)利用我們的情緒反應(yīng)和態(tài)度，如忠誠、道德、驕傲、羞恥、內(nèi)疚、恐懼和貪婪，為了保持本身，它高度獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)執(zhí)行重要任務(wù)的個(gè)人，如手術(shù)，使得個(gè)人因?yàn)椴粚こ５幕蛭ｋU(xiǎn)的成就，如在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中駕駛戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)成為英雄，并使用法律和刑法系統(tǒng)讓人們不敢從事反社會(huì)行為?！笨芍巧鐣?huì)利用情感去完成危險(xiǎn)的成就而不是情感本身，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

D選項(xiàng)“它們?cè)谌藗冎g產(chǎn)生的愛多于恨”，文中沒有體現(xiàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey____.一個(gè)物體的情感方面比它的物理方面更重要，因?yàn)樗鼈僟___。

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofitA.有助于社會(huì)剝削其成員以獲取利益

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasksB.鼓勵(lì)我們執(zhí)行重要的任務(wù)

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystemC.有助于完善法律和刑罰制度

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingusD.幫助我們調(diào)整我們的行為以適應(yīng)我們周圍的世界

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段第一句“在這樣一個(gè)世界里，人類生存的機(jī)會(huì)幾乎為零，因?yàn)榍楦惺俏覀兩婧瓦m應(yīng)的基本工具?！币约啊拔覀兣c時(shí)間和對(duì)象的情感體驗(yàn)涉及社會(huì)認(rèn)同感，某些事情的感覺和行動(dòng)是‘好’和其他的是‘壞’，我們這些類別適用于我們社會(huì)的方方面面——推而廣之，從我們所吃的食物和我們所穿的衣物到我們?nèi)绾伪３殖兄Z，我們這個(gè)群體會(huì)接受什么樣的人。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“有助于社會(huì)剝削其成員以獲取利益”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)我們執(zhí)行重要的任務(wù)”，文中提到“它高度獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)執(zhí)行重要任務(wù)的個(gè)人”是社會(huì)利用人們的情緒反應(yīng)和態(tài)度使人們調(diào)節(jié)行為的具體方式之一，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“有助于完善法律和刑罰制度”，文中提到“并使用法律和刑法系統(tǒng)讓人們不敢從事反社會(huì)行為”是社會(huì)利用人們的情緒反應(yīng)和態(tài)度使人們調(diào)節(jié)行為的具體方式之一，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。

7.單選題

Youngpeoplearenot______tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservative

B.content

C.confident

D.generous

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)conservative“保守的”；B選項(xiàng)content“滿意的”；C選項(xiàng)confident“自信的”；D選項(xiàng)generous“慷慨的”。句意：年輕人不______站在那里觀看藝術(shù)作品；他們想要的是可以參與的藝術(shù)。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是不想止步于觀看藝術(shù)作品，而是想要參與其中，B選項(xiàng)content“滿意的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeantheunitingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchywhenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarized,asitwas.FollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs'continuingpopularityasheadsofstates.Andso;theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdomsnotcountingVaticancityandAndorra.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectablepublicfigure.

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside,symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory―andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday―embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThornesPikettyandotherecumenistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticfamiliesandshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princeandprincesshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchyreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-healed)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskingsofrepublicanswhoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlofSpain（

）.

2.MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

4.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport

B.wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

C.endedhisreigninembarrassment

D.easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

B.toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

C.togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto

D.duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth

B.Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies

C.Theroleofthenobilityinmodemdemocracies

D.Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues

B.failstochangehislifestyleasadvised

C.takesrepublicansashispotentialallies

D.failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

B.Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

C.Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

D.Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown(然而在近來歐洲選舉中所留下的令人尷尬的丑聞和共和黨人的聲望卻迫使他食言而退位)。由此可知C項(xiàng)“尷尬地結(jié)束自己的統(tǒng)治”正確。

2.判斷推理題。第三段指出:Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs'continuingpopularityasheadsofstates(這種明顯的政治超越解釋了君主們作為國家元首的持續(xù)受歡迎)。...mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectablepublicfigure.……(大多數(shù)皇室幸存的原因是他們讓選民避免困難地去尋找沒有爭(zhēng)議但卻可敬重的公眾人物)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“由于他們無疑問且可敬重的地位”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:...itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticfamiliesandshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticstates(奇怪的是富有的貴族家鹿應(yīng)該仍然是現(xiàn)代民主家庭和國家的象征性核心),由此可知C項(xiàng)“貴族在現(xiàn)代民主政治中的角色”正確。

4.推理判斷題。最后一段指出:ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld(危險(xiǎn)將從查爾斯（王子）開始，他有一種奢華的生活品味，且對(duì)世界有著相當(dāng)?shù)燃?jí)制度的觀點(diǎn))?？赏浦狟項(xiàng)“未能按照建議來改變自己的生活方式”正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章第二段指出:.事實(shí)上當(dāng)公眾輿論特別兩極分化時(shí)，西班牙國王退位的例子為支持和反對(duì)君主政治提供了論據(jù)。而且后續(xù)段落圍繞“歐洲君主們應(yīng)對(duì)君主政體所面臨的危機(jī)而采取的方式”可推知B項(xiàng)“對(duì)所有歐洲君主們而言是一個(gè)教訓(xùn)的西班牙國王胡安?卡洛斯”比較適合作文章標(biāo)題。

9.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hiswifehasjustpassedaway.

B.Hiswifeisunconscious.

C.Hesuffersfromshortnessofbreath.

D.Hesuffersfromdepression.

【答案】B

【解析】1.M:Ineedadoctorrightnow.

W:Tellmetheproblem,sir.

M:Mywifejustpassedout.

W:Sir,It’sdifficulttounderstandyou.Pleasetakeadeepbreathandcalmdown.

Q:Whydoesthemanmakethecall?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：這個(gè)男子為什么打這通電話？由文中“Mywifejustpassedout.（我妻子暈過去了）”，可知B選項(xiàng)“Hiswifeisunconscious.（他的妻子失去意識(shí)了）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“我的妻子剛剛?cè)ナ懒恕?；C選項(xiàng)“他呼吸急促”；D選項(xiàng)“他患有抑郁癥”不符合原文。

10.單選題

Allflights（

）becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadbeencanceled

B.havebeencanceled

C.werecanceled

D.havingbeencanceled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:因?yàn)楸╋L(fēng)雪所有的航班都被取消了，很多乘客不得不改乘火車。

語法題。考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。前后句子主語不一致,因此前面句子應(yīng)該用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示原因:邏輯主語+doing,前面句子邏輯主語是Allflights,謂語動(dòng)詞是cancel(取消),所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。而且前面句子發(fā)生在后面句子之前,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

11.單選題

AsmanyofthearticlesinthisissueofTheMcKinseyQuarterlydemonstrate,companiesinthedevelopedworldareoutsourcing（資源外置）everlargerportionsoftheirbusinesstolow-cost,highlyskilledworkersinthedevelopingworld.Drivingthistrendistheremarkableabilityoftheglobalworkforcetolearnonthejob.

Infact,therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,political,andintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.TheresearchoftheMcKinseyGlobalInstitute(MGI)duringthepastdecadehasconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

MGIhasfoundampleevidenceinthedevelopingworldtosupportthisconclusion.InBrazil,forexample,thetwoleadingprivateretailbanksarelocallyownedandstaffedbutachievenear-globallevelsofbest-practiceproductivity.AHondafactoryinBrazilperformsalmostaswellasthecompany’sJapaneseandUSplants.Inthesamecountry,theFrenchhypermarketchainCarrefourachievesabout90percentoftheproductivitythatitachievesathome.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Ihavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon'tforceit.Afterall,that'showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn'thavetimeforeducation.Theydidn'thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywith